[794] D. B., i., 172.
[795] It is needless to remark that baile is the Norman word for an enclosure or courtyard; Low Latin ballia; sometimes believed to be derived from baculus, a stick.
[796] Ordericus, ii., 188 (edition Prévost).
[797] Norman Conquest, iv., 270. Mr Freeman has worked out the course of events connected with the building and destruction of the castles with his usual lucidity. But he never grasped the real significance of mottes, though he emphatically maintained that the native English did not build castles.
[798] “Ethelstanus Castrum quod olim Dani in Eboraco obfirmaverant ad solum diruit, ne esset quo se tutari perfidia posset.” Gesta Regum, ii., 134.
[799] Widdrington, Analecta Eboracensia, p. 120. It was this suburb which Alan, Earl of Richmond gave to the Abbey of St Mary at York, which he had founded. “Ecclesiam sancti Olavii in quâ capud abbatiæ in honorem sanctæ Mariæ melius constitutum est, et burgum in quo ecclesia sita est.” Mon. Ang., iii., 547. For the addition of new boroughs to old ones see ante, [p. 174], under Norwich. Although Athelstan destroyed the fortifications of this borough, they were evidently renewed when the Danish earls took up their residence there, for when Earl Alan persuaded the monks from Whitby to settle there one inducement which he offered was the fortification of the site, “loci munitionem.” Mon. Ang., iii., 545.
[800] In Eboraco civitate T. R. E. præter scyram archiepiscopi fuerunt 6 scyræ; una ex his est wasta in castellis. D. B., i., 298.
[801] Notes on Clifford’s Tower, by George Benson and H. Platnauer, published by the York Philosophical Society.
[802] “Thone castel tobræcon and towurpan.” A.-S. C. See Freeman, N. C., iv., 270.
[803] “In operatione turris de Euerwick, 15l. 7s. 3d.” Pipe Roll, 19 Henry II., vol. xix., 2. We assume that William’s second keep lasted till Henry II.’s reign.