| ANTWERP | 163 |
Development of modern trade—Rural industry—Humanism and Lutheranism—The placards—Anabaptism—Calvinism.
| THE BEGGARS | 174 |
Philip II—Marguerite of Parma and the Consulta—Resistance of the Council of State—The "Compromise"—The Iconoclasts—Catholic reaction.
| SEPARATION | 182 |
North and South—The Duke of Alba and the Council of Blood—Requesens—"Spanish Fury"—Pacification of Ghent—Don Juan—Policy of Orange—Archduke Matthias—The Duke of Anjou—The "Malcontents"—Confederation of Arras—Union of Utrecht—"French Fury"—The fall of Antwerp.