[5] Perhaps the meaning is that Mahābat had imprisoned ʿĀrif, the son of the Zāhid whom Jahāngīr had condemned to death, for in the 18th year Jahāngīr speaks of Zāhid as a rebel. But the sentence is not clear. [↑]
[6] Elliot, VI. 390. It seems probable that this is the place mentioned in the Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, I. 410, in the biography of Bāqir K. Najm S̤ānī, and also in the Pādis͟hāh-nāma, I. 333. It is called there “the Pass of Chhatar Diwār,” and is described as the boundary between Orissa and Telingana, and is two koss from Khairapāra. One Manṣūr, a servant of Qut̤bu-l-mulk, had built a fort there, and called it Manṣūr-garh. [↑]
[7] Bulbulī. I had supposed this to be Pīplī, but the latter place is in the Balasore district, and nearer Bengal than Cuttack. Curiously enough Pipli or Pippli is not given in the I.G. new ed., though it is given as Pippli in the old. There is also a Pipli in the Puri district (I.G., new ed., XX. 404). In the Maʾās̤iru-l-umarā, I. 137 and 194, in the biographies of Ibrāhīm Fatḥ K. and Aḥmad Beg, the place is taken to be Pipli. It is also Pipli in the Iqbāl-nāma, 217, where also Cuttack is described as being 12 koss off, towards Bengal. The maps show a Pipalgaon between Puri and Cuttack, and about 30 m. from the latter place. A Pipli in the Puri district is mentioned in the I.G., new ed. [↑]
[8] Text istiʿdād, but the true reading is istibʿād. Istibʿād namūda, “regarded the thing as at a distance,” or “was surprised.” The I.O. MSS. end here, their last words being “Till at length there came a conciliatory letter from Laʿnatu-llah (ʿAbdu-llah).” The R.A.S. MS. continues with Muḥammad Hādī’s supplement. [↑]
Addendum
Mr. Berthold Laufer’s paper on “Walrus and Narwhal Ivory,” reprinted at Leyden, 1913, from the Toung Pao, throws light on Jahāngīr’s remarks about fish-tooth dagger-hilts. It now seems certain that they were made of the canine tooth of the walrus, or the horn of the narwhal. Possibly one reason why Jahāngīr attached so much value to the fish-teeth was because they were supposed to be an antidote to poison. He was fond of such things, and one day, when he was heir-apparent, Father Jerome Xavier found him engaged at Fatḥpūr in extracting copper from peacocks’ tails, on account of its supposed antitoxine properties.
It is stated in Mr. Laufer’s paper, pp. 13 and 15, that walrus-teeth were supposed to be also useful in reducing swellings. As they were often made into knife-handles, it is not improbable that the knife which a Rajah of Cochin appears to have sent to Akbar in 1569 (Akbar-nāma, i. 342) was, wholly or in part, made of walrus ivory. The Rajah said that whenever it was applied to a swelling it reduced it, and Akbar told Abū-l-Faẓl that over 200 persons had benefited by touching it.
In the British Museum there is a fascinating set of chessmen made of walrus or narwhal ivory. They were discovered in the island of Lewis in 1831, but are supposed to be as old as the twelfth century.