[16] Azara, Voyages dans l’Amérique méridionale, ii. 23.
[17] von Martius, in Jour. Roy. Geo. Soc. ii. 199. Cf. Southey, History of Brazil, iii. 387 (Guaycurus).
[18] Lumholtz, Unknown Mexico, p. 275.
[19] Georgi, Russia, iii. 212.
[20] Veniaminof, quoted by Petroff, ‘Report on Alaska,’ in Tenth Census of the United States, pp. 155, 158.
[21] Steller, Beschreibung von dem Lande Kamtschatka, p. 353. Cf. Georgi, op. cit. iii. 158.
Other savages, again, are by no means deficient in filial piety.[22]
[22] Im Thurn, Among the Indians of Guiana, p. 213. Schwaner, Borneo, i. 162 (Malays of the Barito River in Borneo). Worcester, Philippine Islands, p. 481. Lewin, Hill Tracts of Chittagong, p. 102 (Kukis). Vámbéry, Türkenvolk, p. 268 (Kara-Kirghiz). Macpherson, Memorials of Service in India, p. 67; Hunter, Annals of Rural Bengal, iii. 72 (Kandhs). Granville and Roth, in Jour. Anthr. Inst. xxviii. 109 (Jekris of the Warri District of the Niger Coast Protectorate). Stuhlmann, Mit Emin Pascha ins Herz von Afrika, p. 801 (Latuka).
Among various Eskimo[23] and North American Indian tribes[24] children are described as very obedient to their parents. Parry says of the Eskimo of Winter Island and Igloolik that disobedience is scarcely ever known, and that “a word or even a look from a parent is enough.”[25] The Potawatomis hold the violation of the advice and directions of their parents one of the most atrocious crimes.[26] In Tonga “filial duty is a most important duty and appears to be universally felt.”[27] One of the chief duties which the Ainos taught their children was obedience to parents.[28] Among the Central Asiatic Turks a son, whilst young, behaves as if he were his father’s slave.[29] Among the Ossetes “the authority of the head of the family, whether grandfather, father, stepfather, uncle, or elder brother, is submitted to unconditionally; the young men never sit in his presence, nor speak with a loud voice, nor contradict him.”[30] Among the Barea and Kunáma “a father and a mother are respected to the utmost degree. A son never dares to contradict his parents nor oppose their commands, however unjust they be. The mother particularly is much beloved and tenderly cared for at her old age.”[31] Among the Mandingoes children “have a great veneration for their parents,” and “would feel extreme reluctance to disobey their father.”[32] Of the Bachapins, a Bechuana tribe, it is said that “filial obedience is strenuously enforced.”[33] Among the Kafirs “any one who should fail in respect for his father, or show any neglect of him, would draw on himself the contempt of the whole horde; there have been even instances in which want of filial duty has been punished with infamy and banishment.”[34]
[23] Hall, Arctic Researches, p. 568. Boas, ‘Central Eskimo,’ in Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethn. vi. 566. Murdoch, ‘Ethnol. Results of the Point Barrow Expedition,’ ibid. ix. 417. Turner, ‘Ethnology of the Ungava District,’ ibid. xi. 191 (Koksoagmyut).