“A dogmatic conclusion that human life is on the whole more painful than pleasurable is perhaps rare in England; but it is a widespread opinion that the average of happiness attained by the masses, even in civilised communities, is deplorably low, and that the present aim of philanthropy should be rather to improve the quality of human life than to increase the quantity.”—Professor Henry Sidgwick (“History of Ethics,” p. 247).


TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES

  1. Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling.
  2. Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed.