The following table exhibits the mortality prevalent amongst the different classes, partly mining and manufacturing, and partly agricultural, returned by the clerk of the Kendal union:—

No. of Deaths.Kendal Union.Average Age of Deceased.
52Gentlemen and persons engaged in professions, and their families45 years.
138Tradesmen and their families39
413Operatives, labourers, servants, and their families34

The following tables exhibit the results of such returns of mortality as have been made for quinquennial and decennial periods, from an examination of upwards of 25,000 cases for this inquiry. They show in the mean ratios for large numbers of the like class the steady influence of the different circumstances under which each class is placed. The labouring classes, it is generally known, become old the soonest, and the effects of the unfavourable influences in the adolescent and adult stages is shown in the smaller proportions who attain extreme old age, and also in the periods of the deaths of heads of families of this class, by which widowhood is produced. These last will be shown in subsequent tables.

Tabular Views of the Ages at which Deaths have occurred in Different Classes of Society.[[18]]
Classes.Total No. of Deaths under 20 Years of Age.Proportion of Deaths which occurred at the under-mentioned periods of Age.Proportion of Deaths under 20 Years to Total Deaths.
Between 0–5Between 5–10Between 10–20
Gentry and Professional Persons, Children of.
Manchester211 in 31 in 241 in 541 in 3
Leeds201 in 51 in 261 in 401 in 4
Liverpool611 in 31 in 111 in 231 in 2½
Bath321 in 111 in 121 in 311 in 4½
Bethnal Green331 in 51 in 201 in 131 in 3
Strand Union211 in 61 in 291 in 291 in 4
Kendal Union151 in 71 in 261 in 91 in 3
County of Wilts (Unions of)251 in 91 in 401 in 131 in 5
County of Rutland (Unions of)41 in 4 1 in 7
Total2321 in 51 in 191 in 191 in 3½
Farmers, Tradesmen, and Persons similarly circumstanced, Children of.
Manchester4441 in 21 in 181 in 271 in 2
Leeds4251 in 21 in 181 in 181 in 2
Liverpool1,0331 in 21 in 191 in 331 in 1¾
Bath781 in 41 in 241 in 301 in 3
Bethnal Green1421 in 21 in 201 in 281 in 2
Strand Union991 in 31 in 201 in 251 in 2
Kendal Union471 in 41 in 351 in 141 in 3
County of Wilts (Unions of)541 in 71 in 271 in 151 in 4
County of Rutland (Unions of)1741 in 31 in 301 in 171 in 3
Total2,4961 in 2¼1 in 201 in 231 in 2
Agricultural and other Labourers, Artisans, and Servants, Children of.
Manchester3,1061 in 21 in 221 in 191 in 1½
Leeds2,2451 in 21 in 141 in 141 in 1½
Liverpool4,0041 in 1½1 in 151 in 331 in 1¼
Bath5081 in 21 in 191 in 181 in 1¾
Bethnal Green9081 in 21 in 151 in 301 in 1½
Strand Union3671 in 21 in 141 in 231 in 2
Kendal Union1861 in 31 in 191 in 111 in 2
County of Wilts (Unions of)9541 in 31 in 211 in 141 in 2
County of Rutland (Unions of)2931 in 31 in 181 in 181 in 2¼
Total12,5711 in 21 in 171 in 201 in 1½
Classes.Total No. of Deaths between 20 and 60.Proportion of Deaths which occurred at the under-mentioned periods of Age.Proportion of Deaths from 20 Years to 60 to Total Deaths.
Between 20–30Between 30–40Between 40–50Between 50–60
Gentry and Professional Persons and their Families.
Manchester131 in 181 in 141 in 181 in 181 in 4
Leeds281 in 111 in 101 in 161 in 101 in 3
Liverpool341 in 461 in 151 in 231 in 91 in 4
Bath291 in 291 in 241 in 241 in 121 in 5
Bethnal Green211 in 251 in 171 in 251 in 141 in 5
Strand Union371 in 91 in 91 in 101 in 111 in 2¼
Kendal Union181 in 131 in 131 in 71 in 171 in 3
County of Wilts (Unions of)321 in 151 in 151 in 171 in 131 in 4
County of Rutland (Unions of)71 in 141 in 141 in 141 in 281 in 4
Total2191 in 171 in 141 in 161 in 121 in 4
Tradesmen, Farmers, &c.
Manchester2201 in 141 in 111 in 131 in 181 in 3¼
Leeds2381 in 121 in 141 in 141 in 191 in 3½
Liverpool4811 in 221 in 131 in 141 in 131 in 3½
Bath1091 in 111 in 71 in 91 in 91 in 2¼
Bethnal Green921 in 151 in 111 in 121 in 111 in 3
Strand Union711 in 161 in 221 in 101 in 91 in 3
Kendal Union431 in 81 in 141 in 171 in 171 in 3
County of Wilts (Unions of)651 in 221 in 141 in 101 in 121 in 3½
County of Rutland (Unions of)1081 in 151 in 161 in 191 in 191 in 4
Total1,4271 in 151 in 121 in 131 in 141 in 3½
Agricultural Labourers, Operatives, Servants, &c.
Manchester1,1491 in 161 in 141 in 181 in 171 in 4
Leeds7731 in 141 in 161 in 201 in 221 in 4½
Liverpool1,2051 in 171 in 181 in 171 in 241 in 4¼
Bath2581 in 121 in 141 in 131 in 171 in 3
Bethnal Green2281 in 181 in 231 in 211 in 311 in 5½
Strand Union2121 in 131 in 121 in 131 in 131 in 3
Kendal Union1131 in 131 in 141 in 181 in 141 in 3¾
County of Wilts (Unions of)4921 in 131 in 181 in 181 in 191 in 4
County of Rutland (Unions of)1571 in 121 in 181 in 181 in 271 in 4
Total4,5871 in 151 in 171 in 181 in 201 in 4
Classes.Total No. of Deaths which occurred above 60.Proportion of Deaths which occurred at the under-mentioned periods of Age.Proportion of Deaths above 60 to Total Deaths.
Between 60–70Between 70–80Between 80–9090 and upwards
Gentry and Professional Persons and their Families.
Manchester201 in 61 in 81 in 14 1 in 2¾
Leeds311 in 71 in 71 in 131 in 791 in 2½
Liverpool421 in 71 in 71 in 34 1 in 3¼
Bath851 in 51 in 61 in 51 in 1461 in 1¾
Bethnal Green471 in 61 in 51 in 91 in 1011 in 2
Strand Union281 in 71 in 91 in 221 in 861 in 3
Kendal Union191 in 171 in 71 in 61 in 521 in 2¾
County of Wilts (Unions of)621 in 51 in 41 in 121 in 1191 in 2¼
County of Rutland (Unions of)171 in 91 in 41 in 61 in 281 in 1¾
Total3511 in 61 in 61 in 101 in 1151 in 2¼
Farmers and Tradesmen, and Families.
Manchester611 in 211 in 381 in 1451 in 2421 in 12
Leeds1611 in 131 in 121 in 341 in 8241 in 5
Liverpool2241 in 161 in 221 in 511 in 8691 in 8
Bath571 in 91 in 121 in 401 in 1221 in 4¼
Bethnal Green441 in 131 in 151 in 931 in 2781 in 6¼
Strand Union511 in 91 in 131 in 22 1 in 4¼
Kendal Union481 in 61 in 101 in 13 1 in 3
County of Wilts (Unions of)991 in 71 in 61 in 101 in 311 in 2¼
County of Rutland (Unions of)1681 in 81 in 71 in 91 in 901 in 2¾
Total9131 in 121 in 141 in 291 in 1221 in 5
Agricultural Labourers, Operatives, Servants, &c.
Manchester3741 in 201 in 431 in 1491 in 7721 in 12⅓
Leeds3771 in 201 in 231 in 621 in 4851 in 9
Liverpool3851 in 271 in 471 in 1021 in 18651 in 15
Bath1301 in 161 in 191 in 451 in 1491 in 6¾
Bethnal Green1221 in 211 in 281 in 971 in 4191 in 10¼
Strand Union951 in 121 in 231 in 841 in 2251 in 7
Kendal Union1141 in 111 in 91 in 151 in 2071 in 3¾
County of Wilts (Unions of)6151 in 111 in 91 in 111 in 1081 in 3½
County of Rutland (Unions of)2271 in 101 in 81 in 101 in 751 in 3
Total2,4391 in 181 in 231 in 431 in 3381 in 8

On comparing the proportion of deaths amongst all classes between one district and another, as well as between class and class, the general influence of the locality becomes strikingly apparent. The difference of mortality between one large district of the metropolis and another is shown in the following tabular view, made up by Mr. Alexander Finlaison, from the superintendent-registrar’s weekly returns of the mortality prevalent in the chief registration districts of the metropolis during the different seasons of the year. But the extremes of difference are more strikingly exhibited in smaller districts:—

Table of the Comparative Mortality of the Five following Divisions of the Metropolis:—
Seasons.Weeks.West District.North District.Central District.East District.South District.Whole Metropolis.Deaths in the Four Seasons out of 10,000 Persons.
Winter132,1272,5883,0643,2273,54214,54878
Spring131,6112,0662,2642,2642,68210,88758
Summer131,4861,8172,0642,2202,45810,04554
Autumn131,5181,9592,1442,4762,65510,75257
Totals526,7428,4309,53610,18711,33746,232247
Population enumerated, 1841.300,705365,660373,806392,496438,0601,870,727
Deaths out of 10,000 inhabitants224231255260259247
No. of Inhabitants out of which 1 death happened44·6043·3839·2038·5338·6440,464

The West District comprises Kensington, St. George, Hanover Square, Westminster, St. Martin-in-the-Fields, St. James. The North District comprises St. Marylebone, St. Pancras, Islington and Hackney. The Central District comprises St. Giles and St. George, Strand, Holborn, Clerkenwell, St. Luke, East London, West Loudon, City of London. The East District comprises Shoreditch, Bethnal Green, Whitechapel, St. George-in-the-East, Stepney, Poplar. The South District comprises St. Saviour’s, St. Olave, Bermondsey, St. George, Southwark, Newington, Lambeth, Camberwell, Rotherhithe, Greenwich.

The female is most in the house; she is the most regular and temperate in her habits; the male is subject to the influence of his place of occupation—the operative to his workshop, the clerk to the counting-house, and the merchant to crowded places of business. In the following returns made up by Mr. Farr, and in others that will hereafter be cited, the mortality prevalent amongst the females is given separately, as probably indicating most correctly the operation of the noxious influences connected with the place of residence:—

Mean Annual Mortality of Females in the following Metropolitan districts in the two Years and a half ending 31st December, 1839:—