reached the Supreme Court late in 1907.

Photograph copyright by Clinedinst, Washington.

Chief Justice Melville W. Fuller.

The plaintiffs, who were manufacturers of hats, complained that the

defendants--members of the United Hatters of North America, an

organization which was a part of the American Federation of Labor--were

"engaged in a combined scheme and effort to force all manufacturers of

fur hats in the United States, including the plaintiffs, against their

will and their previous policy of carrying on their business, to