| Archbishops of Canterbury. | |
| Stigand | 1052–1070 |
| Lanfranc | 1070–1089 |
| Anselm | 1093–1109 |
| Ralph of Escures | 1114–1122 |
| William of Corbeil | 1123–1136 |
| Theobald | 1139–1161 |
| Thomas à Beckett | 1162–1170 |
| Richard | 1174–1184 |
| Baldwin | 1185–1190 |
| Reginald Fitz Joscelin | 1191 |
| Hubert Walter | 1193–1205 |
| Stephen Langton | 1207–1229 |
| Richard le Grand | 1229–1231 |
| Edmund Rich | 1234–1240 |
| Boniface of Savoy | 1245–1270 |
| Robert Kilwardby | 1273–1278 |
| John Peckham | 1279–1292 |
| Robert Winchelsey | 1294–1313 |
Next to Canterbury came the important bishopric of London. The latter was a very large and powerful diocese, originating first at Dorchester A.D. 634, dividing into two sees, Winchester and Sherborne, A.D. 705, which were further subdivided, the latter into Sherborne and Wells, and the Winchester see into Selsey and Ramsbury (Corvinensis); all reuniting in 1075 into the powerful bishopric of Old Sarum, eventually removed to Salisbury, 1218. Thus it will be seen that Winchester and Sherborne were the chief bishoprics, the others being offshoots of later creation.
The Bishops of Salisbury commenced under Herman (died 1077), previously known as Bishop of Sherborne (Scirburniensis).
- Osmund, died Dec. 3, 1099.
- Roger, elected 1102, consecrated 1107, died 1139.
- Jocelin de Bailul, died a Cistercian Monk at Waverley Abbey, 1184.
- Hubert Walter, 1189, translated to Canterbury, 1193.
- Herbert Poore, 1194.
- Richard Poore, 1217. The see then transferred to New Sarum or Salisbury.
- Robert Bingham, 1228.
- William of York, 1246.
- Giles de Bridport, 1256.
- Walter de La Wyle, 1263.
- Robert de Wykehampton, 1271.
- Walter Scammel, 1284.
- Henry de Braundeston, 1287.
- William de La Corner, 1289.
- Nicolas Longespée, 1293.
- Simon of Ghent, 1207.
- Roger de Mortival, 1315.
| Bishops of Winchester who were Chancellors of England. | |
| William Giffard, introduced the Cistercian Monks into England | 1100–1129 |
| Nicholas Ely | 1268–1282 |
| John Sandall | 1316–1320 |
| Adam Orlton | 1333–1345 |
| William Edyngdon, first Prelate of the Order of the Garter; the Bishopsof Winchester have ever since retained this honour | 1345–1367 |
| William de Wykeham. Introduced the Perpendicular architecture into England;built Winchester College and New College, Oxford; rebuilt partof his Cathedral. A great reformer of abuses | 1367–1404 |
| Henry Beaufort (Cardinal) increased the St. Cross Almshouses; took aprominent part in the burning of Joan of Arc. See Shakespeare’s‘Henry VI.’ | 1404–1447 |
| William de Waynflete, first Provost of Eton. Founded Magdalen College,Oxford; continued his master’s (William de Wykeham’s) reformationof abuses, etc. | 1447–1487 |
| Thomas Wolsey, the celebrated Cardinal Wolsey of history. Heldthe see in commendam | 1528–1530 |
| Stephen Gardiner. He figures as one of the most prominent ecclesiasticsduring the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Mary. His life ispart of the history of those times | 1531–1550 |
| Chief Justices of England. | |
| Odo of Bayeux and William Fitz Osbern, Earl of Hereford | 1067 |
| William de Warren and Richard Fitz Gilbert | 1073 |
| Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, andRobert, Count of Mortain | 1078 |
| Odo, Bishop of Bayeux | 1087–1088 |
| William de St. Carileph, Bishop of Durham | 1088 |
| Ranulph Flambard, Bishop of Durham | 1094–1100 |
| Robert Bloett, Bishop of Lincoln | 1100–1107 |
| Roger Le Poor, Bishop of Salisbury | 1107–1139 |
| Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester | 1154–1167 |
| Richard de Luci | 1154–1179 |
| Ranulph Glanville | 1180–1189 |
| Hugh, Bishop of Durham, and William, Earl of Essex | 1189 |
| Hugh, Bishop of Durham, and William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely | 1190 |
| William Longchamp alone | 1190 |
| Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen | 1191–1193 |
| Hubert Walter, Archbishop of Canterbury | 1194–1198 |
| Geoffrey Fitz Peter, Earl of Essex | 1198–1213 |
| Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, native of Poitiers | 1214–1215 |
| Hubert de Burgh | 1215–1232 |
| Stephen Segrave | 1232–1234 |
| Hugh Bigot | 1258–1260 |
| Hugh Le Despenser | 1260 |
| Philip Basset | 1261 |
| Ralph de Hengham | 1273–1289 |
| Gilbert de Thornton | 1289–1295 |
| Roger Brabazon | 1295 |
| Chancellors of England. | |
| Herfast, afterwards Bishop of Elmham | 1068 |
| Osbern, afterwards Bishop of Exeter | 1070–1074 |
| Osmund, afterwards Bishop of Salisbury | 1074–1078 |
| Maurice, afterwards Bishop of London | 1078–1083 |
| William de Beaufoe, afterwards Bishop of Thetford | 1083–1085 |
| William Giffard | 1086–1090 |
| Robert Bloett | 1090 |
| Walderic | 1093 |
| William Giffard | 1094–1101 |
| Roger Le Poor | 1101–1103 |
| William Giffard | 1103–1104 |
| Walderic | 1104 |
| Ranulph | 1108–1123 |
| Geoffrey Rufus | 1124–1135 |
| Roger Le Poor | 1135–1139 |
| Philip | 1139 |
| Thomas à Beckett | 1154–1162 |
| Ralph de Warneville | 1173–1181 |
| Geoffrey, the King’s son | 1181–1189 |
| William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely | 1189–1197 |
| Eustace, Bishop of Ely | 1197–1199 |
| Hubert Walter | 1199–1205 |
| Walter Grey | 1205–1213 |
| Peter des Roches | 1213–1214 |
| Walter Grey | 1214 |
| Richard de Marisco | 1214–1226 |
| Ralph Neville | 1226–1244 |
| Walter de Merton | 1261 |
| Nicolas de Ely | 1263 |
| Thomas Cantelupe | 1265 |
| Walter Giffard | 1265 |
| Godfrey Giffard | 1267 |
| Richard Middleton | 1269–1272 |
| Walter de Merton | 1272 |
| Robert Burnell | 1273–1292 |
| John Langton | 1292 |
| William Greenfield | 1302 |
| William of Hamilton | 1304 |
| Ralph Baldock | 1307 |
The witnesses were chosen from the King’s chief officers, with a few local magnates. This will sometimes be a valuable guide to locality when the county is not named. But as a rule the name of the county is written on the margin, and also the name of the place, together with a brief index of the contents of the charter.
CHAPTER VIII.
PARISH REGISTERS.
The study of parish registers is quite apart from that of old deeds. The writing of the former begins at the period where the latter usually end, for deeds written in the seventeenth century are regarded by the antiquary as ‘modern’; but then comes the most difficult handwriting of all to decipher, because the old race of scholarly clerks had died out and been replaced by less educated men.