An account of the manners and customs of the modern Egyptians

by Edward William Lane

• Painters and sculptors of living beings, their future punishment, [84].
• Paintings on the walls of rooms, etc., [14], [286].
• Palm-trees, tax on, [117], [119].
• Panel-work, [11].
• Paradise. See Genneh.
• Párah, [534].
• Parents, respect to, [45], [272].
• Pavements, ornamental, [9].
• Peasantry. See [Felláhs].
• Perfumes, [126], [171], [184].
• Piaster of Egypt, [535].
• Pictures of living beings forbidden, [34].
• Pigeon-houses, [17].
• Piláv, [134].
• Pilgrimage of the Muslims, [56], [79];
  • Copts, [501].
• Pilgrims, return of the, [399];
  • mode of ornamenting the doors of their houses, [403];
  • Turkish, their arrival in Egypt, on their way to Mekkeh, [430];
  • procession of their officers and escort, with the Mahmal, departing for Mekkeh, [448];
  • their journey, [450].
• Pipe, [26], [122];
  • different names and kinds of, [122].
• Plague, [171];
  • its ravages in 1835, [3], [4].
• Police of Cairo, [107].
• Pollution, scrupulosity of the Egyptians respecting, [270], [473].
• Polygamy, [84], [121], [163], [165];
  • influence of, [84];
  • limited by Mohammad, [85].
• Population of Egypt, its present amount, [18];
  • in ancient times, [19];
  • late decrease of, [18].
• Population of Cairo, [4], [19].
• Pottery employed in the construction of pigeon-houses, [17].
• Prayer of Muslims, [56], [59], [108], [121], [138], [139], [299];
  • times of, [60], [200];
  • calls to, [60], [343];
  • postures and form of, [63];
  • of the night of the Middle of Shaabán, [435];
  • over the dead, [481].
• Prayers of Friday, [67], [71], [72];
  • the marriage night, [154], [156];
  • at the tombs of saints, [217], [398];
  • of Ramádan, [439];
  • of the two grand festivals, [442], [451];
  • on other occasions, [78].
• Prayer-carpet. See [Seggádeh].
• Predestination, [56], [436];
  • its influence upon the character of the Muslims, [266].
• Presents given on occasions of private festivities, etc., [148], [152], [156], [158], [185], [464], [468], [472];
  • by servants, [186], [443];
  • to servants, [140], [185], [443], [451].
• Prices of articles of food, etc., in Cairo, [290].
• Printing, scruples of the Muslims respecting, [260].
• Printing Office at Boolák, [201], [516].
• Professors. See [Azhar].
• Prophets and apostles, [53].
• Prostitutes. See [Gházeeyehs], [107].
• Psylli, [352].
• Punishments for various offences, [99];
  • of dishonest tradesmen, [11];
  • See “[Laws],” “[Adultery],” “[Fornication],” and “[Apostasy].”
• Puppets, [359].
• Purifications. See “[Wudoo],” “[Tayemmum],” and “[Ghusl].”
• Purse, sum of money so called, [103], [535].

• Quarters of Cairo, [5], [113].
• Quatremère, referred to, [495], [507].

• Raaráa, Eiyoob, [452].
• Raba, [17].
• Rabáb, [332].
• Rabeea el-Owwal; et-Tánee, [199].
• Rabtah, [37], [519].
• Ráhib, [494].
• Rahmánee, [242].
• Ramadán, [79], [206], [436].
• Rasools of the Kádee, [101].
• Ratl, [534].
• Ráyeh, [455].
• Reciters of Romances, [333], [359], [367-380].
• Reesheh, [522].
• Reffa, [294].
• Regeb, [199].
• Regm, [205].
• Rei (water-skins), [295];
  • lands, [301].
• Rek’ah, [63].
• Reland referred to, [48], [56], [59].
• Religion of the Muslims, [52];
  • present state of the, [262].
• Religious education of the Muslim Egyptians, [48], [51];
  • character of the same, [255].
• Remedies for diseases, etc., charms used as, [233], [399].
• Retaliation for wounds and mutilations, [94].
• Revelations, successive, [53].
• Rifá’eeyeh darweeshes, or Rifá’ees, [221], [352], [447].
• Rikk, [331].
• Riwáks. See [Azhar].
• Riyál, sum of money so called, [535];
  • Faránsa, [535].
• Rope dancers, [356].
• Rosary. See [Sebhah].
• Róshan, [6].
• Ruba, [533];
  • Fenduklee, [528].
• Ruzz mufelfel, [134].

• Saad and Harám, [178].
• Saadeeyeh darweeshes, or Saadees, [220], [222], [352], [416], [419], [450];
  • (a coin), [535].
• Sabáheeyeh, [158].
• Sabbágh, [294].
• Sabbath of the Muslims. See [Friday], and [Gum’ah].
• Sacrifice performed by the pilgrims, [80];
  • performed by others on the same day, [80], [81], [451];
  • at the tombs of saints, [44], [219];
  • on the burial of the dead, [479], [485];
  • at a Coptic marriage, [504];
  • by the Copts at the tombs of their relations, [507].
• Sacy, De, [83], [188], [304], [306], [379].
• Sadakah, [78].
• Sadr, [183].
• Sa’eed, [52].
• Safa, [37], [528].
• Safar, [198].
• Ságát, [334].
• Sáheb seggádeh, [221].
• Sahhár, [246].
• Sahlab, [298].
• Sahoor, [439], [440].
• Sáïgh, [293].
• Saints, Muslim, [208], [432], [433];
  • respect paid to, [98], [208], [216];
  • regarded and invoked as intercessors, [78], [217];
  • tombs and cenotaphs of, [216], [220];
  • the visits to these, [217];
  • the prayers, sacrifices, votive offerings, and other ceremonies performed on such visits, [44], [217], [296], [398].
  • See also [Moolids], and [Miracles].
• Sáïs, [121], [140].
• Sakkas, [121], [295].
• Sakka sharbeh, [295];
  • el-’ashr, [393].
• Sakeefeh, [517].
• Sákiyeh, [301], [524].
• Salah, [59], [155].
  • See [Prayer].
• Sale referred to, or quoted, [53], [69], [91], [95], [442];
  • his translation of the Kur-án, [53].
• Saleeb, festival of the, [462].
• Salk, [157].
• Saltah, [36].
• Salubrity of Egypt, [2].
• Salutations, [179].
• Samoom, [2].
• Sáneeyeh. See [Seeneeyeh].
• Santeer, [332].
• Sáree, [408].
• Sarráf, [515].
• Sarrág báshee, [461].
• Satreng, [315].
• Schools of the Muslims, [48], [119];
  • Copts, [495];
  • for needle-work, [51].
• Schoolmasters, [49], [56], [192].
• Sciences, [191].
• Scorpions, feats performed with, [222], [419].
• Scripture, references to the following texts of:—
  • Gen. xvi. 4, [167];
    • xxiii. 11, [293];
    • xxiv., [143];
    • ibid. 47, [531];
    • ibid. 65, [39];
    • xxix. 26, [144];
    • ibid. 27, [466];
    • xli. 42, [26];
    • l. 3, [488].
  • Exod. i. 16, [466];
    • iii. 5, [10];
    • xxii. 26 and 27, [141];
    • xxxix. 30, [26].
  • Lev. xi. 9-12, [83];
    • ibid. 22, [172];
    • xii. 2-5, [468];
    • xix. 32, [272];
    • xx. 10, [95];
    • ibid. 13-15, [96].
  • Num. xi. 5, [174].
  • Deut. xix. 15, [102];
    • xxi. 17, [90];
    • xxiv. 1, [87].
  • Josh. v. 15, [10].
  • Judg. xiv. 12, [466].
  • Ruth ii. 14, [133].
  • 2 Sam. x. 4, [23].
  • 1 Kings xviii. 12, [212].
  • 2 Kings ii. 9-16, [212];
    • ix. 30, [31];
    • xvii. 4-6, [212].
  • 2 Chron. xxxv. 25, [474].
  • Ps. lviii. 4 and 5, [352].
  • Eccles. x. 11, [352].
  • S. Song, passim, [412].
  • Isa. iii. 16, [529], [532];
    • ibid. 21, [531];
    • ibid. 23, [39];
    • xlix. 22, [44].
  • Jer. viii. 17, [352];
    • ix. 17, [474];
    • xxii. 14, [11];
    • xxxvii. 21, [291].
  • Ezek. ix. 2, [3], and 11, [26];
    • xvi. 12, [531];
    • xxiii. 40, [31].
  • Matt. ix. 23, [474];
    • xiv. 6 and 7, [349];
    • xxiii. 29, [220];
    • xxvi. 23, [133].
  • Mark vi. 22 and 23, [349];
    • vii. 3, [130].
  • John iii. 33, [26];
    • vii. 15, [436];
    • viii. 4 and 5, [95];
    • xiii. 26, [133].
  • Acts xv. 20 and 29, [501].
  • 1 Cor. xi. 10, [39].
  • Eph. v. 19, [465].
  • Rev., passim, [55].
• Scriptures, Jewish and Christian, held, by the Muslims, to be almost totally corrupted, [54].
• Sculptors. See [Painters].
• Seal-rings, [26].
• Sebeels, or public fountains, [48], [119], [263].
• Sebhah, [67], [403];
  • ceremony of the, [486].
• Sebleh, [37].
• Sebt en-Noor, [452], [500].
• Sects of Muslims, four great, [52], [106].
• Seega, [318], [320].
• Seemiya, [242], [243].
• Seeneeyeh, or sáneeyeh, [130].
• Seeret Aboo-Zeyd, etc. See [Aboo-Zeyd], [Ez-Záhir], [’Antar], and [Delhem’eh].
• Seewán, [408].
• Seggádeh, [59], [127], [173], [221], [289].
• Sehr, [243].
• Sekeeneh, the seyyideh, [217].
• Selám to the Prophet, [71], [72], [441].
• Selámát, [181].
• Sensuality of the Egyptians, [274].
• Sermon in a mosque, [73].
• Serpents, eating of, [220], [222], [419].
• Serpent-charmers, [222], [352].
• Servants, [23], [113], [121], [140], [182], [183], [443];
  • female, [170].
• Seven Sleepers, virtues of the names of the, [228].
• Seyf Zu-l-Yezen, romance of, [381].
• Seyfee, [301].
• Seyrefee, [245].
• Seyyib, [146].
• Seyyid, or Seyd, [120];
  • Ahmad El-Bedawee. See [Ahmad]; and for other seyyids, see their proper names.
• Seyyideh Zeyneb. See [Zeyneb]; and for other seyyidehs, see their proper names.
• Seyyidna, [53].
• Shaaban, [199];
  • Leylet en-Nusf min, [435].
• Shaaráweeyeh darweeshes, [222].
• Shádoof, [300].
• Sha’eer, [525].
• Sha’eereeyeh, [358].
• Shá’ers, [333], [360].
• Sháfe’ee, the Imam Esh-, his tomb, [217], [218];
  • his Moolid, [434].
• Sháfe’ees, [52], [106].
• Sháhad, use of this word, [272].
• Sháh-bandar, [100].
• Shahháteh, [237].
• Sháhids of the Kádee’s court, [102];
  • of biers, and of tombs, [480], [484].
• Sháleesh, [433].
• Shara Allah, [164].
• Sharákee, [301].
• Sharbát, [137].
• Sharbetlee, [294], [297].
• Sháteh, [521].
• Shaving the head, etc., [23], [44].
• Shawáteh, [521].
• Sháweesh, el-Hágg, [399].
• Sházilees, [224].
• Shealeg’ee, and Shealeh, [108].
• Shedd el-weled, [473].
• Sheddeh benád’kah, [530].
• Sheeh, [231].
• Sheehah, [380].
• Sheera, [306].
• Sheesheh, [124].
• Shemm en-Neseem, [452], [453].
• Shemmás, [494].
• Shems el-Kebeereh (Esh-), [220].
• Sherbet, [137];
  • cups, or kullehs, [137], [297].
• Shereefs, [25], [120], [128], [221].
• Sheykh, [29], [48], [120], [128], [209];
  • former and present condition of a literary, [193];
  • of each of the four great sects, [106];
  • el-Hárah, [113];
  • et-Tumn, [113];
  • of a trade or manufacture, [113];
  • of servants, [113];
  • of thieves, [113];
  • el-Beled, [114];
  • el-Bekree, [221];
  • es-Sádát, [221];
  • of darweeshes, [221], [223].
• Sheytánee, [242].
• Shibr, [533].
• Shibreeyeh, [402].
• Shibuk, [122].
• Shibukshee, [294].
• Shiftish’eh, [509].
• Shiháb, [204].
• Shinnáweeyeh darweeshes, [222].
• Shintiyán, [35].
• Shitawee, [301].
• Shiya’ees, [52].
• Shóbash, [464].
• Shoes taken off before entering a mosque, or stepping on a mat or carpet, etc., [10], [71], [292].
• Shoosheh, [24].
• Shops, [290], [291], [517].
• Showwál, [199].
• Shureyk, [443].
• Sidr, [435], [475].
• Silk clothing forbidden to men, [24].
• Silver. See [Gold].
• Siráfeh, [469].
• Sirát (Es-), [54].
• Sitt, [120].
• Slaughtering of animals for food, how performed, [83].
• Slaves, [19], [85], [88], [121], [141], [160], [161], [168], [177];
  • emancipation of, [89], [169];
  • rights of, [89], [170].
  • See [Memlooks].
• Slave-traders. See [Gellábs].
• Sleeping, [139].
• Smoking, [121], [123], [171], [175].
• Sneezing, custom observed on, [186].
• Social usages, [179].
• Soil of Egypt, [286], [300];
  • produce of the, [20], [301];
  • insufficient cultivation of the, [19], [20].
• Sóms, or fasts, of the Copts, [499].
• Songs, [257], [336];
  • at zikrs, [411].
• Soobiya, [298].
• Sooks, [291], [293], [517].
• Soul, state of the, between death and the judgment, [485], [486].
• Star, falling or shooting, superstition respecting, [204].
• Strabo referred to, [48].
• Strangled animals, their flesh unlawful as food to the Muslims, [82];
  • and to the Copts, [501].
• Streets of Cairo, [4], [291], [517].
• Students. See [Azhar].
• Subh, [60].
• Subooa after a birth, [362], [466], [467];
  • after a marriage, [466];
  • after return from pilgrimage, [403].
• Sudeyree, [24].
• Suffeh, [10].
• Suflee, [242].
• Sufrah, [130].
• Suleymán, preadamite kings so named, [204];
  • A’gha, Silahdár, anecdote of, [114].
• Sultán, a title given to some eminent saints, [399].
• Sunnees, [52].
• Sunneh, [60], [84].
• Superstitions, [194], [202], [226], [453], [467], [471].
• Surgery, [198].
• Surnames, [43], [115].
• Swearing by God, the Prophet, etc., [23], [37], [102], [256], [283].
• Swine’s flesh forbidden to the Muslim, [82];
  • not eaten by the Copts, [501].
• Sword used by the Khateeb on Friday, and why, [72], [73].
• Syrians in Egypt, their number, [19].

• Táb, game of, [317].
• Tabbákh, [94].
• Tabls, [333].
• Tablat el-musahhir, [440].
• Táboot, [216], [301].
• Tafaddal, [131].
• Tágir, [293].
• Tá-Há, a name of the Arabian Prophet, [387].
• Tákeeyeh, [25].
• Takhtabósh, [11].
• Takht’rawán, [402].
• Talák reg’ee, [87].
• Talkeen of the dead, [484].
• Tamboor, [332].
• Tár, [173], [334], [474].
• Taráweeh prayers, [439].
• Tarboosh, [25], [289].
• Tareekah, [209].
• Tarhah, [37], [39].
• Tarkeebeh, [216], [484].
• Tarskháneh, [100].
• Tartoor, [223].
• Tattooing, [24], [33], [491].
• Táwulah, [315].
• Taxes, [117], [119], [501].
• Tayemmum, [59].
• Tebweez, [316].
• Teeb. See [Táb].
• Teen meblool, [297].
• Teiyibeen, [181], [183].
• Tekbeer, [63], [482].
• Tekleel, [504].
• Tekyees, [301].
• Temperance of the Egyptians, [269].
• Temperature of the climate of Egypt, [2].
• Tesbeel, [297].
• Testimony. See [Witnesses].
• Teymeeneh, [181].
• Tezyeereh, [37].
• Theatrical performances in London, described by an Algerine, [206].
  • See [Farce-players].
• Theft, laws respecting, [94].
• Thieves, [113].
• Thousand and One Nights referred to, [109], [136], [203], [275], [303], [413];
  • recitations of the, [381].
• Tikkeh. See [Dikkeh].
• Tirmis, [94].
• Tób, [37], [41].
• Tobacco, [124], [175], [303];
  • disallowed by some Muslims, [82], [98];
  • when first introduced into the East, [303].
• Tók, [531].
• Tombs, [162], [443], [451], [483], [488].
• Toobeh, [200].
• Toot, [199].
• Tooth-ache prevalent in Egypt, [23].
• Trades, [293];
  • sheykhs of, [113];
  • customs on admission into, [472].
• Tradesmen, [138], [292].
• Traditions of the Prophet, [84].
• Treasure, custom of hiding, [16], [282].
• Tribes of Egyptian peasantry, [22], [178].
• Tufeylees, [268].
• Tukeyseh, [335].
• Tumbák, [124].
• Turban, [25], [28], [29];
  • different colours of, distinguishing different classes, [28], [491], [493], [509], [510], [512];
  • green, when first assumed by shereefs as distinctive of their race, [28];
  • black and blue, when first worn by Christians, [509];
  • of the ’Ulama, [28];
  • much respected, [28];
  • ladies’, [37].
• Tureiya, [148].
• Turks. See ’Osmánlees.
• Tyranny of officers of the government, [111], [112], [114], [115].

• Ukeeyeh, [534].
• Ukkah, [534].
• ’Ulama, [28], [106], [192], [196];
  • bribed in law proceedings, [104].
• Unbelievers, Muslims ordered to wage war with, [81], [255];
  • Muslims in Egypt often taught to hate, [48], [255], [536];
  • general conduct of Muslims to, [99], [255].
• Urquhart, Mr., referred to, [45], [81], [95], [140].
• Uskuf, [493].
• Usury forbidden, [84].

• Veil, head-, [37], [39];
  • face, [37], [39], [159];
  • antiquity of the, [39];
  • importance and obligation of the, [42], [44], [160];
  • men in whose presence it is not required, [86], [160], [161], [162].
• Vermin, [3], [140].
• Villages, [18].
• Visits, [182], [443], [451];
  • of women, [172], [173].

• Wahhábees, or Wahabees, [97].
• Wakf, [119].
• Wálee, [107].
• Wa-llah, or wa-lláhi, [256].
• War against unbelievers, [81], [259].
• Warak mahshee, [133].
• Washing before and after meals, [130], [135];
  • clothes, [272].
• Watchmen in Cairo, [108], [262].
• Water of the Nile, [1], [135];
  • gratuitous distribution of, [297];
  • -bottles, [135];
  • -carriers. See [Sakkas].
• Watwát, [35].
• Wefa en-Neel, or Wefa el-Bahr, [455], [458].
• Weights, [533].
• Wekálehs, [17], [290].
• Wekeel, [86], [145].
• Welees, [63], [194], [209], [243], [479].
• Weleeds, [55].
• Welwel’eh, [474].
• Weybeh, [533].
• Wilád el-layálee, [155].
• Wilwál, [474].
• Winds, hot, [2].
• Windows of lattice-work, [6-8];
  • of coloured glass, [14].
• Wine forbidden to Muslims, [82];
  • drunk in secret by many persons, [82], [136];
  • by some openly, [82];
  • allowed in paradise, [55].
• Wird es-sahar, [224].
• Witnesses, [88], [102].
• Wives, lawful number of, [85];
  • their rights to dowry, etc., [86];
  • with regard to the nurture of their children, [88];
  • rebellious, law respecting, [88];
  • their feelings with regard to the restraint or seclusion to which they are subject, [163], [281].
  • See [Marriage], [Divorce], and [Adultery].
• Women not destitute of souls, nor excluded from paradise, according to the Muslims, [55];
  • not admitted into mosques during the regular times of prayer, [69];
  • seldom pray even at home, [69];
  • whom a man is allowed to see unveiled, [86], [160], [168];
  • guilty of capital crimes, how put to death, [94];
  • when marriageable, [143];
  • their domestic life, condition, and habits, [159], [175].
  • See [Wives], [Hareem], and [Veil].
• Writing, manner of, and apparatus for, [49], [50], [190].
• Wudoó, [51], [56].
• Wukkah, and Wukeeyeh, [534].

• Yaakoobes, or Ya’ákibeh, [491].
• Yahood, [512].
• Yakhnee, [133].
• Yá Sátir, [162].
• Yá-Seen, a name of the Arabian Prophet, [387].
• Yawning, custom observed on, [186], [187].
• Year, Mohammadan, [198];
  • Coptic, [199].
• Yelek, [35].
• Yemeneeyeh, [476].

• Zaaboot, [26].
• Zaatar, [122].
• Zábit, [99], [107], [108].
• Zaghábeh, [361].
• Zagháreet, [150], [151], [156], [479].
• Záhir (Ez-), romance of, [367].
• Záhireeyeh, [367].
• Záïrgeh, [239].
• Zarf, [125].
• Záwiyeh, [294].
• Záwiyet el-’Omyán, [193].
• Zebeeb, [137], [297].
• Zeffehs (festive parades or processions), i. [78], [150], [151], [153], [155], [157], [158], [469], [504].
• Zeiyát, [294].
• Zekah, [78], [392].
• Zemr, [333].
• Zemzem, water of, [237], [403].
• Zeyneb, seyyideh, mosque of, [217], [218], [430].
  • See [Moolid].
• Zikkeer, [410].
• Zikrs, i. 149, [220], [234], [258], [331], [336], [396], [423], [432], [439], [465];
  • particular descriptions of, [398], [409], [418], [420].
• Zináteeyeh, [361].
• Zóba’ah, [203].
• Zughbeeyeh, [361].
• Zu-l-Heggeh, [199].
• Zu-l-Himmeh. See [Delhem’eh].
• Zu-l-Kaadeh, [199].
• Zummárah, [336].