[722] See Thévenot, Voyage au Levant, Paris, 1689, p. 638. The fact was still round in 1862.
[723] Lacassagne, Les Tatouages, p. 10.
[724] Lombroso, L'homme criminel, I, p. 292.
[725] Lombroso, ibid., I, pp. 268, 285, 291 f.; Lacassagne, op. cit., p. 97.
[726] See above, p. 127.
[727] For the authority of the chiefs, see Spencer and Gillen, Nat. Tr., p. 10; Nor. Tr., p. 25; Howitt, Nat. Tr., pp. 295 ff.
[728] At least in Australia. In America, the population is more generally sedentary; but the American clan represents a relatively advanced form of organization.
[729] To make sure of this, it is sufficient to look at the chart arranged by Thomas, Kinship and Marriage in Australia, p. 40. To appreciate this chart properly, it should be remembered that the author has extended, for a reason unknown to us, the system of totemic filiation in the paternal line clear to the western coast of Australia, though we have almost no information about the tribes of this region, which is, moreover, largely a desert.
[730] The stars are often regarded, even by the Australians, as the land of souls and mythical personages, as will be established in the next chapter: that means that they pass as being a very different world from that of the living.
[731] Op. cit., I, p. 4. Cf. Schulze, loc. cit., p. 243.