The Early Norman Castles of the British Isles.

by Ella Sophia Armitage

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[CONTENTS]

	PAGE
[Preface]	vii
[CHAPTER I]
Introductory	1
[CHAPTER II]
Anglo-Saxon Fortifications	11
[CHAPTER III]
Anglo-Saxon Fortifications—continued	31
[CHAPTER IV]
Danish Fortifications	48
[CHAPTER V]
The Origin of Private Castles	63
[CHAPTER VI]
Distribution and Characteristics of Motte-castles	80
[CHAPTER VII]
The Castles of the Normans in England	94
[CHAPTER VIII]
Motte-castles in North Wales	251
[CHAPTER IX]
Motte-castles in South Wales	273
[CHAPTER X]
Motte-castles in Scotland	302
[CHAPTER XI]
Motte-castles in Ireland	323
[CHAPTER XII]
Stone Castles of the Norman Period	351
[APPENDICES]
[A. Primitive Folk-moots]	381
[B. Watling Street and the Danelagh]	382
[C. The Military Origin of the Boroughs]	382
[D. The words “Castrum” and “Castellum”]	383
[E. The Burghal Hidage]	385
[F. Thelwall]	385
[G. The word “Bretasche”]	386
[H. The word “Hurdicium”]	387
[I. The word “Hericio”]	388
[K. The Castle of Yale]	388
[L. The Castle of Tullow]	389
[M. The Castle of Slane]	390
[N. The word “Donjon”]	390
[O. The Arrangements in Early Keeps]	391
[P. Keeps as Residences]	392
[Q. Castles Built by Henry I.]	392
[R. The so-called Shell Keep]	393
[S. Professor Lloyd’s “History of Wales”]	393
[Schedule of English Castles from the Eleventh Century]	396
[Index]	401

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[LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS]

FIG.
	Motte-Castles from the Bayeux Tapestry:—Dol, Rennes, Dinan,Bayeux, Hastings	[Frontispiece]
FACING PAGE
[1].	Typical Motte-Castles:—Topcliffe, Yorks; Laughton-en-le-Morthen,Yorks; Anstey, Herts; Dingestow, Monmouth;Hedingham, Essex	4
[2].	Anglo-Saxon MS. of Prudentius	19
[3].	Wallingford, Berks; Wareham, Dorset	28
[4].	Eddisbury, Cheshire; Witham, Essex	36
[5].	Plan of Towcester about 1830	42
[6].	Shoebury, Essex	52
[7].	Willington, Beds	59
[8].	Arundel, Sussex; Abergavenny, Monmouth	98
[9].	Barnstaple, Devon; Berkhampstead, Herts; Bishop’s Stortford,Herts	102
[10].	Bourn, Lincs; Bramber, Sussex	108
[11].	Caerleon, Monmouth; Carisbrooke	114
[12].	Carlisle; Castle Acre, Norfolk	124
[13].	Clifford, Hereford; Clitheroe, Lancs; Corfe, Dorset	128
[14].	Dover (from a plan in the British Museum, 1756)	138
[15].	Dunster, Somerset; Dudley, Staffs	144
[16].	Durham	146
[17].	Ely, Cambs; Ewias Harold, Hereford; Eye, Suffolk	150
[18].	Hastings, Sussex; Huntingdon	158
[19].	Launceston, Cornwall; Lewes, Sussex	164
[20].	Lincoln	166
[21].	Monmouth; Montacute, Somerset; Morpeth, Northumberland	168
[22].	Norham; Nottingham	172
[23].	Norwich (from Harrod’s Gleanings among the Castles andConvents of Norfolk, p. 133)	174
[24].	Okehampton, Devon; Penwortham, Lancs; Pevensey, Sussex	178
[25].	Oxford (from Oxonia Illustrata, David Loggan, 1675)	180
[26].	Pontefract, Yorks; Preston Capes, Northants; Quatford, Salop	188
[27].	Rayleigh, Essex; Richard’s Castle, Hereford	192
[28].	Richmond, Yorks; Rochester, Kent	194
[29].	Rockingham, Northants	202
[30].	Old Sarum, Wilts	204
[31].	Shrewsbury; Skipsea, Yorks	208
[32].	Stafford; Tamworth, Staffs; Stanton Holgate, Salop; Tickhill,Yorks	212
[33].	Tonbridge, Kent; Totnes, Devon	220
[34].	Trematon, Cornwall; Tutbury, Staffs	226
[35].	Wallingford, Berks	228
[36].	Warwick; Wigmore, Hereford	232
[37].	Winchester (from a plan by W. Godson, 1750)	234
[38].	Windsor Castle (from Ashmole’s Order of the Garter)	236
[39].	York Castle and Baile Hill (from a plan by P. Chassereau, 1750)	244
[40].	Motte-Castles of North Wales:—Mold, Welshpool, Wrexham,Mathraval	260
[41].	Motte-Castles of South Wales:—Cilgerran, Blaenporth, ChastellGwalter	282
[42].	Motte-Castles of South Wales:—Builth, Gemaron, Payn’s Castle	290
[43].	Motte-Castles of South Wales:—Cardiff, Loughor	294
[44].	Scottish Motte-Castles:—Annan, Moffat, Duffus, Old Hermitage	310
[45].	Irish Motte-Castles:—Ardmayle, Downpatrick, Drogheda, Castleknock	336

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