[Footnote 44: Substitutes of metal or of earthen victims are also mentioned.]
[Footnote 45: That the Vedic rite of killing the sacrificial beast (by beating and smothering) was very cruel may be seen in the description, [=A]it. Br. ii. 6.]
[Footnote 46: Çat. Br. i. 5. 2. 4.]
[Footnote 47: Sams[=a]ra is transmigration; karma, 'act,' implies that the change of abode is conditioned by the acts of a former life. Each may exclude the other; but in common parlance each implies the other.]
[Footnote 48: Weber, Indischt Streifen, i. p. 72.]
[Footnote 49: Çat. Br. i. 7. 3. 19: iii. 4. 1. 17.]
[Footnote 50: Çaf. Br. iii. 5. 4. 10; 6. 2. 24; 5. 3. 17 (compare 6. 4. 23-24; 3. 4. 11; 2. 1. 12); iii. 1. 2. 4; 3. 14; i. 7. 2. 9; vi. 1. 2. 14. The change of name is interesting. There is a remark in another part of the same work to the effect that when a man prospers in life they give his name also to his son, grandson, and to his father and grandfather (vi. 1. 2. 13). On the other hand, it was the custom of the Indian kings in later ages to assume the names of their prosperous grandfathers (JRAS. iv. 85).]
[Footnote 51: Were it not for the first clause it would be more natural to render the original 'The gods are truth alone, and men are untruth.']
[Footnote 52: In Çat. Br. ii. 4. 2. 5-6 it is said that the Father-god gives certain rules of eating to gods, Manes, men, and beasts: "Neither gods, Manes, nor beasts transgress the Father's law, only some men do.">[
[Footnote 53: Çat. Br. ii. 5. 2. 20. Varuna seizes on her
paramour, when she confesses. T[.a]itt. Br. i. 6. 5. 2.
The guilt confessed becomes less "because it thereby becomes
truth" (right).]