February, 1855, he is brevetted lieutenant-general from date of March 29, 1847—the surrender of Vera Cruz. This rank had not been in use since the death of Lieutenant-General George Washington, and was now revived by special act of Congress.
In November, 1859, he sails in the steamer Star of the West for Puget Sound, by way of Panama, to adjust difficulties arising between Great Britain and the United States over the possession of San Juan Island of the international boundary.
In 1860 he counsels the Government to garrison the forts and arsenals on the Southern seaboard with loyal troops, and thus probably prevent the threatened secession of the Southern States. His advice is disregarded.
In March, 1861, submits other plans by which he still hopes that the rebellion may be averted.
Is offered high command by his native State, Virginia, and declines to forsake the Flag.
October 31, 1861, being seventy-five years of age and long a cripple, almost unable to walk from wounds and illness, he retires from the army. President Lincoln and the cabinet call upon him together and bid him farewell. There are tears in the old hero’s eyes.
November, 1861, he sails for a visit in Europe.
December, 1861, is recommended by President Lincoln in first annual message to Congress for further honors, if possible.
June 10, 1862, his wife dies, leaving him with three daughters, now grown.