W.W. Rockhill, The Land of the Lamas, pp. 211-212. New York, 1891.

Oscar P. Crosby, Tibet and Turkestan, pp. 148-151. New York and London, 1905.

Westermarck, History of Human Marriage, pp. 470-483, 547-548. London, 1891.

Perceval Landon, The Opening of Tibet, p. 193. New York, 1905.

E.F. Knight, Where Three Empires Meet, pp. 137-141. London, 1897.

Strabo, Book IV, chap. VI, 6, 7, 8, 10.

Ibid., Book III, chap. III, 5, 7, 8.

Ibid, Book VII, chap. VI, 1.

Ibid, Book XI, chap. XII, 4; chap. XIII, 3, 6.

E.F. Knight, Where Three Empires Meet, pp. 346-349, 460-464. London, 1897.