The tools used may be divided into three groups, as follows:
First. Laying-out tools. These include the rule, try-square, marking gauge, bevel, and knife.
Second. Cutting tools. In this group are the saw, plane, chisel, spokeshave, bit, and knife.
Third. Miscellaneous tools, such as the hammer, mallet, screw-driver, brace (or bitstock), and others not so common.
CHAPTER II
MEASURING AND MARKING TOOLS
1. The Rule. The standard unit of length is the yard, but the foot is commonly used for all measurements in woodwork. If the rule be twelve inches long it is known as a foot rule, and if twenty-four inches long it is called a two-foot rule. The inches are subdivided into halves, quarters, eighths, and in some cases sixteenths. Rules are usually of boxwood or maple, with brass joints, and are commonly made to fold once or twice.
Fig. 1. The Rule
The rule is quite thick, and if laid flat upon the work to be measured errors will usually follow. It should be stood on edge so that the pencil or knife point may touch the divisions on it and the wood at the same time. The proper position when laying out measurements is shown in the sketch ([Fig. 2]). Consecutive measurements should be laid off without moving the rule.