Isabella Bird Bishop, The Yangtze Valley and Beyond, Vol. I, pp. 176, 183, 294; Vol. II, p. 107. New York and London, 1900.
F.H., Nichols, Through Hidden Shensi, pp. 51, 54. New York, 1902.
E.J. Payne, History of the New World, Vol. I, pp. 375-378. Oxford, 1892.
Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, p. 162. London, 1896-1898.
E.F. Knight, Where Three Empires Meet, pp. 86-87. London, 1897.
A.B. Ellis, West African Islands, p. 248. London, 1885.
Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. I, p. 254. London, 1896-1898.
Ibid., Vol. I, pp. 426-428.
A.E. Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, p. 122. New York, 1869.
Ibid., 174.