James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

by Edwin James; Stephen H. Long; Thomas Say

Simultaneous meteorological observations were made at Germantown, near Philadelphia, by Mr. Reuben Haines; from which the average temperature of that place during several months has been deduced and inserted for the sake of comparison, in the following tables.

Observations on the state of the weather were regularly made during the whole term of the expedition, but being too voluminous to be inserted in the work, it was thought best to select those of an entire year and reject the remainder.

{xliv} Meteorological Register {xlv} for the Month of JUNE, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	68	N.W.	76	N.N.W.	77	W.	73	—	Windy during the day	29.40	29.26	29.32	Fair	—	Cs, Cms,	—	—
2	65	Calm	77	W.N.W.	75	N.W.	72	—		29.36	29.17	29.31
3	65	Calm	82	S.E.	80	S.S.E.	75	—		29.41	29.26	29.20
4	72	Calm	83	Sy.	81	S.	78	68		29.32	29.16	29.17
5	73	S.	85	S.E.	83	Sy.	80	—		29.25	29.10	29.18
6	73	Calm	85	S.E.	84	E.S.E.	80	79		29.29	29.15	29.16
7	79	S.W.	85	S.W.	84	Sy.	82	79		29.24	29.19	29.19
8	78	S.S.W.	83	S.S.W.	83	S.	81	—		29.20	29.15	29.16
9	75	S.W.	85	S.W.	80	W.S.W.	80	—		29.18	29.20	29.15
10	68	S.E.	83	E.S.E.	75	S.E.	75	71		29.28	29.21	29.20
11	64	S.S.E.	76	W.N.W.	72	N.W.	70	69	Thunder shower before daylight this morning	29.15	29.16	29.18
12	66	N.N.E.	73	N.N.W.	73	N.N.W.	70	69		29.36	29.27	29.28
13	68	Calm	78	S.S.E.	72	S.S.W.	72	—		29.40	29.26	29.20
14	72	S.E. by E.	81	S. by E.	80	S.	77	65		29.29	29.16	29.15
15	77	S. by E.	84	E.	75	S.	80	—	Violent thunder gust commenced at 6 P.M. and continued till 7	29.21	29.22	29.23
16	72	S.E.	84	Calm	86	Calm	77	71	Sultry	29.26	29.21	29.18
17	80	Calm	87	Calm	86	Calm	84	76	Sultry	29.22	29.17	29.14
18	80	Calm	86	N.W. by N.	81	N.W.	82	79	Light breezes. Thermometer at 88½ at 11 o'clock, A.M.	29.16	29.13	29.14
19	69	N.E. by N.	74	N. by E.	73	N. by E.	72	78	Light breezes	29.29	29.27	29.14
20	66	W.S.W.	81	W.	80	Calm	75	68	Light breezes	29.35	29.22	29.20
21	70	S.W.	83	N.W.	83	N. by W.	78	71	Light breezes	29.21	29.16	29.11						—
22	70	E. by S.	83	E.N.E.	84	Calm	79	—	Light breezes	29.22	29.19	29.13	Cs,	—	Cs. Cm,	—	Cs.	—
23	72	Calm	82	E.S.E.	82	S.	78	—	Light breezes	29.20	29.17	29.09	Fair	—	Cms.	—	Cms,	—
24	71	Calm	84	Calm	86	S.W.	80	70	Light showers of rain in the afternoon	29.24	29.18	29.14	Fair	—	Ns,	—	Ns,	—
25	75	Calm	85	N.E.	86	N.	82	69	Thermometer at 88 at 5 P.M. Light breezes. L. in evening	29.25	29.20	29.19	Fair	—	Cms,	—	Cm, Cml,	—
26	77	N.W.	84	S.	87	W.N.W.	82	68	Light and variable breezes	29.25	29.15	29.15	Fair	—	Cms, Cs.	—	—	—
27	70	N.W. by N.	84	N.N.E.	86	N.N.E.	80	73	Light breezes	29.29	29.09	29.10	—	—	—	—	—	—
28	75	Calm	83	S. by W.	86	E.	81	76	Light breezes	29.15	29.08	29.06	Fair	—	Cml,	—	Fair	—
29	71	Calm	88	N.W.	89	N.W. by W.	82	—	Strong breezes	29.04	28.90	28.87	Cs.	—	Fair	—	Cml,	W.
30	74	N.W.	81	W.N.W.	78	S.W. by S.	77	77	Strong gales of wind last night and also during this day	29.00	28.99	29.00	Fair	—	Cm.	—	Cm, Cm,	—

{xlvi} Meteorological Register {xlvii} for the Month of JULY, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	69	Calm	83	W.S.W.	83	Calm	78	—	Fresh gales in middle of the day	29.09	29.00	29.00	Cms,	—	Cml,	—	Cs.	—
2	71	Calm	74	W. by S.	80	N.E. by N.	75	—	Fresh gales in middle of the day	29.16	29.18	29.18	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
3	67	N.N.W.	80	N.W. by N	78	N.E. by E.	75	70	Fresh and variable brs.—night fair	29.33	29.20	29.20	Cs,	—	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
4	64	N.N.W.	81	E.S.E.	77	E.S.E.	74	70	Fresh breezes	29.39	29.20	29.20	Cm,	S.	Cm, & C,	S.	C, & Cs,	—
5	65	S.E. by E.	80	E. by N.	79	E.N.E.	74	69	Light breezes	29.25	29.08	29.07	Cmc.	—	Cm, Cms, Cs,	S.E.	Ns,	—
6	76	Calm	81	W.S.W.	84	E.N.E.	80	69	Freq. showers of R. during the day	29.07	29.05	29.06	Ns.	—	Ns,	—	Cms,	—
7	72	E.N.E.	86	N.W. by W.	86	S.E. by E.	81	65	Hard shower this forenoon	29.12	29.00	29.02	Cms, & Cs,	—	Cs, & Cms,	—	Cm, & Cs,	—
8	76	Calm	90	S.W.	88	E.N.E.	84	67	Light brs.—mackerel sky in even.	29.04	28.96	28.96	Cs,	E.	Cm. & Cs.	—	Cml,	—
9	78	E.N.E.	83	S.W. by S.	85	S.W.	82	77	Hard shower this forenoon. L. in the evening	29.04	29.00	28.98	Cs.	—	Cs. Cms,	—	Ns, Cms,	N.W.
10	80	W.S.W.	85	N.W.				79	Rained greater part of forenoon	28.99	29.05		Ns.	—	Cms.	—	Cs.	—
11	71	N.E.	85	N.W. by N.	82	S.W.	79	80	Fresh breezes this afternoon, N.N.W. horizon red after twilight. Lightning. Storm of wind	29.18	29.10	29.04	Cs.	S.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
12	76	Calm	87	N.W.	81	N.W. by N.	81	79	Lightning in the evening	29.00	28.97	29.04	Ns, Cs,	S.W.	Cs.	—	Ns.	N.
13	79	S.	85	W.	86	Calm	83	81	Thunder shower and heavy wind from from N.W. about 1 o'clock this morning—rain 1½ inches	29.07	29.00	29.03	Cs, Ns,	NW., NE.	Cms, Ns.	S.W.	Ns, Cs,	E.
14	77	W.S.W.	81	N.E.	82	Calm	80	78	Thunder showers and heavy wind this morning about 1 o'clk. rain ½ inch—noon L. ¼ inch rain	29.03	29.13	29.13	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns,	N.N.E.
15	75	W.S.W.	84	W.N.W.	82		80	81	Very light breezes	29.22	29.21	29.23	S.	—	Cs, Cm,	—	Cs,	—
16	69	W.N.W.	77	N.W.	76	N.N.W.	74	78	Very light breezes	29.27	29.27	29.25	C, Cs,	W.N.W.	Cms,	—	Cs,	—
17	54	N.N.E.	73	S.S.E.	72	N.W.	66	73	Very light breezes. Stratus at night	29.34	29.31	29.31	Cms,	—	Cms.	—	Cs,	—
18	54	N.W.	73	E. by N.	74	N.N.W.	67	70	Pleasant wea. Even. S. in N.E.	29.34	29.34	29.31	S.	—	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
19	54	N.N.E.	75	E.	76	S.S.E.	68	72	Pleasant weather	29.34	29.34	29.34	Cmc.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
20	64	S.E.	80	W.N.W.	73	E. by S.	72	72	Light breezes	29.34	29.30	29.24	Cs.	—	Cm, Cs,	—	Cs.	—
21	68	E. by S.	75	E. by S.	70	S.S.E.	71	72	Light breezes	29.21	29.15	29.15	Ns.	—	Ns, Cm,	S.W.	—	—
22	70	E.	80	S. by W.	77	S.E.	75	75	Fresh breezes. T. storm in even.	29.06	28.97	28.97	Ns.	S.	Cms, Cml,	—	Ns	S.W.
23	68	Calm	73	S.S.E.				75	Several showers of rain to-day. L. incessant in the evening	29.00	29.00		Ns.	—	Cs, Cml,	N.W., S.	Cm, Ns,	S.S.W.
24	72	Calm	83	S.E.	82	N.E.	79	75	Fr. brs. T. storm with R. in even.	29.02	29.10	29.12	Cm, Cs,	—	Cms, Cs,	N.N.W.	Ns,	—
25	72	N.W. by N.	83	N.N.E.	80	N. by W.	78	76	Fresh breezes. Light rain this morning. L. in the evening	29.16	29.17	29.16	Cms,	N.N.W.	Cm,	N.N.W.	C,	N.W.
26	65	Calm	83	N.	72	W.	73	76	Fresh breezes	29.20	29.20	29.13	C, Cml,	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
27	64	N.W.	84	S.S.E.	75	E.S.E.	74	76	Thick fog over the river this morn.	29.13	29.13	29.06	S.	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
28	69	E.	86	S. by E.	84	N.E.	79	78	Strong breezes in the afternoon. Evening L. and shower at night	29.10	29.10	29.06	C,	—	Cms,	—	Cms,	—
29	72	E.N.E.	88	S.W. by S.	80	S.	80	77	Strong breezes	29.12	29.06	29.03	C,	N.	Cs, C,	—	Cs, Cms,	—
30	74	W.S.W.	89	E.S.E.	83	S.E. by E.	82	82	Moderate brs. Noon T. Even. L.	29.08	29.01	29.00	Ns.	—	Cms, Cml,	S.W.	Cms, Cs,	—
31	72	N.E. by N.	86	N.N.W.	82	E. by N.	80	86	Moderate breezes	29.00	28.90	28.88	Ns	—	Cms. Cs	N.E., S.W.	—	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—On the 7th, 170 miles from mouth of Missouri river at 9 o'clock, P.M. discovered a comet bearing nearly N.W. Observed its distance from North Star to be 49° 38´.—8th, 57 minutes past 8 P.M. observed distance of comet from North Star 48° 46´, bearing at same time N. 43°, W. Altitude 7°.

17th—Franklin, Missouri—Magnetic intensity 26 oscillations per minute. 28th—At our Camp—Magnetic intensity 25 oscillations per minute.