adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United

States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be

made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be

made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law

of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby,

anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary

notwithstanding.

3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of

the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers,