LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| FACING PAGE | |
| Portrait of Beaumarchais, by Nattier, 1765 | [Frontispiece] |
| Palace of Versailles | [32] |
| Louis XV | [56] |
| Marie Leczinska, Wife of Louis XV | [60] |
| École Militaire | [70] |
| Madame de Pompadour | [67] |
| Princess de Lamballe | [120] |
| Eugénie | [152] |
| Le Jardin du Petit-Trianon | [162] |
| Madame du Barry | [176] |
| Title Page of the Memoirs of M. Caron de Beaumarchais | [215] |
| Figaro | [236] |
| Louis XVI | [256] |
| Marie Antoinette | [256] |
| Le Petit-Trianon | [283] |
| Charles Philippe—Comte d’Artois | [292] |
HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION
THE primary cause of discontent among the American colonies, which led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776, was the proclamation by the King of England after the evacuation of America by the French in 1763, forbidding the colonists to extend their settlements west of the Alleghenies.[1]
This proclamation instantly roused the ire of the men of the New World, for the war waged for so many years in the wilderness against the French and the Indians had taught the settlers the incomparable value of their vast “Hinterland,” and having won at so great cost and by such effort a footing on the coast, they were by no means willing to be dictated to in the matter of expansion. Like stalwart sons of a mighty race, grown to manhood in heroic struggle with the forces of nature, brought to self-consciousness by the conflict they had endured, these men of the New World felt within themselves the power, and therefore believed in their right, to conquer the great and almost unexplored wilderness lying beyond them. From the moment they were made to feel a restriction to their liberty in this direction, there was nothing wanting but a pretext for breaking with the mother country. Nor had they long to wait. One petty act of tyranny after another showed the determination of the English King still to treat as a child the son now grown to manhood. At length the time was ripe and the outbreak came.