Sven Hedin, Central Asia and Tibet, Vol. I, pp. 96, 136, 359, New York and London, 1903. Ellsworth Huntington, The Pulse of Asia, pp. 193, 202, 212, 213. Boston, 1907.
Sir Francis Younghusband, The Heart of a Continent, pp. 103, 104, 107, 112-116, 120, 125-128, 137, 138, 143. London, 1904.
S.W. Zwemer, Arabia the Cradle of Islam, pp. 147, 151. New York, 1900. D.G. Hogarth, The Nearer East, pp. 185, 195. 265. London, 1902.
Nachtigal, Sahara und Sudan, Vol. I, pp. 214-218, 267-269. Berlin, 1879.
Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. III, p. 168. London, 1896-1898.
H.R. Mill, International Geography, pp. 906, 914. New York, 1902.
H. Barth, Travels in North and Central Africa, Vol. I, pp. 152, 207, 210, 211. New York, 1857.
Ibid., 41-44, 52, 61-64, 67, 76, 93, 95, 99, 103, 105.
L. March Phillipps, In the Desert, p. 174. London, 1905.
Sir Thomas Holdich, India, pp. 91-93. London, 1905.