[142] Ibid. ii. 451. Stephen, History of the Criminal Law of England, i. 474.
[143] Pike, op. cit. ii. 451. Stephen, op. cit. i. 474.
[144] Stephen, op. cit. i. 475.
[145] Ibid. i. 475.
[146] For the manner in which this torture was inflicted, see Andrews, Old-Time Punishments, p. 203 sq.
[147] Ibid. p. 198. Stephen, op. cit. i. 477.
[148] Andrews, op. cit. p. 192.
[149] Holinshed, Chronicles of England, &c. i. 310. Thomas Smith, Commonwealth of England, p. 198.
[150] Andrews, op. cit. p. 203. An earlier method of punishing traitors was boiling to death, which was adopted by Henry VIII. as a punishment for poisoners as well (Holinshed, op. cit. i. 311).
[151] Stephen, op. cit. i. 478. Cf. Thomas Smith, op. cit. p. 193 sq.