The mechanism of the human voice

by Emil Behnke

[C] "Medical Hints on the Production and Management of the Singing Voice," Fifth Edition, p. 15. London: Chappell and Co.

[D] Only for the purpose of ascertaining the capacity of the lungs before commencing the exercises, and the gain acquired after some weeks of regular work.

[E] "The Throat and its Diseases," pp. 289, 290. London: Baillière, Tindall, and Cox.

[F] "The Throat and its Functions." New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

[G] Sphincter is an anatomical term applied to circular muscles which constrict or close certain natural orifices.

[H] "Ueber die Compensation der physischen Kräfte am menschlichen Stimmorgan," p. 8. Berlin, 1839.

[I] "Voice in Singing," p. 189. Philadelphia, 1875.

[J] "Anatomist's Vade Mecum." By Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S. London. Eighth edition, p. 596.

[K] Helmholtz, "Sensations of Tone:" translated by Alexander J. Ellis, F.R.S., &c., p. 37.

[L] "Philosophy of Voice," 2nd edition, p. 19. Baillière, Tindall, and Cox.