[994] The passage of the river Lune in Lancashire is similarly defended by the mottes of Melling and Arkholme.

[995] The dates given are those of the Brut, and probably two years too early.

[996] Meyrick’s History of Cardigan, p. 146.

[997] Meyrick’s History of Cardigan, p. 146.

[998] Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary.

[999] We do not include the castles which the Welsh rebuilt. Thus in 1194 we are told that Rhys built the castle of Kidwelly, which he certainly only rebuilt.

[1000] Malcolm Canmore himself had passed nearly fourteen years in England. Fordun, iv., 45.

[1001] Burton remarks: “To the Lowland Scot, as well as to the Saxon, the Norman was what a clever man, highly educated and trained in the great world of politics, is to the same man who has spent his days in a village.” History of Scotland, i., 353.

[1002] Dr Round has brought to light the significant fact that King David took his chancellor straight from the English chancery, where he had been a clerk. This first chancellor of Scotland was the founder of the great Comyn family. The Ancestor, 10, 108.

[1003] Fordun, Annalia, vol. iv.