E.C. Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, Chap. XV. Boston, 1903.

W.Z. Ripley, Races of Europe, pp. 215-238. New York, 1899.

Ibid., p. 276, Map p. 274.

E.C. Semple, American History and Its Geographic Conditions, p. 280-283. Boston, 1903.

G.G Chisholm, Commercial Geography, pp. 434, 436. London, 1904.

H.R. Mill, International Geography, p. 1009. New York, 1902.

Ratzel, History of Mankind, Vol. II, pp. 218-225. London, 1896-1898.

Ibid., Vol. II, p. 217.

W.Z. Ripley, Races of Europe, Chap. XXI. New York, 1899.

Dr. C. Keller, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Other East African Islands, pp. 172-175. London, 1901.