A First Book in Writing English - Edwin Herbert Lewis

Abbreviations, [41-42].
ability, capacity, [154].
abominate, [192].
Abridgment, [266-270].
Abstract, [266-270].
accept, except, [160].
acceptance, acceptation, [154].
access, accession, [154].
act, action, [155].
Adjective and noun, concord of, [48-49].
Adjective, singular, with plural noun, [49].
advance, advancement, [155].
affect, effect, [160].
African words, [185].
aggravate, irritate, tantalize, [161].
Agreement. See [Concord].
ain’t, [149].
alienate, antagonize, [162].
Alienism, [152], [153].
Allegory, [250].
allude, mention, [161].
alternative, choice, [155].
amateur, [152].
Ambiguity, [43], [233-234].
Americanisms, [153].
and, [97], [100].
Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes, [186-187].
Anglo-Saxon words, [182-183], [235-238].
antagonize, alienate, [162].
Apostrophe, the, [37].
apt, likely, liable, [167].
Arabic words, [185].
Argument, [280-282]:
proposition, [280];
exposition of terms, [281];
subjects for, [126-127], [281-282].
Arnold, M., [149].
around, round, [177, foot-note].
artiste, [153].
as ... as, [55].
Asterisks, [37].
Audience, necessity of, [10], [136-137], [141-142].
Authority, in choice of words, [147].
Authors, the best, [149].
autoharp, [153].
avocation, vocation, [156].
bad or badly, [57].
baggage, luggage, [148].
balance, remainder, [156].
Barbarisms, [151-153].
beau monde, [153].
Beauty of style, [229].
begin, commence, [162].
Bible, [212].
blickey, [147].
bogus, [175].
Brackets, [35].
bring, fetch, [162].
Briticisms, [153].
Bunyan, J., [212].
burglarize, [152].
but, [100].
c doubled in word, [17].
calculate, intend, [164].
can, may, [165].
capacity, ability, [154].
Capitals, rules for, [21-23].
Case, government of, [53-54].
Cases, concord of, [52].
Chapter, [75].
character, reputation, [156].
Chinese words, [185].
Choice of words. See under [Words].
claim, assert, etc., [162].
Clauses, subordination of, [96-101].
Clearness, [43], [227-228], [251], [255].
Cleft infinitive, [46-47].
Climax, [112-113], [229].
Coherence, [44], [101-102].
Collective noun, [47].
Colon, [30-31].
combine (noun), [152].
Comma, [24-28];
with and, [84].
Comma-fault, [81].
commence, begin, [162].
Communication. See under [English, writing of].
compliment, complement, [156].
Composition. See [English, writing of].
Composition, whole. See [Theme].
Compound words, [14-15].
Concord, [47-53]:
of subject and predicate, [47-48];
of adjective and noun, [48-49];
of pronoun and antecedent, [49-52];
of cases, [52];
of tenses, [52-53].
Conjunction, [55], [56], [97], [99], [100].
continual, continuous, [167].
Correspondence, forms of. See [Letter-writing].
council, counsel, [157].
Courtesy in letters, [255-256].
Criticism:
by the instructor, [2-4];
by the class, [10].
Curious words, [191-192].
Dash, [31-32].
Deficiency of words, [233].
demean, [40, foot-note];
demean, degrade, debase, [162-163].
Description, [275-278]:
traveller’s view, [276];
by inventory, [276];
fundamental image, [276];
point of view, [277];
topics for themes, [277-278].
desire, want, wish, [167].
Diacritical marks, [150].
Dialogue, punctuation of, [34-35].
Dickens, C., [149].
Diction, 227. See also under [Words].
Dictionary, use of, [13-14], [150].
different than for different from, [56].
different to for different from, [56].
Digression:
in the sentence, [90-91];
in the paragraph or theme, [116-117].
discovery, invention, [157].
don’t, [153].
double entendre, [152].
drank and drunk, [63].
drive, ride, [163].
Dutch words, [185].
each as pronoun, [48].
effect, affect, [160].
either:
as distributive conjunction, [48];
as pronoun, [48];
either ... or, [48].
electrocution, [152].
else, a part of the noun, [63-64].
Emerson, R. W., [144].
eminent, imminent, immanent, [168].
Emotions, [228-229].
Emphasis, in the sentence, [110-112], [229].
Emphasis, punctuation for, [86-87].
endorse, approve, second, [163].
Endorsement, of theme, [2].
English, writing of, [5-11]:
as an art of communication, [5-6];
as a useful art, [7];
as a fine art, [7-9];
limitations, [9-10];
writing for an audience, [10-11].
enthuse (verb), [152].
entre nous, [153].
Errors, in themes, [1], [3].
Essay. See [Theme].
Etymology. See under [Grammar].
Euphony, [229].
every (pronoun), [48].
except, accept, [160].
exceptionably, [175].
Exclamation point, [35].
Exercises. See under [Subject].
Exposition, [279-280]:
explained, [279];
subjects for, [126], [127], [279-280].
falseness, falsity, [157].
faux pas, [153].
fetch, bring, [162].
Figures:
figurative uses of common words, [199-203], [246-253].
Fiske, J., [149], [266].
flexibone, [153].
flunk, [148].
Force, [228].
Formal letters, [255], [259-260].
French words, [184].
funny, odd, [168].
Gallicisms, [152].
General words, [238-243].
gent, [152].
Good usage, [150].
got, gotten, have, [163].
grade, gradient, [148].
Grammar, [43-73]:
to secure clearness, [43];
solecisms, [44];
coherence, [44-47];
concord, [47-53];
government, [53-54];
reference of pronouns, [54-55];
conjunctions and prepositions, [55-56];
use of adverb or adjective with verbs of sensation, etc., [56-58];
shall or will, [58-62];
matters of etymology, [63-64];
exercises, oral, [45-46], [53], [58], [61-62], [64-73].
Grammar. See also under [Punctuation].
Greek roots in English, [191].
Green, J. R., [149].
Growth:
of paragraph from root, [75];
of thought, [114].
guess, think, reckon, [163].
guillotine, [191].
Hawthorne, N., [149].
healthy, healthful, [168].
Hellenism, [152].
Holden, E. S., [197].
Hughes, T., [149].
Hyperbole, [248].
Hyphen, [14-15].
Ideas and words, [195-197];
ideas without words, [194].
ill (adjective or adverb), [57].
imminent, eminent, immanent, [168].
Improprieties, [154].
in, into, [169].
Indentation, [1], [129-130].
India, words from, [185-186].
Indian words (North American), [186].
infant, derivation of, [6].
Infinitive, cleft. See [Cleft infinitive].
Informal letters, [255], [260-261].
Interrogation point, [36].
invention, discovery, [157].
Inverted order, [104, foot-note], [110].
invite (noun), [152].
Italian words, [184].
Italics, [36-37].
James, H., [149].
Janus-clause, [46].
Jefferson, J., [137].
Keller, H., [194].
Language, English, formation of. See under [Vocabulary, sources of].
Language, study of, [5-7].
Language, written. See under [Rhetoric].
last, latest, [169];
last, preceding, [169].
Latin constructions. See [Latinisms].
Latin element, [188-191]:
words transferred to English, [188-189];
prefixes and suffixes, [189];
roots, [189-191].
Latin words, [181], [188-189], [190-191].
Latinisms, [50-51], [152].
lay, lie, [164].
let, [148];
let, leave, [164].
Letter-writing, [255-261]:
use of capitals, [22];
why important, [255];
business letters, [255-258];
petition, [258-259];
formal social letters, [259-260];
personal or informal letters, [260-261];
exercises, [258-259], [259-260], [261].
liable, likely, apt, [167].
lie, lay, [164].
like, [56].
limit, limitation, [157].
litterateur, [153].
loan, lend, [165].
Localisms, [147].
locate, settle, [164].
Loose sentence, [102-103], [106], [109].
lot, [175].
luggage, baggage, [148].
mad, angry, [169].
majority, plurality, [158].
Malaprop, Mrs., [195].
Malayan words, [186].
managerial, [152].
Manuscript:
preparation of, [1-2];
once written “solid,” [23].
may, can, [165].
Memorizing of literature, [212];
of proverbs, [213].
mention, allude, [161].
Metaphor, [249].
Metonymy, [250].
Mexican words, [186].
most, almost, [169].
motorneer, [151].
mutual, common, [169].
Narration, [271-275]:
historical narrative, [271];
fiction, [271];
choice of details, [272];
plot, [272-273];
complex incident, [275];
exercises, [272-273];
themes, [273-274], [275].
Nation, The, [266].
National usage, [148].
neither, as distributive conjunction, [48];
as pronoun, [48];
neither ... nor, [48].
nom de plume, [152].
none, [48].
Norman genitive, [63].
Norman-French words, [184].
Norse words, [183].
Note-book, need of, [4], [14], [199], [262-263].
Noun and adjective, concord of, [48-49].
Number of words. See [Words, right number and skilful choice of].
O, in apostrophe, [35].
Observation, how sharpened, [277].
observation, observance, remark, [158].
Oh, punctuation of, [35].
Omission of words. See [Words, omission of].
one’s self, [14].
only, and not only, [45-46].
onto, [175];
onto, upon, [153].
oral, verbal, [170].
Orthoëpy. See [Pronunciation].
Orthography. See [Spelling].
Outline of theme, [130], [138-139].
pants, [152].
Paragraph, division of. See under [Sentence].
Paragraph:
indented, [1];
growth of, from root, [75];
History of the English paragraph, [114, foot-note];
nebulæ of, [116];
planning of, [117];
kinds of, [120-124];
expanding of one into several, [128-131].
Parkman, F. W., [149], [266].
part, portion, [159].
Participle:
unrelated, [49];
misrelated, [49];
in place of verbal noun, [49].
party, person, [158].
Periodic sentence, [103-106], [109-110];
defined, [104];
use of, [104];
abuse of, [104], [106].
permit, permission, [153].
Persian words, [186].
person, party, [158].
Personification, [250].
Petition, form of, [258-259].
photo, [152].
Planning, of theme, [114], [133-136];
of paragraph, [117].
plurality, majority, [158].
Plurals and singulars, [15].
point of view, [153].
Possessive, how formed, [15], [63].
posted, informed, [170].
practicable, practical, [171].
Predicate and subject, concord of, [47-48].
predominant, prominent, [159].
Prefixes and suffixes:
Anglo-Saxon, [186-187];
Latin, [189].
Preposition, [55-56].
Present usage, [148].
preventative, [152].
Prof., [152].
Prolixity, [229-231].
Pronoun:
neutral, [50];
indefinite, [50];
reference of, [54];
concord of, with antecedent, [49-52].
Pronunciation:
importance of, [18];
list of words mispronounced, [19-20].
propose, purpose, [165].
proved, proven, [165].
Proverbs, [213-215].
Provincialisms, [147].
Punctuation, [21-42]:
disjunctive, [21], [84];
capitals, [21-23];
reasons for punctuation, [23-24];
comma, [24-28];
semicolon, [29-30];
colon, [30-31];
dash, [31-32];
quotation marks, [33-35];
brackets, [35];
exclamation point, [35];
interrogation point, [36];
italics, [36-37];
apostrophe, [37];
asterisks, [37];
abbreviations, [41-42];
punctuation for emphasis, [86-87];
exercises, oral, [29-30], [38-39];
exercises, written, [23], [27-28], [32-33], [36], [39-41].
quite, somewhat, very, rather, entirely, wholly, [171].
Quotation marks, [33-35].
Quotation, rhetorical, [22].
radiograph, [152].
Reading:
oral, [12-13];
care in, [203-211].
real, really, extremely, [171].
recipe, receipt, [159].
reckon, guess, think, [163].
Relative clause, restrictive and non-restrictive, [26], [27].
relative, relation, [159].
reportorial, [152].
Reproduction, [262], [270]:
literal reproduction, [262-266];
summary, abstract, abridgment, [266-267];
material for, [267-270].
reputation, character, [156].
residence, house, [159].
resurrectionists, [175].
Rhetoric, defined, [6]. See also under [English, writing of].
ride, drive, [163].
“Roentgen rays,” names for, [151].
round, around, [177, foot-note].
Ruskin, J., [212], [241].
Saxon genitive, [63].
scotograph, [152].
Self-expression, [5], [11].
Semicolon, [29-30], [84-85].
Sensation, verbs of, use with adjective or adverb, [56-57].
Sense impressions, [205].
Sentence, [74-95]:
part of the paragraph, [74-78];
long and short sentence, [78], [85];
sentence unity, [79-93];
unity of form, [79] (see also under [Sentence, well-knit]);
unity of substance, by excluding irrelevant ideas, [79-82];
by inclusion of all parts of an idea, [82-86], [88];
unity sacrificed for emphasis, [86-87];
seventeenth century paragraph, [88-90];
unity by keeping to the point, [90-91];
by supplying suppressed clauses, [92];
exercises, oral, [81], [85-86], [87], [90], [92-95];
exercises, written, [88-90].
Sentence, well-knit, [96-113]:
unity of form, [96-102];
complex, [97-98];
loose and periodic sentence, [103-110];
emphasis, [110-112];
climax, [112-113];
exercises, oral, [98], [100], [102], [104-106], [107-109], [111-112].
set, sit, [166].
sewage, sewerage, [160].
shadowgraph, [152].
Shakespeare, [200-201], [212], [253].
shall and will:
in direct discourse, [58-60];
in indirect discourse, [60-61];
in questions, [61].
showing up, [175].
shunting, switching, [147].
sideways for sidewise, [49].
Signs, for marking themes, [3-4].
Simile, [249].
Simplicity, [229], [244-246].
Singulars and plurals, [15].
site, situation, [160].
skiagraph, [152].
slick, [151].
so ... as, [55].
So construction, [99-100].
Solecism, [44].
some, somewhat, [172].
South American words, [186].
Spanish words, [184-185].
Specific words, [235-238].
Spelling, [13-20]:
practice in, [13-14];
of compound words, [14-15];
possessive, [15];
singulars and plurals, [15];
common errors, [16-17];
word-breaking, [17];
exercises, [16-18], [19-20].
spoonsful, [152].
spotted, [175].
standpoint, [153].
Stevenson, R. L., [149], [239].
stop, stay, [166].
Style, [227-229].
Subject and predicate, concord of, [47-48].
Subject, choice of, [136].
Subjects for themes. See [Theme].
Suffixes. See [Prefixes and suffixes].
Suggestive words, [229].
suicide (verb), [152].
Summary, [266-270].
Suppressed clause, [92].
Surplusage, [231-233].
switching, shunting, [147].
Syllables, joining of, [15].
Synecdoche, [248].
Synonyms, [215-225]:
a method of study, [217-220];
groups of, [220-225];
books of, [219], [220, foot-note]. (See also [154-180].)
Syntax. See under [Grammar].
Tenses, concord of, [52-53].
Teutonisms, [153].
Thackeray, W. M., [149], [196].
Theme:
errors in, [1], [3];
title, [2];
endorsement, [2];
revision and rewriting, [2], [13];
signs in correcting, [3-4];
organizing of, [114-146];
different ways of planning, [114];
growth of thought, [114-116];
unity, [116-117];
planning paragraph, [117];
topic sentence, [117-120], [123-124];
kinds of paragraphs, [120-123], [126], [127-128];
expansion, [128-133];
proportioning, [133-136];
choice of subject, [136-138], [141-143];
outline, [130], [138-139];
specimen theme, [139-141];
transitions between paragraphs, [143-144];
transitions between sentences, [144-146];
exercises, oral, [123-126], [133-135], [141-142], [145-146];
exercises written, [131], [135], [141], [142-143], [144];
themes, [126-128], [141-142].
Theme, subjects for, [34], [81-82], [88], [126-128], [129], [131-133], [135-136], [141-143], [263-266], [267-270], [277-278], [281-282].
those kind, [48].
Thought, growth of, [114].
Threads of narrative, [275].
Topic sentence, [117].
Transitions, between paragraphs, [143-144];
between sentences, [144-145].
Translation, [211].
transpire, happen, [166].
Trope, [247].
Uniformity of sentence structure, [101-102].
Unity of form, in sentence, [79], [96-102].
Unity of substance:
in sentence, [74-95];
in theme, [116].
unless, without, [172].
Usage:
national, [147-148];
reputable, [148];
present, [148];
good, [150].
Variety:
of words, [226];
as an element of beauty, [229].
verbal, oral, [170].
Verbosity, [233].
Vocabulary, mastery of a writing, [194-226]:
ideas without words, [194];
words without ideas, [194-195];
ideas and words, [195-197];
the two vocabularies, [197-199];
vocabulary book, [199];
figurative use of common words, [199-203];
value of careful reading, [203-211];
contributions from other studies, [211];
translation, [211];
memorizing of literature, [212-213];
English proverbs, [213-215];
synonyms for adjectives of praise, [216];
danger of bookish words, [216-217];
a method of study, [217-220];
groups of synonyms, [220-225];
variety, [226];
exercises, oral, [216], [218-219], [220];
written, [202-203], [218], [219-220], [225-226].
Vocabulary note-book, [4], [199], [262].
Vocabulary, sources of the English, [181-193]:
historical sketch, [181-186];
Anglo-Saxon prefixes and suffixes, [186-187];
Latin element, [188];
Latin words transferred to English, [188-189];
Latin prefixes and suffixes, [189];
Latin roots in English, [189-191];
Greek roots in English, [191];
curious words, [191-192];
written exercise, [192-193].
Vocative words, punctuation of, [25].
Vulgarisms, [149].
walkist, [152].
want, wish, desire, [167].
well (adjective or adverb), [57].
West India words, [186].
wheatena, [153].
will and shall. See [Shall and will].
wish, want, desire, [167].
with, introducing parenthetical clause, [47].
without, unless, [172].
Word-breaking, [17].
Words, correctness in choice of, [147-180]:
authority, [147-150];
provincialisms or localisms, [147];
national usage, [147-148];
present usage, [148];
reputable usage, [148-149];
vulgarisms, [149];
good usage, [150];
dictionary, [150];
barbarisms, [151-153];
alienisms, [152-153];
improprieties, [154];
choice of nouns, [154-160];
verbs, [160-167];
adjectives and adverbs, [167-172];
exercises, oral, [172-174], [175-177], [178-180].
Words, figurative use of common. See [Vocabulary].
Words, lists of:
incorrectly spelled, [16-17];
compound, [14-15];
mispronounced, [18-19];
Latin, [181-182], [188-189], [190-191];
Celtic, [182];
Anglo-Saxon, [182-183];
Norse, [183];
Italian, [184];
Spanish, [185];
Dutch, [185];
African, [185];
Arabian, [185];
Chinese, [185];
India, words from, [185-186];
Malayan, [186];
Persian, [186];
North American Indian, [186];
Mexican, [186];
West Indian, [186];
South American, [186];
Greek, [191];
curious, [191-192];
adjectives, [203];
synonyms, [220-225].
Words, omission of, [55], [92], [234-235].
Words, right number and skilful choice of, [227-253]:
as affecting clearness, [227-228];
force, [228-229];
beauty, [229];
prolixity, [229-231];
surplus of, [231-232];
deficiency of, [233-235];
specific words, [235-238];
general words, [238-245];
ambiguous words, [243-244];
simple words, [244-246];
literal and figurative words, [246-253];
exercises, [232-233], [235], [237-238], [241-243], [243-244], [245-246], [253-254].
Words without ideas, [194-195].
Writing vocabulary. See [Vocabulary].

INDEX OF AUTHORS QUOTED

Aiken, C., [18].
Bainton, G., [244, foot-note].
Baker, G. P., [270, foot-note].
Bardeen, C. W., [44].
Bartlett, J., [201, foot-note].
Beecher, H. W., [75], [253].
Bible, [107].
Bigelow, N. T., [15].
Blackmore, R. D., [193], [205], [206].
Brookings, W. D., and Ringwalt, R. C., [269, foot-note].
Browning, R., [135].
Bryant, W. C., [275, foot-note].
Buck, G., [114, foot-note].
Burke, E., [145], [267].
Carlyle, T., [201-205], [253].
Carpenter, G. R., [3, foot-note]; [48], [211, foot-note]; [238-239];
and Fletcher, J. B., [281, foot-note].
Chesterfield, P. D. S. (4th earl), [151], [179].
Choate, R., [211].
Cholmondeley, T., [261].
Clarendon, E. H. (1st lord), [89-90].
Coleridge, S. T., [76-77], [136].
Cook, A. S., [212, foot-note].
Defoe, D., [89].
De Quincey, T., [78].
Dickens, C., [276].
Drayton, M., [136].
Eliot, George, [243].
Emerson, R. W., [34], [77], [121-122], [240].
Fallows, S., [220, foot-note].
Fernald, J. C., [219], [220, foot-note].
Fiske, J., [101].
Gaskell, Mrs., [177-179].
Genung, J. F., [109, foot-note].
Goethe, [35].
Hale, E. E., Jr., [240, foot-note].
Hall, S., [ix., foot-note].
Hart, J. M., [257, foot-note].
Hawthorne, N., [105-106], [276].
Hazlitt, W., [213, foot-note].
Hill, A. S., [164, foot-note]; [199], [211].
Holmes, O. W., [75-76].
Homer, [275, foot-note].
Howells, W. D., [200].
Hughes, T., [64-71].
Huxley, T. H., [108].
Irving, W., [124-126].
James, H., [196], [243].
James, W., [255, foot-note].
Johnson, S., [122-123], [192-193].
Jowett, B., [144].
Keats, J., [240].
Keller, [194, foot-note].
Lamb, C., [39-41].
Lanier, S., [107].
Lewis, E. H., [114, foot-note].
Lincoln, A., [133-134].
Longfellow, H. W., [22], [136].
Lowell, J. R., [136], [231].
Macaulay, T. B., [107], [118-119].
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See also bibliography, [263-270].

EXERCISES IN RHETORIC
AND
ENGLISH COMPOSITION.

BY
GEORGE R. CARPENTER,
Professor of Rhetoric and English Composition, Columbia College.

HIGH-SCHOOL COURSE. SEVENTH EDITION.
16mo. Cloth. Price 75 cents, net.

ADVANCED COURSE. FOURTH EDITION.
12mo. Cloth. Price $1.00, net.

“This work gives the student the very gist and germ of the art of composition.”—Public Opinion.