[960] Howitt, ibid., p. 493; L. Parker, The Euahlayi, p. 76.
[961] L. Parker, The Euahlayi, p. 76; Howitt, Nat. Tr., pp. 493, 612.
[962] Ridley, Kamilaroi, p. 153; L. Parker, The Euahlayi, p. 67; Howitt, Nat. Tr., p. 585; Mathews, loc. cit., p. 343. In opposition to Baiame, Daramulun is sometimes presented as a necessarily evil spirit (L. Parker, loc. cit.; Ridley, in Brough Smyth, II, p. 285).
[963] J.A.I., XXI, pp. 292 ff.
[964] The Making of Religion, pp. 187-293.
[965] Lang, ibid., p. 331. The author confines himself to stating that the hypothesis of St. Paul does not appear to him "the most unsatisfactory."
[966] The thesis of Lang has been taken up again by Father Schmidt in the Anthropos (1908-1909). Replying to Sydney Hartland, who had criticized Lang's theory in an article entitled The "High Gods" of Australia, in Folk-Lore (Vol. IX, pp. 290 ff.), Father Schmidt undertook to show that Baiame, Bunjil, etc., are eternal gods, creators, omnipotent, omniscient and guardians of the moral order. We are not going to enter into this discussion, which seems to have neither interest nor importance. If these different adjectives are given a relative sense, in harmony with the Australian mind, we are quite ready to accept them, and have even used them ourselves. From this point of view, omnipotent means having more power than the other sacred beings; omniscient, seeing things that escape the vulgar and even the greatest magicians; guardian of the moral order, one causing the rules of Australian morality to be respected, howsoever much these may differ from our own. But if they want to give these words meanings which only a spiritualistic Christian could attach to them, it seems useless to discuss an opinion so contrary to the principles of the historical method.
[967] On this question, see N. W. Thomas, Baiame and Bell-bird—A Note on Australian Religion, in Man, 1905, No. 28. Cf. Lang, Magic and Religion, p. 25. Waitz had already upheld the original character of this conception in his Anthropologie d. Naturvölker, pp. 796-798.
[968] Dawson, p. 49; Meyer, Encounter Bay Tribe, in Woods, pp. 205, 206; Howitt, Nat. Tr., pp. 481, 491, 492, 494; Ridley, Kamilaroi, p. 136.
[969] Taplin, The Narrinyeri, pp. 55-56.