[254] Florence of Worcester mentions the castle of Arundel as belonging to Roger de Montgomeri in 1088.
[255] See [Appendix R].
[256] The expenses entered in the Pipe Rolls (1170-1187) are for the works of the castle, the chamber and wall of the castle, the houses of the castle (an expression which generally refers to the keep), and for flooring the tower (turris) and making a garden. Turris is the usual word for a keep, and is never applied to a mere mural tower.
[257] This gateway is masked by a work of the 13th century, which serves as a sort of barbican.
[258] In operibus castelli de Arundel 22l. 7s. 8d. Et debet 55l. 18s. 6d. Pipe Roll, 31, Henry I., p. 42.
[259] D. B., i., 23a, 1.
[260] Testa de Nevill, i., iii., 236, cited by C. Bates, in a very valuable paper on Bamborough Castle, in Archæologia Æliana, vol. xiv., “Border Holds.” Mr Bates gives other evidence to the same effect. The early existence of the castle is also proved by the fact that Gospatric, whom William had made Earl of Northumberland, after his raid on Cumberland in 1070, brought his booty to the firmissimam munitionem of Bamborough. Symeon of Durham, 1070.
[261] Vita S. Oswaldi, ch. xlviii., in Rolls edition of Symeon.
[262] This was the opinion of the late Mr Cadwalader Bates, who thought that the smallness of the sums entered for Bamborough in Henry II.’s reign might be accounted for by the labour and materials having been furnished by the crown tenants. Border Strongholds, p. 236.