called until the end of that war. When peace was restored, in the summer
of 1905, Emperor Nicholas II issued an invitation to fifty-three nations
to send representatives to such a conference. For the first time, nearly
every independent nation on the globe was represented among the
delegates in an international gathering of this nature. It met at The
Hague during the summer of 1907.
First session of the second Peace Conference, The Hague, Holland.
Delegates from the United States were instructed to favor obligatory
arbitration; the establishment of a permanent court of arbitration; the