| CHAP. | PAGE | |
| [INTRODUCTION] | [1] | |
| [I.] | WHAT IS GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE? | [16] |
Gothic architecture the logical fulfillment of Romanesque—Origin ofRomanesque architecture—Romanesque basilicas modified by theliturgy—Horrors of the IX and X centuries in France—Rebirth ofthe builders’ energy after the year 1000—Cluny, the civilizing forceof the X and XI centuries—Various regional Romanesque schools ofFrance—Normandy, Burgundy, Auvergne, Poitou, Languedoc,Provence, and the Franco-Picard school—Birth of Gothic art—Anundecided question where the first diagonal-crossing ribs were used—Germany’sand Italy’s claims—Claim of England—The Ile-de-FrancePicard region, the classic land of Gothic—Gothic architecturenot a layman’s revolt against monkish Romanesque—The architectsof the Gothic cathedrals—No heretical tendencies in Gothic sculpture—Originof the term Gothic—XVII- and XVIII-century scorn forGothic architecture—Modern French school of mediæval archæology. | ||
| [II.] | ABBOT SUGER AND ST. DENIS-EN-FRANCE | [43] |
Evolution from Romanesque to Gothic—St. Denis’ abbatial, the firstimportant Gothic monument—Some early-Gothic churches in theIle-de-France—Morienval, the first Gothic-vaulted ambulatoryextant (c. 1122)—Church of St. Étienne, at Beauvais (c. 1120)—St.Germer-en-Flay built from 1150 to 1175, yet less advanced thanSt. Denis—Poissy’s church of St. Louis (c. 1135)—How Abbot Sugerbuilt his abbey church at St. Denis—St. Denis’ school of glassmaking,the leader for fifty years—Dedication of St. Denis on June11, 1144, consecrated the national art—Who Suger was and howSt. Bernard converted him—What is left of the abbey church whichSuger built—Reconstruction of St. Denis by St. Louis, 1231 to 1280—Pierrede Montereau, its architect—Tombs in St. Denis’ abbatial—Deviationof the axis not symbolic—Some happenings in St. Denisduring the XII and XIII centuries—Charles Péguy’s verses, linkingSt. Denis, St. Geneviève, and Jeanne d’Arc. | ||
| [III.] | PRIMARY GOTHIC CATHEDRALS | [74] |
Cathedral of Noyon, first built of Gothic cathedrals (c. 1150)—Noyon’scommunal charter, the first of known date, 1109—Cathedral’s nave,a vessel of most perfect proportion—Exceptional among Frenchcathedrals, its transept’s rounded ends—Noyon has retained its annexes—Itschapter house, built about 1240—Noyon city destroyed,1918—Cathedral still stands. | ||
Cathedral of Senlis, second of the Gothic cathedrals, begun about 1153—Sculptureat Senlis’ west portal (c. 1180) marks a date in imagery—Cathedraltower, the “pride of the Valois land”—Transept’s façadesof the best Flamboyant Gothic art—What the World War did toSenlis. | ||
Cathedral of Sens, begun about 1160—Sens’ ancient see, governed bynotable men in the XII and XIII centuries—How they found outwho was the architect of the cathedral—St. Thomas Becket in Sens,1164, and again from 1166 to 1170—St. Louis married in SensCathedral, 1234—Glory of Sens’ stained glass. | ||
Cathedral of Laon, begun about 1160—Fallacy of the “town-hall”theory—Cathedral of springtime foliage—Oxen on Laon’s towers—Originof the square east end of Laon Cathedral—Laon’s communalstruggle—Famous XII-century school of Anselm de Laon—Laoncity shelled by the French, but its cathedral unhurt. | ||
Cathedral of Soissons almost a ruin—Desolation of Soissons in WorldWar—Soissons’ southern arm of transept ends in a hemicycle (c. 1180)—Isthe most exquisite thing in France—The crusading bishop-builder,Nivelon de Chérisy. | ||
Some important Primary Gothic churches: Abbatial of St. Remi atRheims (c. 1170)—Its superb XII-century glass wrecked in theWorld War—Abbatial of Notre Dame at Châlons-sur-Marne (c. 1160)—Pioneerin fenestration—First to use pillars between chapels andambulatory—Church of St. Quiriace at Provins (c. 1160)—Provins,residence of the counts of Champagne—Its international fairs frequentedby mediæval Europe—Collegiate of St. Yved, at Braine(c. 1200), between Primary Gothic and the Era of Great Cathedrals—Individualplan of its choir-chapels—St. Leu d’Esserent, on theOise, the best type of the small churches in the classic Ile-de-France—Itsforechurch shows transition work (c. 1150)—Primary Gothicwork to be found at Étampes, Vendôme, Fécamp, Rouen, Lisieux,Angers, Mantes, Paris. | ||
| [IV.] | NOTRE DAME OF PARIS AND OTHER CHURCHES OF THECAPITAL | [126] |
Notre Dame, begun in 1163—Its exterior unsurpassed, the west façade aclassic—Scholastic training of its bishop-builders—Summa of thesupreme scholastic, Aquinas, like a Gothic cathedral—Thirtythousand students then in Paris University—Bishop Maurice deSully (1160-96) built Notre Dame—Bishop Eudes de Sully madethe portals of the west façade—Bishop Pierre de Nemours died acrusader, before Damietta, 1219—Bishop Guillaume d’Auvergnefinished the north tower (1228-49)—All the prelates building ParisCathedral good and able men—Their sincerity lives in its stones—Firstarchitect unknown—Jean and Pierre de Chelles made thetransept and apse chapels—Sculpture of Notre Dame masterly—Sainte-Chapellebuilt by St. Louis, 1246 to 1248—St. Julien-le-Pauvrea contemporary of Notre Dame’s choir (c. 1180)—Samenoble sculptured capitals—Three Benedictine abbey churches ofParis show early trials of Gothic vaulting—St. Germain-des-Prés,St. Martin-des-Champs, St. Pierre-de-Montmartre—St. Louis andhis friend, Joinville—Louis IX illuminated his kingdom with fairchurches—On his first crusade spent five years in the East, 1248 to1259—From 1254 to 1270 worked for his people—Death of St. Louison the crusade of 1270—His characteristics: justice, pity, other-worldliness—Inimitablecharm of Joinville’s Histoire de St. Louis—Describeshis friendship with the king in Palestine—Joinville’s oldage and death in 1319. | ||
Mantes’ collegiate of Notre Dame is Primary Gothic—A contemporaryof Paris Cathedral—Perhaps by the same architect—Its chapel ofNavarre one of the best works of Rayonnant Gothic. | ||
Meaux Cathedral, a difficult architectural page to decipher, owing toreconstruction—Begun in 1170, but rebuilt radically after 1270—Bossuet,its greatest bishop (1681 to 1704)—Meaux, the cathedral forthe Te Deum of victory—Battle of the Marne, 1914, waged at the citygates. | ||
| [V.] | ERA OF THE GREAT CATHEDRALS: CHARTRES, RHEIMS,AMIENS | [169] |
Cathedral of Chartres—Bishop Fulbert’s Romanesque Notre Dameburned in 1194—His vast crypt, of 1020, still exists—Bishop Geoffreyde Lèves built the tower of Chartres, called the most beautiful inthe world (1145)—Making of the three western portals (c. 1155)—Gothiccathedral begun after the fire of 1194—Primary Gothic westfaçade escaped the fire—Jehan de Beauce crowned the northwesttower, 1506 to 1513—Sculpture of the transept portals and porches,1220 to 1260—Chartres excels all cathedrals in the wealth of itsstained glass, chiefly of the XII and XIII centuries. | ||
Cathedral of Rheims, begun by the crusader, Bishop Albéric de Humbert,1211—Its architects recorded in the pavement labyrinth—Its westfaçade the culmination of Gothic art—Coronation of Charles VII in1429, Jeanne d’Arc present—Astounding sculptural wealth of this“Cathedral of the Angels”—Martyrdom of Rheims in the WorldWar. | ||
Cathedral of Amiens, the Parthenon of Gothic art—Bishop Evrard deFouilloy began it, 1220—Designed by Robert de Lusarches—Itssculpture the peer of Rheims and Chartres—Its portal of the ViergeDorée (c. 1280). | ||
| [VI.] | SIX OF THE LESSER GREAT CATHEDRALS: BOURGES, BEAUVAIS,TROYES, TOURS, LYONS, LE MANS | [211] |
Cathedral of Bourges—Only XIII-century cathedral without a transept—Inneraisle has its own triforium and clearstory—Chevet built bySt. Guillaume, 1200 to 1209—Over main portal is best Last Judgment(c. 1275)—Bourges famous for its stained glass—Jean, duc deBerry, and Jacques Cœur, the late-Gothic art patrons of Bourges—Theirgifts to the cathedral—Orléans Cathedral destroyed byCalvinists (note). | ||
Cathedral of Beauvais—A mighty fragment: only a choir and transept—Begunin 1247, derived directly from Amiens—Transept façadesmasterpieces of late-Gothic—Is Flamboyant Gothic of Englishorigin?—Le Prince family of glassmakers. | ||
Cathedral of Troyes—Its choir built by Bishop Hervé, 1206 to 1226—MartinChambiges designed the Flamboyant west façade—MagnificentXIII- and XIV-century windows of Troyes Cathedral—St.Urbain’s church begun by Pope Urban IV in 1262—Carried theGothic principle of equilibrium to its limit—Churches of Troyestreasure-houses of stained glass and sculpture—Cultivated courtof Champagne’s rulers—To the Gothic school of Champagne belongsthe Cathedral of Châlons-sur-Marne—Châlons another center forstained glass. | ||
Cathedral of Tours—Choir begun about 1210—Has the classic note ofthe Touraine landscape—Cathedral windows set up between 1260and 1270—Venerable ecclesiastical souvenirs of Tours—Tours, thecenter for the Region-of-the-Loire school of sculpture—MichelColombe, last of the great Gothic artists, worked here—Environs ofthe city rich in Flamboyant Gothic. | ||
Cathedral of Lyons—Lyons boasts an apostolic succession for its bishops—EarlyChristian martyrs of Rome’s chief city in Gaul—St. Martind’Ainay’s abbatial dedicated in 1107—Cathedral choir late XII century—WithVienne Cathedral (note) it alone in France used incrustations—Naveof Lyons Cathedral building through the XIII century—Stainedglass of Lyons of exceptional quality—All Christendom wasrepresented at the Ecumenical Council held in Lyons Cathedral in1274—Church of Brou built by Marguerite of Austria (note)—MoulinsCathedral and Souvigny’s abbatial and tombs (notes). | ||
Cathedral of Le Mans—XII-century nave built by notable prelates—BishopHildebert de Lavardin (1097 to 1125) a poet and scholar—Guillaumede Passavent made the Angevin vaults (c. 1150)—Geoffreythe Handsome, nicknamed Plantagenet, and his son, Henry II ofEngland, born in Le Mans—Trinité church at Vendôme (note)—LeMans’ Gothic choir built from 1218 to 1254 by Bishop Geoffreyde Loudon—Le Mans ranks next to Chartres and Bourges for itswealth of stained glass—Rayonnant-Flamboyant transept of theXIV and XV centuries—The groups at Solesmes a final expression ofGothic sculpture (1495 to 1550)—Collegiate church at St. Quentin, insize a cathedral, XIII-century choir—Villard de Honnecourt, probablythe architect of St. Quentin. | ||
| [VII.] | PLANTAGENET GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE | [285] |
Plantagenet Gothic fused the cupola of Aquitaine and the diagonals ofnorth—Lasted a hundred years, from 1150 to 1250—For clearnessdivided into three periods: I. Heavy diagonals, II. Eight slightbranches, III. Multiple ribs—English fan tracery a derivation ofAngevin Gothic. | ||
Cupola churches of Aquitaine: St. Front at Périgieux, begun after a fire,1120, and finished by 1180—Cahors Cathedral has Romanesqueportal of beauty (note)—Cathedral of Angoulême, begun 1109—Itsfaçade a notable page of French decoration—Rich façades distinguishPoitou’s Romanesque school—Fontevrault abbey church,built in the first half of the XII century—Plantagenet tombs atFontevrault—Aliénor of Aquitaine buried there in 1204 besideher husband, Henry II, and her son, Richard Cœur-de-Lion—Aliénor’sdescendants notable builders of churches. | ||
Cathedral of Angers—Its nave vaulted with First-Period diagonals, about1150—Anjou rulers a remarkable race—Fulk Nerra, the great builder,died 1040—Choir of Angers Cathedral extended after 1274—In thenave is XII-century glass of St. Denis derivation—Cathedral’sApocalypse tapestries—Fortress of Angers, built by St. Louis, 1228 to1238—Church of Toussaint had a ramified vault of the Third Period—St.Jean’s hospital hall, endowed by Henry II, a gem of Plantagenetart—Choir of St. Serge, 1220 to 1225, a masterpiece of lightness. | ||
Saumur—Another center for the study of Plantagenet Gothic—Historicalfête called the Non-Pareille took place in its castle in 1241—St. Pierre’schurch shows different kinds of Angevin vaults—Church of St. Martinat Candes, a Plantagenet masterpiece—St. Florent-les-Saumur showsone of the first eight-branch vaults—Puy-Notre-Dame and Asnièresbeautiful examples of Plantagenet art (note)—Plantagenet vaults atLe Mans, Vendôme, Chinon, and Tours. | ||
Cathedral of Poitiers, begun by Henry Plantagenet and Aliénor of Aquitaine,1160—In adopting the gracious Plantagenet vaulting it remainedtrue to Poitou’s Romanesque traditions—XII-centuryCrucifixion window the most glorious in the world—Spirit of Poitiers’bishops, St. Hilary and Fortunatus, inspired it—Church of Ste.Radégonde is Plantagenet vaulted—St. Hilaire’s abbatial has curiousoctagonal cupolas—St. Jean’s baptistry, the oldest building in France,dating from the IV century—Clement V at Poitiers in 1307 carriedon the Templars’ process—Hall of the count’s palace rebuilt by DukeJean de Berry—Jeanne d’Arc examined there in 1429, found to besent of God. | ||
| [VIII.] | GOTHIC IN THE MIDI | [329] |
Cathedral of Clermont-Ferrand, begun in 1248—Gothic of the north,translated with a Midi accent—True character of Auvergne shownin its Romanesque churches—Notre Dame-du-Port, the classic type ofAuvergne’s Romanesque school—Abbey church of La Chaise Dieu,begun by Clement VI, 1344—Contains incomparable tapestries(note)—First Crusade proclaimed at Clermont by Urban II, 1095—Riom’sSainte-Chapelle, of the XIV century—Madonna of the Bird amasterpiece of late-Gothic imagery—Romanesque Cathedral ofLe Puy (XII century) one of the most venerable shrines in France. | ||
Cathedral of Bordeaux, like the city itself, is of the north and the south—Naveis composite and difficult to read—Clement V (d. 1314) builtthe Rayonnant Gothic choir—In the Romanesque church of Ste. Croixappeared the first diagonals of the region—Charlemagne laid Roland’solifant on the altar of St. Seurin—St. Bertrand-de-Comminges Cathedralbuilt by Clement V—Cathedral of Bayonne (note). | ||
Cathedral of Toulouse consists of two inharmonious parts—Unaisled navewith Angevin vaults building while Simon de Montfort besieged city—Gothicchoir begun in 1275—Chief monument of Toulouse is theabbey church of St. Sernin (begun 1075)—Languedoc then excelled insculpture: Moissac’s portal and cloister (note)—Toulouse a centerfor brick architecture—Its Jacobins’ church begun in 1229—St. Dominic’smission in Languedoc—Albigensian Crusade. | ||
Albi Cathedral, the incarnation of the Midi wars: meridional Gothic—AggressiveBernard de Castanets began it in 1282—Flamboyant andRenaissance riches were added to St. Cecilia’s cathedral—Frescoesof its vault have never been surpassed (1509 to 1512)—Its choirscreen equally noted—Auch Cathedral has famous XVI-century windows(note)—Cathedral of Rodez possesses a notable Flamboyanttower (1510 to 1526) (note)—Carcassonne Cité has been too muchrestored—Its ci-devant cathedral of St. Nazaire the best of XIV-centuryGothic—Like a reliquary of colored glass—Carcassonne townhas typical Midi Gothic churches. | ||
Narbonne Cathedral, consisting of a vast Gothic choir, begun in 1272—Itsmechanical skill cold, but still Gothic of the grand style—LovelyXIV-century glass—Sack of Béziers, 1209—Perpignan Cathedral andElne’s cloister (note)—Abbey church of Fontfroide allied with Pobletin Catalonia (note). | ||
Montpellier Cathedral, formerly an abbey church, built by Urban V,XIV century—Jaime el Conquistador, mighty builder of churches,born in Montpellier, 1208—Mende Cathedral and St. Victor’s abbatialat Marseilles built by Urban V (note)—Maguelonne, former cathedralof diocese, now the most aloof spot in Europe—Aigues-Mortes, begunby St. Louis, completed by his son—Fortress unspoiled by restorations—Bothcrusades of Louis IX sailed thence—St. Gilles’ abbey church,partly a ruin, interesting to archæologists; building from 1116—Notedportal of St. Gilles inspired Trinity Church, Boston—Loyaltyof Provence to its Saintes-Maries traditions—Les Saintes-Marieschurch a pilgrim shrine (note)—St. Martha’s church at Tarascon(note). | ||
St. Trophime Cathedral at Arles—Portal influenced by Gallo-Romansculpture—Its cloister the fairest Christian monument in the city—Ruinsof Montmajour near Arles—Frédéric Mistral should be one’scompanion in Provence—Expresses the regional soul—St. Maximinchurch the best Gothic monument in Provence—Begun by Charles IId’Anjou in 1295—Cathedral of St. Sauveur at Aix-en-Provence iscomposite—Its south aisle originally a separate Romanesque church,XII century—Good King René gave the triptych by a Frenchprimitif—Avignon’s great day was the XIV century under sevenmeridional popes, 1309 to 1377—Palace of the Popes built from 1335to 1358—Grandest fortress-palace in the world. | ||
| [IX.] | THE GOTHIC ART OF BURGUNDY | [410] |
Burgundy excelled in monastic architecture—The cradle of three greatcloistral centers—Luxeuil, Cluny, Cîteaux—Luxeuil, founded bySt. Columbanus (610), reorganized the VII century—Cluny, Christendom’ssupremest monastic congregation, founded 910—St. Huguesof Cluny (1049 to 1109) trained the leaders who remade Europe’scivilization—Peter the Venerable, abbot from 1120 to 1156, continuedbuilding Cluny’s vast church—Abélard died in a Cluny house,1142—Revolution destroyed the glorious abbatial church—Paray-le-Monial,the favorite priory of Abbot Odilo (d. 1049) of Cluny,initiator of the Truce of God—Its Romanesque church has flutedpilasters (XII century)—Autun Cathedral’s Romanesque portal theancestor of the sculptured doors of Gothic cathedrals—Abbey churchat Saulieu (note)—Beaune’s collegiate of Notre Dame has lovelytapestries—Hôtel Dieu at Beaune (1444 to 1457), founded by NicolasRolin, contains Roger van der Weyden’s best work—Hospital hallat Tonnerre (founded 1293) the prototype for Beaune’s hospice—Fontenay,the oldest Romanesque Cistercian church extant—Dedicatedby Eugene III in 1147—Avallon’s church of St. Lazare blessedby Paschal II in 1107—Has a well-known Romanesque entranceway. | ||
Some Primary Gothic churches in Burgundy—Montréal’s collegiate canbe visited from Avallon—Built by a returned crusader late in theXII century—Pontigny’s abbatial the oldest Gothic in Burgundy—Itsnave (1160 to 1180), with bombé vaults, was begun as Romanesque—Itschoir used structural features as decorations—Three archbishopsof Canterbury, St. Thomas Becket, Stephen Langton, andSt. Edmund Rich, found refuge at Pontigny—Vézelay’s abbatial of theMadeleine the stateliest church in Burgundy—Its Romanesque naveand Gothic choir belong both to the XII century—Its imaged portico(c. 1132) a supreme work of French sculpture—Second Crusadepreached by St. Bernard at Vézelay, 1146—Philippe-Auguste andRichard Cœur-de-Lion rallied here for the Third Crusade, 1191. | ||
Burgundy’s best Gothic monuments—Collegiate of Notre Dame at Semura gem of the Burgundian school, begun about 1225—Its sculptureexceptional—Auxerre Cathedral begun in 1215, the model of Gothicchurches in the province—Auxerre’s sculpture and its opaline glassrank with the first—Bishop Jacques Amyot (d. 1593) restored thecathedral after the Calvinists sacked it—Cathedral of Nevers hasan apse at both west and east ends (note)—Dijon, the capital of Burgundy,led in art, under its four great dukes, 1364 to 1477—Flemish-Burgundianschool began modern imagery—Dijon’s cathedral ofSt. Bénigne, formerly an abbatial, is mediocre late-XIII century—Cryptof St. Bénigne begun 1001—Oldest monument of the Romanesquerenaissance—William of Volpiano, abbot of St. Bénigne, initiatedthe revival of architecture after the year 1000—Rebuilt Tournusabbey church (note)—Church of Notre Dame, Dijon, is a gem ofBurgundian Gothic (1220-1240)—Its subtleties of construction havenever been excelled. | ||
St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux (d. 1153), born near Dijon, the greatestson of Burgundy—His reform laid the spiritual foundations of Gothiccathedrals—His puritanic taste in architecture made Cistercianchurches bare and simple—Cistercian Order, founded 1099, instrumentalin spreading Gothic over Europe—St. Stephen Harding, itspractical founder, welcomed St. Bernard at Citeaux in 1113—Fivehundred Cistercian monasteries founded in Europe before the middleof XIII century—Spirit of St. Bernard, greatest of Cistercians, lives inthe Imitation of Christ. | ||
| [X.] | GOTHIC ART IN NORMANDY | [472] |
Monastic architecture best expression of Norman character—Normandy,like Burgundy, was a land of monasteries—Bernay’s abbey church anancestress of Norman Romanesque (note)—Bec Abbey, the Clunyof Normandy—Lanfranc made the school of Bec world-noted—AtBec, St. Anselm began the philosophical movement of the MiddleAges—William of Volpiano pioneer in the rebirth of architecture inthe duchy—Jumièges, the first Norman church of architecturalpretension, begun 1040—Only vestiges remain of St. Wandrilleabbey—Caen, the Mecca of Norman Romanesque and the queen cityfor towers—Three good towers at St. Pierre-sur-Dives—St. Georgesde Boscherville the best type of Norman Romanesque—Fécamp’sPrimary Gothic abbatial rose after the fire of 1169—Gothic abbatialat Eu built after the death of St. Laurence O’Toole, 1180—Mont-Saint-Michelthe greatest of Norman abbeys—Its Merveille (Gothichalls), building from 1203 to 1228—Choir of Mont-Saint-Michel,the best work of Flamboyant Gothic, begun 1450. | ||
Rouen Cathedral, not local in character—Its tower of St. Romain begunin 1145—Its transept façades and Lady chapel XIV-century Rayonnantwork—Abbatial of St. Ouen a gem of Rayonnant Gothic—Nocity richer than Rouen in Flamboyant Gothic monuments—Trial ofJeanne d’Arc at Rouen in 1431 and her Rehabilitation in 1456. | ||
Lisieux Cathedral the earliest Gothic cathedral in Normandy—Begun after1160 as Ile-de-France Gothic—Its Lady chapel built by Bishop PierreCauchon, Jeanne d’Arc’s venal judge. | ||
Évreux Cathedral not homogeneous, but has much charm—Its choir(1298-1310) a gem of Rayonnant Gothic—XIV century’s best array ofglass in its choir. | ||
Séez Cathedral modest in size—Norman in style—Its choir a forerunnerof Rayonnant Gothic—Has XIV-century windows. | ||
Bayeux Cathedral the Gothic of the duchy at its best—Romanesque partof its nave remarkable—Bishop Odo, brother of the Conqueror, builtthe crypt, and of his time is the Bayeux Tapestry—Choir of Bayeuxa masterpiece of Normandy’s elaborate Gothic. | ||
Coutances Cathedral loveliest in Normandy, begun after the fire of 1218—Itsthree towers notable—Aisles of choir are of different height. | ||
Gothic art of Brittany—Brittany more a land of shrines than cathedrals—Herreligious soul best expressed by her Calvarys—XIII-centurycathedral at Dol has fine eastern window—Cathedral at Nantespossesses the last great work of Gothic sculpture—Cathedral ofQuimper very Breton in spirit—St. Pol-de-Léon Cathedral entirelycomplete—The Kreisker is Brittany’s grandest tower—St. Yves ofBrittany helped build Tréguier Cathedral. | ||
Summing up—Gothic art gave way before the pagan Renaissance and thecontempt for legends roused by the Reformation. In the World WarFrance again displayed the spirit that had built cathedrals. Unquenchableidealism of the French race. | ||
| [INDEX]: [A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[Y],[Z] | [583] | |
| [BIBLIOGRAPHY]: [A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W]. | [605] | |
Illustrations
| [Click on the image to view an enlarged version.Images located within paragraphs have been moved slightly to ease reading. (note of etext transcriber.)] | ||
| Soissons Cathedral. The Transept’s Southern Arm(c. 1180) | Frontispiece | |
| Poissy. An Early Example of Gothic Vaulting (c. 1135) | Facing p. | [54] |
| St. Denis-en-France and Its Royal Mausoleums | ” | [68] |
| Noyon’s Chapter House (1240-1250) | Page | [83] |
| Senlis’ Tower (c. 1230-1250) | Facing p. | [90] |
| The Interior of Laon Cathedral (XII Century). Viewfrom the Tribune Gallery | ” | [98] |
| The Oxen on Laon’s Towers | ” | [106] |
| Notre Dame of Paris. View from the South | Page | [127] |
| Notre Dame of Mantes (1160-1200). The Contemporaryof Paris Cathedral | Facing p. | [162] |
| The Cathedral of Meaux, Viewed from the Nave’s Aisle | ” | [168] |
| The Cathedral of Chartres (1194-1240). The SouthernAspect | Page | [178] |
| The Angel Apse of Rheims (c. 1220) | ” | [196] |
| The Transept of Amiens Cathedral (1220-1280) | Facing p. | [204] |
| The Apse of Bourges (1200-1225) | ” | [214] |
| St. Urbain at Troyes (1264-1276) | ” | [236] |
| Le Mans Choir (1217-1254). The Double Aisles | ” | [270] |
| Angoulême Cathedral. A XII-century Cupola Churchof Aquitaine with a Typical Façade of Poitou’sRomanesque School | ” | [290] |
| The Plantagenet Tombs at Fontevrault | ” | [298] |
| The Plantagenet Gothic Choir of St. Serge at Angers(1220-1225) | ” | [312] |
| Notre Dame du Port at Clermont-Ferrand. TypicalXII-century Church of Auvergne’s RomanesqueSchool | ” | [338] |
| Le Puy in Old Auvergne | ” | [344] |
| The Jacobins’, or Dominicans’, Church at Toulouse (XIIICentury) | ” | [358] |
| Albi Cathedral (1282-1399). A Midi Fortress Church | ” | [370] |
| The Mediæval Cloister of Arles | ” | [398] |
| The XI-century Sanctuary of Cluny as It Was Until theRevolution | Facing p. | [414] |
| Vezelay’s XII-century Abbey Church of the Madeleine | ” | [436] |
| Notre Dame at Dijon (1220-1245). Burgundian Gothic | ” | [452] |
| The Crypt of the Abbaye-aux-Dames at Caen (1059-1066) | ” | [484] |
| Belfry of St. Pierre at Caen (1308-1317). Prototype Forthe Gothic Towers of Normandy and Brittany | ” | [490] |
| The Hall of the Knights at Mont-Saint-Michel (1203-1228).Second Story of the Merveille | ” | [500] |
| The Choir of Bayeaux Cathedral (1210-1260). Typicalof Normandy’s Elaborate Gothic | ” | [546] |
How France Built Her Cathedrals
How France Built Her Cathedrals
INTRODUCTION
E may live without architecture, and worship without her, but we cannot remember without her. How cold is all history, how lifeless all imagery, compared to that which the living nation writes and the uncorrupted marble bears. There are but two strong conquerors of the forgetfulness of men, Poetry and Architecture, and the latter in some sort includes the former, and is mightier in its reality; it is well to have, not only what men have thought and felt, but what their hands have handled and their strength wrought and their eyes beheld, all the days of their life.”[1]