The grades of officers of the different corps are similar to those of other services, there being no grade of Admiral. The cadre of the two navies is:
| SWEDEN. | |
| Officers | 518 |
| Men | 5,051 |
| NORWAY. | |
| Officers | 104 |
| Men | 550 |
| Total | 6,223 |
The Norwegian fleet is entirely confined to coast-defence vessels, no cruisers being now sent out. The Swedish fleet is well provided with cruisers, but there are no foreign squadrons, the foreign cruising being confined to single ships.
Russia.
The Russian Navy is represented in the Council of State by the Admiral-General, a prince of the blood, who is Commander-in-Chief of the naval force. The head of the central administration is a Minister chosen from the list of Vice-Admirals. There are six sections or departments of control: 1st. The Chancellery, having charge of the expenditure of the Budget. 2d. The Department of the Personnel. 3d. The Hydrographic Department. 4th. The Technical Committee, divided into three sections—Construction of Vessels, Construction of Machinery, and Construction of Ordnance. 5th. The Supreme Naval Tribunal. 6th. The Direction of the Health Service. The general administration is divided between the naval stations of St. Petersburg, Sebastopol, Odessa, and the naval stations of the Caspian and Aral seas and Petropaulovsk on the Amoor River.
The personnel of the Russian Navy is recruited by inscription throughout the maritime districts, the inscription carrying with it certain benefits to the seafaring population, as in other countries. There are two divisions, active and reserve, the time of service being seven years in the active division and three in the reserve. The grades correspond with those of other navies. The effective strength is 4219 officers and 26,683 men.
The fleet is divided into five divisions with squadron sub-divisions: 1st. The Baltic Fleet, divided into the Squadron of Evolutions, Division of School-ships, Lighthouse and Survey Squadrons, and Cruisers, the latter being engaged in long foreign cruises independently. 2d. Black Sea Fleet, Division of School-ships, Coast Guard-ships, Lighthouse Service, Hydrographic Service, Port Guard-ships, and Cruisers confined to the Black and Mediterranean seas. 3d. The Caspian Flotilla. 4th. The Siberian Flotilla. 5th. All vessels in course of construction at St. Petersburg or Odessa.
Spain.
The Minister of Marine is invariably chosen from the grades of Vice or Rear Admiral, having an officer of one of these grades as an Assistant Secretary and Chief of Staff. The affairs of the Ministry are controlled by bureaus and sections, with special committees for the regulation of certain special affairs. For the immediate superintendence of the naval administration the Spanish coast is divided into three departments, each commanded by an officer of high rank. The headquarters of the Department of the East are at Cartagena, those of the South at Cadiz, and those of the North at Ferrol; the Eastern Department including the Balearic Isles, and the Southern the Canaries. Cuba and Porto Rico form a fourth department, with headquarters at Havana; and the Philippine Islands a fifth, with headquarters at Manila. The Commander-in-Chief of the department is also in command of the fleet at the station.
For the purposes of naval inscription the departments are subdivided into provinces and districts, there being in all 110 districts, each of which is in charge of a naval officer so far as marine inscription is concerned. The corps and grade divisions of the active personnel correspond with those of other nations, the grades of the executive corps being as follows: