M. Hue, Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China in 1846, Vol. II, p. 251. Chicago, 1898.

Elliott Coues, History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Vol. I, p. 159. New York, 1893.

Col. Lane Fox, Early Modes of Navigation, Journal of Anthropological Institute, Vol. IV, pp. 423-425.

H.M. Stanley, Through the Dark Continent, Vol. I, pp. 313-314. New York, 1879.

Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 184, 219-220, 270-272, 300.

Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, p. 288. London, 1896-1898.

Ibid., Vol I, pp. 358-359. Spencer and Gillen, Northern Tribes of Central Australia, pp. 679-680. London, 1904.

Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, pp. 153-154; Vol. II, pp. 91, 100. London, 1896-1898.

Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 166-170.

Captain Winkler, Sea Charts Formerly Used in the Marshall Islands, Smithsonian Report for 1899, translated from the Marine Rundschau. Berlin, 1898.