5. The drinking-water supplied to cattle should meet essentially the same requirements as are demanded of water supplied to dwellings.
6. In maintaining the health of the young cattle an important factor is the pasturage. For larger dairies an arrangement used at our Marburg experimental station, consisting of a lightly constructed shelter within a large enclosed pasture, is to be recommended.
7. The disinfecting of infected stables is to be done in accordance with the government regulations.[8] [This refers to the German regulations of June 23, 1880, and May 1, 1894.] Here it is to be remarked that disinfection of the stables by means of formaldehyde generation is not even then accomplished when one far exceeds the requirements formulated by Flügge for the Breslau method. Utilizing the opportunity presented by a number of courses given at Marburg in the method of making protective inoculations, etc., we have found that even in the stable of the pest laboratory here, which is very easily closed off, the above-mentioned formaldehyde fumigation is ineffectual; for by treating the disinfected objects with ammonia water it was found that neither anthrax virus nor cocci, in the dry state, were certainly destroyed by the fumigation.
8. More important than the disinfection by means of chemicals is the prevention of the accumulation of infectious materials on the stable utensils, in the food, on the body surface of the cattle, on the body and clothing of the stablemen. Training the stablemen to the use of warm or hot water and soap; the use of towels and dishcloths which have been rendered germ-free by means of hot water or dry heat before throwing them among the soiled clothes; special regard to a rational care of the milker’s hands, including the removal of the dirt under the nails; all of these are the most important measures for the prevention and suppression of stable infection.
9. If it is desired to secure a milk as free from dirt and germs as possible (not over 400 germs per c.c.), the following additional measures must be taken:
I. Presupposing that the milk is to be used for infant-feeding, the same is to be filled into bottles holding 250 to 500 c.c. All parts of the bottle, including the air-tight and germ-tight closing contrivance, must be constructed so as to be readily cleansed, and further, so that they can, without injury, be sterilized by heat.
II. In order to meet all the requirements for cleansing and sterilizing milk-bottles, the following rules are recommended. The bottles returned by the consumers are in a soiled condition and contain fluid remnants of milk:
(a) The cleansing of the bottles should be undertaken in a well-ventilated room which can readily be kept clean and which may also serve as the bottling room. This room is to be so separated from the stables that the stable odors cannot gain access.
(b) The following manipulations are required to clean the bottles:
(α) Energetic rinsing with 10% warm soda solution.