Quarter! Lady, ere I die.

The earlier troubadours were still ignorant of the later dogma which made chaste love the sole fountain of virtue and the road to perfection—the beloved woman can make of her admirer what she wills—a saint or a sinner.

Thus Guillem of Poitiers says:

Love heals the sick

And a grave does it delve

For the strong; mars the beauty of beauty itself,

Makes a fool of the sage with its magic,

A clown of the courteous knight,

And a king of the lowliest wight.

The equally early Cercamon: