James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

by Edwin James; Stephen H. Long; Thomas Say

For the accuracy of the words in the following Vocabularies we have to rely upon the knowledge of the Indians or interpreters from whom we received them, having carefully noted them down on the spot, as they appeared to be pronounced. I have much pleasure in acknowledging the ready and important aid which I received from Mr. John Dougherty, at present Deputy Indian Agent for the Missouri; indeed, the Omawhaw, Shoshone and Upsaroka vocabularies are chiefly set down agreeably to his pronunciation.

The philologist will observe, that in these vocabularies, the guttural sound is indicated by a †, a nasal sound by an *, and a ‡ accompanying the letter j, shows that the French sound of that letter must be given to it.

T. SAY.

{lxx} VOCABULARY OF INDIAN LANGUAGES

	Wah-tok-ta-ta, or Oto Language	Konza Language	O-maw-haw Language	Sioux, (Yancton band,) Lang.	Min-ne-ta-re, or Gros ventre Language	Paw-ne Language	Chel-a-ke, or Cherokee Language
Head	na-so	ve-ach-re	pah	pah	an-too	pak-shu	is-ko
Hair	na-to	pa-heu	pa-he	pa-ha	ar-ra	o-shu	ka-tluh
Face	in-ja	in-da	e-ta	e-ta
Fore-head	pa	pah	pa	e-ta-ho	e-re	pak-she re	a-ga-ta-ga-nuh
Eye	ish-tah	ish-tah	ish-tah	ish-tah	ish-tah	ke-re-ko	a-ka-tuh
Nose	pa-so	pah	(same as head)	pa-so	a-pah	tshu-sho	col-yen-suh
Ear	nan-tois	nah-tah	ne-tah	nong-ko-pa	la-hoch-e	at-ka-ro	kad-la-nuh
Lip	e-ha	e-hah	e-hah {same e-hah {	e-ha			e-a-na-ga-luh
Mouth	e	yeh or eh		ee	e-eep-chap-pah	tska-o	a-ho-le
Chin	e-ko	egh	ra-ba-he	e-ko		ka-ka	kay-en-uh
Tooth	he	heh	ee	he	ee(teeth)	ha-ro	ky-to-ka
Tongue	ra-za	yaa-sah	they-se or tha-se	cha-dzhe	neigh-‡je	ha-to	ka-no-kuh
Beard	e-he	eh-hah-he	e-he	po-te-he	a-poo-te	ra-rosh	a-ha-no-luh
Neck	ta-sha	tah-heu	pa-he (same as hair)	ta-ho	a-peh	tshu-she-re	kit-sane or a-git-a-ga-nuh
Skin	ho-ha	whugh-hah	ha	ha	laugh-pa	ska-ret-ke	kan-a-guh
Arm	a-grat-che	ah	ah	is-to	arrough	pe-e-ru	kan-o-gan
Hand	na-wa	sha-geh	nom-ba	na-pa	shan-te	ik-she-re	o-woy-an-e
Fingers	no name for the fingers	sha-geh-hah	sha-ga	nap-cho-pa	shan-te-ich-po	hash-pet	ta-ka-ya-sut-enn
Nail	sha-ga	sha-geh-hu-hah	sha-ga-ha	sha-ka	ich-po	hash-pet	ka-so-kut-un
{lxxi} Leg	ho	sha-gah	naugh-pa-he	ho	eh-ta-whir-ta	kash-o	kun-uns-ka-nuh
Thigh	ra-ga	sha-gah-tun-gah	‡ja-guh	cha-cha	e-re-ke	pe-ka-ta-ko	ka-guh-lung
Foot	ce	seh	se	ce-ha	it-se	ash-o	la-sa-ta-nuh
Toes	no name for the toes collectively	se-hah	se-pa	ces-has-ta	it-se-shan-ke	ash-o-hash-pet	ta-ka-na-sut-uh
Copulation	wa-to		wat-che	tow-e-tong	e-e-pe
Penis	ra	shang-a	‡ja	cha	e-re	car-e-o	a-tuh
Vulva	o-ya		e-‡ja	so-so	sher-rah
Meat	ta-to-ka	ta-do-kah	ta-no-ka	ta-do	cu-ruc-tschit-te	ke-shat-ske	o-we-duh
Blood	wa-pa-ga	wah-pe	wa-me	oua	eh-re	ha-to	ke-kuh
Heart	nan-tcha	na-cha	naun-da	shan-ta	nah-tah	pet-so	o-noh-hwa
Bone	wa-ho	wa-heu	*y-he	ho, same as leg	e-rouh	ke-sho	ko-luh
Horn	cha-ha	hah	ha	heh or ha	an-‡je	are-ko	hu-lon-uh
Magician	wah-ho-ben-ne		ne-ka-shing-guh-ho-ba
Chief	wang-a-ge-he		ne-ka-ga-he
Man	wah-she-ga	ne-kos-shing-goh	no	we-cha-sha	mat-tza	tsa-e-ksh	ski-yuh
Old man	wa-sha-in-ga		ish-a-ga	we-chach-chah	e-tan-ca
Soldier	moi-a-ke-ta		wa-na-sha
Woman	nah-hak-ka	wa-kooh	wa-o	we-ah	me-ya	tsa-pat	ka-yuh
Old woman	na-ak-shin-ya		wa-o-‡jin-guh	wa-konk-ka	ga-no
Boy	chin-to-ing-ya	she-do-shing-goh	no-‡jing-ga	ho-ke-she-na	shi-kan-‡ja	pesh-ke	at-so-zuh
Friend	in-tar-ro		ca-ga
Girl	che-me-ing-ya	she-me-shing-goh	me-‡jing-ga	we-chin-cha-no	me-ya-kan-‡ja	tcho-ra-ksh	a-ga-hew-tzuh
Father	an-tcha	e-tah-cheh	da-da or da-da-ha	at-cu-cu	tan-ta	a-te-ash	a-to-tuh
{lxxii} Mother	e-hong, the mother	e-nah	e-hong, the mother	hu-co	e-ka	a-te-rah	a-tsing
Son	e-ing-ya, the son	(See Boy)	e-‡jing-ga, his son	che-het-co	mou-ri-sha	pe-rou-ta-ta	a-quat-se-at-su-tsuh
Daughter	e-ong-a, the daughter	(See Girl)	e-‡jong-ga, the daughter	we-tach-nong	ma-cath	tcho-ra-ge-la-ha	a-quat-se-a-ga-ho-tsuh
Pretty	o-com-pe		o-com-pe	o-yuk-co-pe	e-ta-suk-es
Ugly	o-com-pish-con-na		o-com-pe-a-‡ja	o-yuk-she-sha	e-ta-e-she-es
Child	che-ching-a	shing-goh-shing-goh	shinga-shinga	ok-che-cho-pa	man-on-gah, children	pe-rou	a-kah
Brother	e-ena, elder brother e-song-a, younger brother	wes-son-gah	we-son-gah, younger brother ‡je-na-ha, elder brother	ho-cowng-‡je-co-che-a, my elder brother	be-a-cah, elder Mat-tso-ga, younger	e-ra-re	a-ke-ne-le
Sister	e-tong-a, younger sister e-onuh, elder do	wet-ton-geh	toing-ga	tow-in-och-te	mat-to-me-ya elder, mat-tak-ke-e-‡je, younger	e-ta-†he	ang-ga-tuh
God	wah-con-dah— they call the thunder the same	wak-kon-doh	wah-con-da	wa-ca-tun-ca, the Great Spirit	man-ho-pa, Great Spirit	tlou-wa-hot, Master of Life	ka-long-la-te-e-geth-te-ra, the Great Spirit above
{lxxiii} Devil	wah-con-dah-pish-co-na, bad god	wok-kon-doh-pe-she, bad spirit	ish-ten-e-ke, bad spirit or witch	wa-con-she-cheh, bad spirit	no corresponding word	tsa-he-ksh-ka-ko-hra-wah, bad spirit	ske-nuh
Heaven	wah-noh-a-tche nuh, town of spirits	no corresponding word; wah-nahk-he-o-shonge-yah-re—road of the dead	wa-noch-a-te, town of brave and generous spirits	wan-ach-a-te-pa, house of spirits	a-pah-he, good village	tska-o, same as mouth	ka-lang-a-te
Hell	no name for this	no corresponding word in this language o-shon-geh-pe-she— bad road	wa-noch-a-tow-woin-pa-‡je, town of poor or useless spirits	no word for this	no corresponding word	ka-ko-hre-a-to-ro, bad road	tsens-ske-nuh
Heat	tah-an-ah	mos-cheh	on-a-bre	oh-de-de-ta	ar-rase	tou-ets-to	telh-kuh
Cold	sne	sne-wah-cheh	sne	sne	ce-re-a	ta-pech-e	uh-lan-nuh
Rain	ne-yu	ne-she-hue-ah	naun-she	ma-ha-‡jou	†har-a	tat-so-ro	a-ga-skuh
Snow	pah	pah-hue-ah	mah	wah	mah-pa	to-sha	an-tsink
Ice	no-ha†	nah-heh	no-ha	cha-†hah	me-†roh-†he	la-she-to	un-a-ster-lang
Hail	pa-so		ma-se	was-so	mah-pe-ich-te-et-snow large har-a-a-pa rain together		the same as ice
Summer	to-ka		no-gah	min-to-ca-to	ma-pus-a-gus	le-at	ko-ke
Winter	pa-ne		mah-ra-dong	wah-ne-ah-to	ma-la	pitsh-e-kat	ko-luh
Morning	ha-ro-tach-tche		cas-aht-te	he-han-na	ker-aug-co-tah	ka-ka-rush-ka	so-nah-leh
Evening	eh-ta-na		paz-za	eh-ti-a-to	oh-pah	wa-tate-kat-tate-ke-a	son-e-a-leh
{lxxiv} Day	hang-wa		om-bah	aung-pa	mah-pah, very like snow	shak-o-ro e-sharet	e-kum
Night	hang-ha		hon-da	haha-pe	oh-se-us	e-ra-shu-a-te	son-o-yeh
Sun	pe		me-na-ca-ja	oue	mah-pe-me-ne, sun of day	sha-ko-ro	na-toh
Moon	pe-tang-wa, sun that gives light		me-om-bah	ha-ya-to-we	oh-se-a-me-ne, sun of night	pa	as sun, dist. by adding night
Star	pe-kah-ha		me-ca-a	weh-chah-pe	e-kah	o-pe-ret	noh-kos-a
Earth	ma-ha		mon-e-ka	mong-ca	a-mah	o-ra-ro	ka-tun
Water	ne		ne	me-ne	me-ne	ket-so	a-muh, nearly the same as salt
Whiskey	pa-je-ne		pa-ge-ne
Medicine	man-cong		uc-cong
Mysterious medicine	wah-ho-ne-ta		†ho-ba
Fire	pa-ja		pa-da	pa-ta	be-ras	la-te-to	at-se-luh
Wood	na		‡jan	cha*	be-ra	la-gish, forest	at-uh
Tree	na-bo-shra-ja, standing wood		†her-a-ba-me	cha-on-ge-na, one wood alone	be-ra-ech-te-et		hu-kuh
Bean	o-ne		him-bar-rin-ga
Leaf	nah-wa		a-ba	wah†-pa	a-pa-bat-to-se	lets-ko-shu	u-guh-lo-kuh
Maize	wa-to-ja		wat-tan-ze
Pumpkin	wat-twoing		wat-tang
{lxxv} Bark	na-ha		‡joh-noh-hah	chang-ha	es-sche	la-vet-ta-te	u-tha-lu-kuh
Tobacco	ra-ne		ne-ne	chan-te	ow-pa
Hazlenuts	qua-ing-ya		*a-‡jin-guh
Hill	o-ha		pa-ha	†ha-a-ca	avo-ca-ve-car-ish-ta	pa-ho-ke-ve-to
Valley	a-bras-ka		o-‡je-nosh-ka	se-mong-ca	a-man-she-e-pe, a bushy ravine	la-kat-tosh, a ravine	oh-tat-luh
River	nesh-noug-a, running water		wa-tish-ka	wa-co-pa	an-ge	kat-tosh	ak-wo-ne
Spring	ne-wa-bru, water springing up		ne-hun-ga	cak-ce-za	ma-ha	kets-pa-le,	a-muk-a-nu-go-guh
Gelding	shong-a?		shong-ga-son-ga-en-ne	shon-ko-wa-cong	it-ze-mat-shu-ga
Horse	shong-to-ka?		shon-ga-tun-ga	shong-min-to-ca	an-‡ju-ca-ba-tu	a-ro-sha	tsa-wil-e
Mare	shong-ming-ya		shon-ga-min-ga	shong-we-a-nong	be-ca	a-sha-tsa-pat
Colt	shong-shing-ya		shon-to-‡jin-guh	shong-che-na	it-ze-bu-zu-ga-non-ga
Dog	shong-o-ka-ne, unmeaninghorse		she-no-ta	shon-ka	mat-shu-ga	a-sha-kish	ke-leh
Wolf	shong-tung		shong-tun-guh	shunk-to-ka-cheh	sa-‡ja
Fox	mes-ra-ka		ma-nik-o-shier	cha-to-ka-na	ih-hoc-ca-‡je
Bird	wa-ing-ya		wash-ing-guh	ze-ca-no	sa-can-ga	le-kot-ske	ses-quah
Turkey	wa-ek-kung-ja		ze-ze-kah
War eagle	he-ra		†he-ra-ska
Buck elk			om-pa-nu-gah	heh-ha-ka	ma-ron-ga-ca-re-pe
Doe			om-pa-min-gah	o-pong	ma-ron-ga-be-ca
{lxxvi} Egg	e-tcha	et-tah	wa-tuh	weet-ca ga	sa-can-ga-non-ko	le-kot-ske-pe-	o-a-teh
Buck deer			toch-ta-nu-gah	ta-min-do-ca	se-e-ka-tuc-ke
Doe			toch-ta-min-gah	ta-we-a-nong	se-e-ka-tuc-ke-be-ca
Fawn			toch-ta‡jinguh-hin-gara-‡ja	ta-che-cha-na	se-e-ka-tuc-ke-non-ga
Fish	ho	ho	ho-ho	ho-hung	bo-a	kat-tsche-ke	at-tsa-teh
Squirrel	ah-sin-ya		sin-guh
Prairie dog	man-ne-ho-ja	man-ne-†ho-da
Snake	wa-cong	vatz-ah	wais-uh	wam-dosh-ka	ma-buc-sha	lot-pat-set	e-nah-tah
Bison	cha	ta		ke-e-ra-pe
Otter	tosh-nong-ya		nosh-noh	pet-tong	me-ra-po-ca
Black tailed deer	ta-sa-wa		toch-ta-sin-ja-sa-ba
Bear	mon-ja	was-sah-ba	was-sa-ba	wa-hunk-ca-ce-cha	lah-pet-ze	ko-roksh	yoh-nuh
Raccoon	me-ka		me-ca	we-cha	me-ra-pa
Beaver	ra-way		‡ja-ba	cha-pa
Louse	ha	hah	ha	ha-uh	a-tap-peh	pets	ta-nuh
Antelope	ta-to		ta-tshu-guh
Skunk	mon-ka		mon-guh
{lxxvii} Flea	ta-gres-ka, deer that is going	no corresponding word	tat-a-guh, fool deer	ha-nuh	sa-cas-ke	te-ra-guh	tsu-kuh
Muskrat	o-to-ak-ka		sin-ja-sna-ja-wa-ge-re
Rabbit	mish-tsching-ya		mas-tschin-ga	mash-te-cha-nong	e-ta-ke
Bow	man-to	shah-me-ja	man-da-san-ra	e-ta-ze-pah	be-rah-hah	te-ra-gish	kelk-tsut-e
Arrow	ma	mah	mah	wang-hink-a-pa	e-tah	lek-sho	kun-e
Knife	ma-he		ma-he	me-na mat-ze
Pipe	ra-no-wa		ne-ne-bah	chan-dow-ho-pa	eh-ke-pe
Canoe	pa-ja	pah-cheh	mon-de-ha-shin-ga	wa-tah	a-man-ta	lak-o-ho-ro	tse-u
House	che	teh	te	te-pe	a-te, Ind. lodge	ak-ka-ro	kat-so-da
Copper	ma-za-ze	mahs-es-se-he	mon-za-‡je-da	mas-ah-shah, or red iron	o-was-sa-she-re	kots-ter-ra-ha	tsal-ya-tal-ou-i-ka, red brass
Stone	eng-ro	eh	e-eh	e-yong	me-e	ka-ret-ke	ni-yah
Body	e-ro
Iron	ma-za	mahs-suh	mon-za	ma-ah	o-was-sa	pa-bet-de-sho	u-tal-u-gis-ke
Yes	Hon-ja	hoo-eh	oh-hoh*	hah or toch	i, or ar-roch-o-bah	na-wa	o-wah
No	He-a-ko, by the men	hank-kash-eh	auns-kash-a	he-yah	na-‡jes	ka-ke	an-tleh
	He-a-ka by the squaws
None	ning-ya		ning-ga
White	ska	skoh	ska	scah	ho-tech-ke	la-ta-ka	u-na-kuh
Red	shu-ja		‡je-da	shah	ish-she
Black	sa-wa	sah-beh	sah-ba	sa-pah	shu-pe-sha	ka-tet	un-nuh-ga
Blue	to		to	toe	ta-he
Yellow	ze		ze	ze	she-re
Light	ta-kong	haum-pah	o-go-om-ba	oh-‡ja-‡jo	mah-pa-suh-kas	shuk-she-gat	e-ga-hew
Darkness	o-han-za	haum-o-pas-se	o-ga-ha-no-pa-sa	oh-yok ka-pa-za	oh-pa-‡je	same as night	ul-se-kuh
Me	me-eh		we	me-ya
I (ego)		be-ah			me-e	ta	i-yeh
One	yon-ka	me-akh-che	me-ach-che	wan-cha	le-mois-so	as-ko
Two	no-wa	nom-pah	nom-ba	no-pa	no-o-pah	pet-ko
Three	ta-ne	yah-be-re	ra-be-ne	ya-me-ne	na-me	tou-wet
Four	to-wa	toh-pah	to-ba	to-pah	to-pah	shke-tiksh
Five	sa-ta	sah-tah	sat-ta	zap-ta	che-†hoh	she-oksh
Six	sha-qua	shahp-peh	shap-pa	shak-pa	a-ca-ma	shek-sha-bish
Seven	shah-a-muh	pa-om-bah	pa-num-ba	shak-o-e	chap-po	pet-ko-shek-sha-bish
Eight	kra-ra-ba-na	pa-yah-be-re	pa-ra-be-ne	shak-un-do-huh	no-pup-pe	tou-wet-sha-bish
Nine	shan-ka	shank-kuh	shon-ka	nuh-pet-che-wung-kuh	no-was-sap-pa	lok-she-re-wa
Ten	kra-ba-nuh	kera-brah, or ker-a-be-rah	kra-ba-ra	wek-chem-in-uh	pe-ra-gas	lok-she-re
Eleven	a-gen-ne-yon-ka	ah-re-me-akh-che	a-gar-e-me	a-ka-ong-‡jin	a-pe-le-mois-so	as-ko-lok-she-re
Twelve	a-gen-ne-no-wa	ah-re-nom-pah	a-gar-e-num-ba	a-ka-no-pa	a-pe-no-o-pah	pet-ko-sho-she-re

{lxxix} Having but a small number of words of the two following Languages, it is thought proper to insert them separately from the above comparative tables, in order that the columns may not be too much extended.

Shos-ho-ne Language

Good, sant