[72] Du Boys, Histoire du droit criminel des peuples modernes, ii. 699. Idem, Histoire du droit criminel de l’Espagne, p. 94. Cibrario, Economia politica del medio eve, i. 346 sq.

[73] Laws of Alfred, ii. 25.

[74] Bracton, De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliæ, fol. 147, vol. ii. 480 sq.

[75] Laws of Cnut, ii. 54.

[76] Laws of Æthelstan, 14.

[77] Strutt, View of the Manners, Customs, &c., of the Inhabitants of England, iii. 43.

[78] Erskine, Principles of the Law of Scotland, p. 571.

[79] Stemann, op. cit. p. 645. Charles V.’s Peinliche Gerichts Ordnung, art. 107, p. 235. Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law before the Time of Edward I. ii. 453. Günther, op. cit. ii. 57.

[80] Du Boys, Histoire du droit criminel des peuples modernes, ii. 699. Idem, Histoire du droit criminel de l’Espagne, p. 599 sq. Pitcairn, Criminal Trials in Scotland, iii. 539.

[81] Pollock and Maitland, op. cit. ii. 539.