Footnotes

[1.] Cf. Bernays, Lukian und die Kyniker, Berlin, 1879. [2.] 224 c. [3.] Aristides, Orations 402 d. [4.] The precise meaning of the phrase is uncertain; it has been suggested that it arose from the custom of altering or “countermarking” coins so as to adapt them for the regular currency; see 192 c, Oration 7. 208 d. [5.] ἱκανὰς Naber adds. [6.] φαμεν Hertlein suggests, φασι MSS. [7.] A proverb signifying that all is topsy-turvy: cf. Euripides, Medea 413 ἄνω ποταμῶν ἱερῶν χωροῦσι παγαί. [8.] Of Sinope: he was the pupil of Antisthenes and is said to have lived in a jar in the Metroum, the temple of the Mother of the Gods at Athens; he died 323 b.c. [9.] For the tradition that Diogenes died of eating a raw octopus cf. Lucian, Sale of Creeds 10. [10.] A pupil of Socrates and founder of the Cynic sect. [11.] A proverb, but Julian may allude to Matthew 6. 28. [12.] Herodotus 6.129; Hippocleides, when told by Cleisthenes that by his unbecoming method of dancing he had “danced away his marriage,” made this answer which became a proverb. [13.] καταπεμφθεῖσα Reiske would add. [14.] τῆς ζωῆς Wright σώματος Hertlein, MSS. Petavius suspects corruption. [15.] θεῷ Klimek, θεῶν Hertlein, MSS. [16.] An echo of Plato, Philebus 16 c; cf. Themistius 338 c. [17.] e.g. eloquence, commerce, and social intercourse. [18.] ταῦτα Hertlein suggests, τὰ MSS. [19.] προσήκειν—ἄνθρωπον, Hertlein suggests, cf. Maximus of Tyre 4. 7; ἔφη τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ ζῷον εἶναι τὸν ἄνθρωπον MSS. [20.] Cf. 188 b; Juvenal, Satires 11. 27; E caelo descendit γνῶθι σεαυτόν. [21.] Odyssey 4. 379. [22.] Iliad 13. 355. [23.] Nestor; Odyssey 3. 174. [24.] Heracleitus fr. 80. [25.] Cf. Oration 4. 143 a. [26.] οὐδ᾽ ὁ Hertlein suggests, οὐδὲ MSS. [27.] ἔτι Hertlein suggests, ἤδη Reiske, ἐστὶν MSS. [28.] Zeno of Citium in Cyprus, the founder of the Stoic school. [29.] Julian seems to mean that Zeno and the Stoics could not accept without modification the manner of life advocated by the Cynic Crates. [30.] δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS. [31.] ἀπεληλακόσι Naber, ἀπεληλάκασι Hertlein, MSS. [32.] παρίασιν Cobet, παριᾶσιν Hertlein, MSS. [33.] οἳ διχάδε Hertlein suggests, cf. Symposium 215, οἱ δὲ MSS. [34.] Cf. Oration 5. 159 b. [35.] Cf. Oration 7. 210 d, 212 a. [36.] Plato, Symposium 215. [37.] Before αἴτιος Cobet omits τις. [38.] Before κατέλιπεν Cobet omits οὗτος. [39.] οὕτω φιλοσοφῆσαι Reiske suggests, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [40.] μόνον Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον MSS. [41.] Of Gadara, a Cynic philosopher whose date is probably the second century a.d.; cf. 199 a, 209 b, 210 d, 212 a. [42.] Lucian, Sale of Creeds 8, makes Diogenes say that he had modelled himself on Heracles. [43.] Heracleitus fr. 16, Bywater. [44.] Cf. Oration 7. 208 d, 211 b, 211 c. [45.] Apollo. [46.] Of Thebes, the Cynic philosopher, a pupil of Diogenes; he lived in the latter half of the fourth century b.c. [47.] Plato, Laws 730 b. [48.] Alcibiades i. 129 a. [49.] Crito 44 c. [50.] Epistle 2. 314 c; Julian quotes from memory and slightly alters the original; Plato meant that in his dialogues he had suppressed his own personality in favour of Socrates. [51.] τῇ καθαρᾷ χρῆσθαι Hertlein suggests, τῇ γε ὡς ἀρχῃ MSS., corrupt. [52.] δὲ Hertlein suggests. [53.] τὴν Naber suggests. [54.] Cf. Lucretius, De Rerum Natura 3. 359 foll.; Sextus Empiricus, Adversus Mathematicos 7. 350. [55.] αὐτὸ τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, αὐτοῦ MSS. [56.] τὴν θεωρίαν Hertlein suggests, πρὸς τὴν θεωρίαν MSS., θεωρίας Petavius. [57.] δὲ after ἀπέδοσαν Hertlein suggests, τε MSS. [58.] δοκοῦσιν· Hertlein suggests, δοκοῦσιν, MSS. [59.] δὲ Hertlein suggests, δὴ MSS. [60.] τούτους; οὐχ ὡς Hertlein suggests, τούτους, ὡς MSS. [61.] καὶ γὰρ Hertlein suggests, καίτοι MSS. [62.] Plato, Protagoras 314 a. [63.] Phaedo 81 a. [64.] Iliad 5. 304. [65.] δὲ after ἀνθρώπων Hertlein suggests. [66.] ἀνάλωται Hertlein suggests, δείκνυται MSS. [67.] μᾶλλον Hertlein suggests, μόνον MSS. [68.] πως Hertlein suggests, ἴσως MSS. [69.] Demeter, who regulated the customs of civilised life, especially agriculture: her festival was the Thesmophoria. [70.] Odyssey 12. 331. [71.] οὔτι ἄλογον Hertlein suggests, οὐ χαλεπὸν MSS. [72.] Genesis 9. 3. [73.] Timaeus 77 b. [74.] Plato, Protagoras 321 a, b; Plato however says that the theft of fire by Prometheus saved mankind, and that later Zeus bestowed on them the political art. [75.] ἔχων οὐδ᾽ οἰκέτην Kaibel, οὐκ οἰκέτην ἔχων Hertlein, MSS.; Hertlein prints the second verse as prose. [76.] Cf. Letter to Themistius 256 d; Nauck, Adespota Fragmenta 6; Diogenes Laertius, 6. 38, says that this was a favourite quotation of Diogenes; its source is unknown. [77.] Cf. 188 c, Plato, Laws 730 b. [78.] The stater or Daric was worth about a sovereign. [79.] Iliad 5. 766. [80.] ταῦτὰ Hertlein suggests, ταῦτα MSS. [81.] An oath used by the Pythagoreans, who regarded the tetrad, the sum of the first four numbers, as symbolical of all proportion and perfection; cf. Aetios, Placita 1. 7. Pythagoras, Aureum Carmen 47, Mullach νὰ μὰ τὸν ἁμετέρᾳ ψυχᾷ παραδόντα τετρακτύν. [82.] πως Hertlein suggests, πάντως MSS. [83.] Cf. Oration 268 d; Euripides fr. 1007 Nauck ὁ νοῦς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ἐν ἑκάστῳ θεός; Iamblichus, Protrepticus 8. 138. [84.] ζηλωταὶ ἐάσαντες Hertlein suggests, ζηλώσαντες MSS. [85.] πρὶν Hertlein suggests, καὶ τρίτον MSS. [86.] Euripides fr. 488; Misopogon 358 d. [87.] Cf. Oration 1. 40 b, 2. 74 c, notes. [88.] ταῦτα καὶ Hertlein suggests, καὶ ταῦτα MSS. [89.] δύνῃ Hertlein suggests, cf. Diogenes Laertius 6. 5. 2; δύνασαι MSS. [90.] Cf. Plato, Epistles 326 b. [91.] An echo of Xenophon, Anabasis 7. 1. 29. [92.] Diogenes Laertius 6. 86; Palatine Anthology 9. 497; Julian paraphrases the verses of Crates, cf. Crates fr. 14, Diels. [93.] Palatine Anthology 10. 104. [94.] ἑθεράπευε Hertlein suggests, ἐθεράπευσε MSS. [95.] I.e. parodies such as the verses here quoted which parody Solon's prayer fr. 12, Bergk; cf. 213 b. [96.] ὄλβον Wright, cf. 213b, οἶτον MSS., Hertlein. [97.] ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀγινεῖν Hertlein, MSS. [98.] καθυφείσθω Hertlein suggests, καθείσθω MSS. [99.] Before κεκλημένος Cobet adds καὶ; cf. Oration 8. 250 c. [100.] An echo of Euripides, Phoenissae 551, περιβλέπεσθαι τίμιον, κενὸν μὲν οὖν. [101.] Thucydides 1. 118. [102.] εὐδαιμονήσουσιν Hertlein suggests, εὐδαιμονήσωσιν MSS. [103.] αὐτῷ Cobet, οὕτω Hertlein, MSS. [104.] δρᾶν, Petavius, φάναι Hertlein, MSS. [105.] ψυχρῷ Naber, θερμῷ Hertlein, MSS. [106.] φιλονεικῶν Hertlein suggests, φιλῶν νεκρὸν, MSS. [107.] Cf. Dio Chrysostom, Oration 6. 12, Arnim. [108.] A proverb; Sicily was famous for good cooking; cf. Plato, Republic 404 d; Horace, Odes 1. 1. 18, “Siculae dapes.” [109.] Demosthenes, De Corona 47. [110.] σὺ Reiske adds, παραμενέτω μέν σοι Reiske conjectures, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [111.] Demosthenes, De Corona, 308, cf. Vol. I. Oration 5. 178 d. [112.] Murray's translation of Sallust in Four Stages of Greek Religion, New York, 1912. [113.] Oration 7, 219. [114.] Cf. Vol. I, Oration 2. 56 d. [115.] Asmus, Julian und Dion Chrysostomus, 1895; cf. Praechter, Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 5. Dion Chrysostomus als Quelle Julians. Julian only once mentions Dio by name, Oration 7, 212 c. [116.] Themistius, 280 a. [117.] Maximus of Tyre, Dissertation 20. [118.] Eupolis fr. 4. [119.] Cf. Misopogon 366 c. [120.] Odyssey 20. 18. [121.] After Καρίᾳ Reiske suggests ἀνέφανη. [122.] οἱ Cobet adds. [123.] οἱ Cobet adds. [124.] τε Hertlein suggests, τι MSS. [125.] Ἰξίων νεφέλῃ τινὶ Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [126.] τούτοις ἀντ᾽ ἀληθοῦς ψευδὴς Cobet, lacuna Hertlein, MSS., ἐντέτηκε Wright, τέτηκε Hertlein, MSS. [127.] αὐτοῖς Wright, αὐτῷ Hertlein, MSS. [128.] προσαρτῶσι Hertlein suggests, προσαρτᾶν MSS. [129.] Ἱππεῖς ἐν Θετταλίᾳ καὶ Θραᾴκῃ was a well-known proverb; cf. Oration 2. 63 c, d. [130.] i.e. Hera; cf. Pindar, Pythian 2. 20 foll.; Dio Chrysostom 4. 130, Arnim. [131.] Cf. Plato, Theaetetus 151 e. [132.] The whole passage echoes Plato, Phaedrus 251. [133.] Cf. Archilochus frr. 86, 89; Archilochus used the beast-fable or parable: Julian here ignores his own distinction and uses the wider term “myth.” Hesiod used myth as well as fable. [134.] Plato, Phaedo 61 b. [135.] τὴν τύχην Cobet, οὐ τὴν τύχην Hertlein, MSS. [136.] μὴν Hertlein suggests, μὲν MSS. [137.] τί δέον ὀνομάσαι; τί Reiske, δέον ὀνομάσαι, τὸν Hertlein MSS. [138.] ῥᾷον Hertlein suggests, ῥᾴδιον MSS. [139.] Literally a boat: a proverb; Anonym. Com. Gr. Frag. 199. [140.] Iliad 5. 442; Hesiod, Theogony 272. [141.] An echo of Plutarch, Antonius 28: τὸ πολυτελέστατον, ὡς Ἀντιφῶν εἶπεν, ἀνάλωμα, τὸν χρόνον. [142.] οὕτω Hertlein suggests, αὐτῷ MSS. [143.] μήτι Cobet μήτοι Hertlein, MSS. [144.] διαλέξομαι Cobet, διηγήσομαι Spanheim, Hertlein, V illegible. [145.] παιομένους Cobet, πολεμουμένους Hertlein, MSS. [146.] Cf. Oration 6. 188 a, b. [147.] Cf. Oration 6. 187 c. [148.] The pit or chasm at Athens into which the bodies of criminals were thrown; cf. Xenophon, Hellenica 1. 7. 20. [149.] For the ceremony of driving out the scapegoat see Harrison, Prolegomena to Greek Religion 97; Frazer, Golden Bough, Vol. 3, p. 93. [150.] i.e. Homer. [151.] Odyssey 3. 73. [152.] ἄρα περιπατοῦσιν Hertlein suggests, ἀναστρέφονται καὶ περιπατοῦσιν Cobet, ἀναπατοῦσιν MSS. [153.] ὁμολογουμένως Cobet, ὁμολογουμένας Hertlein, MSS. [154.] χωρείτω Hertlein suggests, χαιρέτω MSS. [155.] τῆς Cobet, τῆς τοῦ Hertlein, MSS. [156.] A proverb; cf. Archilochus fr. 27, Bergk. [157.] A robber whom Theseus killed; Plutarch, Theseus 11. [158.] i.e. Alexander. [159.] Plato, Phaedo 63 c. [160.] Dio Chrysostom, Oration 4. 12, Arnim. [161.] ἀγείρειν Cobet, ἀσινῆ Hertlein, MSS. [162.] Cf. Oration 6. 199 d. [163.] Bacchae 370. [164.] συνεκροτείτην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεκροτεῖτον MSS. [165.] συνεγιγνέσθην Cobet, Hertlein approves, συνεγέγνεσθον MSS. [166.] i.e. in honour of Olympian Zeus. [167.] Cf. Themistius 182 a. [168.] Phoenissae 472. [169.] φαίνονται Hertlein suggests, ἐφαίνοντο MSS. [170.] ἐπιτιθεὶς Hertlein suggests, ἐπιθεὶς MSS. [171.] προρρητέον Reiske, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [172.] τῷ πρακτικῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ τε ἠθικῷ MSS. [173.] λογίσαισθε Cobet, λογίσεσθε Hertlein, MSS. [174.] Plato, Timaeus 54 a. [175.] τοῦ φυσικοῦ τῷ Hertlein suggests, τῷ φυσικῷ οὔτε MSS. [176.] Heracleitus fr. 123, Diels; cf. Themistius 69 b. [177.] σ᾽ ἐχρῆν Hertlein suggests, ἐχρῆν MSS. [178.] Orpheus. [179.] i.e. in his allegory the Choice of Heracles; Xenophon, Memorabilia 2. 1. 2; Julian, Oration 2. 56 d. [180.] i.e. Pan and Zeus; cf. 208 b. [181.] i.e. ethics and theology; cf. 216 b. [182.] Iamblichus; cf. Oration 4. 157 d. [183.] Cf. Oration 5. 170. [184.] Cf. Oration 4. 144 a. [185.] A proverb for mysterious silence; cf. Theognis 815; Aesch. Ag. 36. [186.] δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS. [187.] κατὰ Cobet, καὶ Hertlein, MSS. [188.] Cf. Oration 4. 149 b. [189.] Cf. Oration 5. 170 b, c. [190.] Cf. Dio Chrysostom, Oration 1. 61, Arnim. [191.] Cf. 230 b. [192.] Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2; Athenaeus 11. 470. [193.] This is perhaps a passing sneer at the Christians and need not be taken too seriously. [194.] σωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτυπημάτων Friederich; Hertlein approves but would omit ἕν: δωμάτιον ἓν τῶν κτημάτων Hertlein, MSS., τὸ δωμάτιον ἓν κτύπημα τῶν Reiske, ἐνσκήψαντος Arnoldt. [195.] Cf. Euripides, Bacchae 279 foll. [196.] Cf. Pindar fr. 85. [197.] Cf. Oration 4. 134 a. [198.] An oracular verse from an unknown source. [199.] μεταβαλεῖν Hertlein suggests, μεταβάλλειν MSS. [200.] τινῶν Hertlein suggests, τινὰ MSS. [201.] ἡμερίς = the vine; ἥμερος = gentle. [202.] κόσμω ... κατ ... γματ ... ξιν V, lacuna MSS. [203.] ἄξια, φράζειν δέ γ᾽ οὐ ῥᾴδια ἐμοί Hertlein suggests, lacuna MSS. [204.] Here follows a lacuna of several words. [205.] Cf. Plato, Republic 382 d. [206.] Πενθεὺς ἔπαθε MSS.; Hertlein would omit ἔπαθε. [207.] ἂν Hertlein would add. [208.] τελεσιουργηθῇ Hertlein suggests, τελεσιουργηθείη MSS. [209.] A proverb for forced laughter, cf. Odyssey 22. 302; Plato, Republic 337 a. [210.] δράτω τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, πρῶτον τῷ MSS. [211.] τοῖς ξύλοις Hertlein would add; Naber suggest βάκτροις. [212.] προσκτῶνται Hertlein suggests, προσῆν οἶμαι MSS. [213.] προσαχθῆναι Hertlein suggests, πραχθῆναι MSS. [214.] Hellebore, supposed to be a cure for madness, grew at Anticyra; hence the proverb: cf. Horace, Satires 2. 3. 166. [215.] Or “solitaries”; the word also means “heretic”; but Julian evidently alludes to Christian monks who lived on charity. [216.] ἰέναι Cobet, πορευόμεθα Hertlein suggests, lacuna V. [217.] δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS. [218.] A proverb to express emulation; cf. Juvenal 2. 81. [219.] Plutarch, Erotici p. 759, says this of the Cynics; cf. Diogenes Laertius 7. 121. [220.] τοῦ δεῖνος Cobet, τοῦ δὲ Hertlein, MSS. [221.] Empedocles, fr. 21, Diels. [222.] Heracleitus, fr. 96, Diels. [223.] ὡς φασὶ ταύτῃ Cobet, cf. Oration 4. 148 b, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [224.] σός· Hertlein suggests; σός, ὡς ἔφης MSS. [225.] Cf. Oration 4. 148 b. [226.] 223 a. [227.] Archilochus. [228.] ἐπεκτήσατο Naber, ἐκτήσατο Hertlein, MSS. [229.] αὐτῷ τῶν Klimek, αὐτῷ καὶ τῶν Hertlein, MSS. [230.] Constantine. [231.] Iliad 2. 474. [232.] Iliad 20. 221. [233.] Cf. Plato, Charmides 156 e. [234.] The curse of Oedipus on his sons; cf. Euripides, Phoenissae 67; Plato, Alcibiades 2. 138 c; Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 817, 942. [235.] The Christian churches were so called because they were built over the tombs of the martyrs. [236.] γένει αἴτιος Cobet, γένει καὶ παισὶν αἴτιος Hertlein, MSS. [237.] ἐπικρατήσει Hertlein suggests, ἐπικρατήσῃ MSS. [238.] i.e. between cousins. [239.] τὸ σὸν Hertlein suggests, σὸν MSS. [240.] Julian himself. [241.] Iliad 9. 231. [242.] Iliad 11. 164. [243.] Iliad 24. 348. [244.] λειοτέρας, Klimek, λείας Hertlein, MSS. [245.] δόρυ Hertlein suggests, μάχαιραν MSS; cf. 231 c. [246.] i.e. as the god of eloquence. [247.] Plato, Republic 618 b. [248.] Cf. Aeschylus, Agamemnon 160. [249.] περιβαλὼν Cobet, περιβάλλων Hertlein, MSS. [250.] καταδυόμενος Naber thinks corrupt, but cf. Letter to the Athenians 285 a. [251.] Literally “the Gorgon's head,” which formed the centre of the aegis or breastplate of Athene; cf. 234 a. [252.] Constantius. [253.] Iliad 3. 415. [254.] φιλεῖν Cobet, φίλων Hertlein, MSS. [255.] λάθοι Hertlein suggests, λάθῃ MSS. [256.] Peter 1. 5. 8; Thessalonians 1. 5. 6. [257.] An echo of Plato, Republic 495 e. [258.] ταῖς ἐκείνων Cobet, ἐκείνων ταῖς Hertlein, MSS. [259.] τὴν πανοπλίαν Hertlein suggests, πανοπλίαν MSS. [260.] τῶν ἐντολῶν Hertlein suggests, ἐντολῶν MSS. [261.] τοῦτο Hertlein suggests, τοῦτον MSS. [262.] μαινομένου Hertlein suggests, τοῦ μαινομένου MSS. [263.] Plato, Phaedrus 244 foll. [264.] Odyssey 11. 235; Pindar, Pythian 4. 143; Salmoneus was destroyed by a thunder-bolt for imitating the thunder and lightning of Zeus. [265.] Maximus of Ephesus. [266.] Iamblichus. [267.] Literally “winged.” [268.] φίλα Cobet, φιλικὰ Hertlein, MSS. [269.] A direct quotation from Demosthenes, De Corona 128; the word omitted by Julian is κάθαρμα = “off-scourings,” or “outcast,” addressed by Demosthenes to Aeschines. [270.] An echo of Xenophon, Anabasis 1. 5. 14. [271.] For this device of introducing hackneyed poetical and mythological allusions cf. Themistius 330, 336 c; Aristides, Oration 20. 428 d; Himerius, Oration 18. 1. Epictetus 3. 282. [272.] A proverb for wealth; cf. Theocritus 10. 13. [273.] δῆτα Cobet adds, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [274.] συστατικὸν Cobet, ἀστατικὸν V, Hertlein, ἐνστατικὸν Reiske, εὐστατικὸν Spanheim. [275.] δὴ Cobet, δὲ Hertlein, MSS. [276.] προηγόρευτο Cobet, προηγορεύετο Hertlein, MSS. [277.] Pythagoras. [278.] Philebus 12 c. [279.] Timaeus 40 d; Julian fails to see that Plato is not speaking seriously. [280.] Aristotle. [281.] ἐκφοβήσεις Cobet, ἐκφοβήσῃς Hertlein, MSS. [282.] ὁποίας Hertlein suggests, ὅπως MSS. [283.] συνιεὶς Hertlein suggests, συνεὶς MSS. [284.] μέγα φρονοῦντα Cobet, μεγαλοφρονοῦντα Hertlein, MSS. [285.] τοῖς Naber, τούτοις Hertlein, MSS. [286.] Diogenes Laertius 6. 39. [287.] Diogenes like Socrates claimed that he had a δαιμόνιον, a private revelation to guide his conduct; cf. 212 d. [288.] Cf. Oration 4. 148 a, note. [289.] This was the πρόρρησις or praefatio sacrorum; cf. Livy 45. 5. [290.] cf. vol. i. p. 351. [291.] κοινὸν Wright, καινὸν Hertlein, MSS. [292.] ἂν—μιμήσαιτο Hertlein suggests, μιμήσεται MSS. [293.] ἀντηχήσειε Hertlein suggests, ἀντηχήσει MSS. [294.] Odyssey 4. 227; a sophistic commonplace; cf. 412 d, Themistius 357 a; Julian seems to mean that the nepenthe was not really a drug but a story told by Helen. [295.] Plato, Phaedo 60 b. [296.] Cf. Oration 2. 101 a. [297.] Mardonius. [298.] Iliad 17. 720. [299.] Iliad 11. 401. [300.] Iliad 11. 163. [301.] Iliad 17. 242. [302.] μόνος—φροντίδος Brambs regards as a verse; Hertlein prints as prose. [303.] Nauck, Adespota fragmenta 430. [304.] ἀλλὰ Reiske supplies, lacuna Hertlein: after πραττόμενα several words are lost. [305.] πολυειδοῦς Cobet, πολυτελοῦς Hertlein, MSS. [306.] Julian quotes from memory and paraphrases Epistle 7. 325 c. [307.] This feat of Xerxes became a rhetorical commonplace. [308.] Aristophanes, Acharnians 1; cf. 248 d. [309.] A commonplace; Plato, Laws 659 e; Julian, Caesars 314 c; Dio Chrysostom 33. 10; Themistius 63 b, 302 b; Maximus of Tyre 10. 6. [310.] Odyssey 11. 202. [311.] Demosthenes, De Corona 97; cf. Julian, Epistle 53. 439 d. [312.] Cf. Caesars 309 c note. [313.] Plato, Charmides 156 d. [314.] Iliad 9. 524. [315.] Odyssey 9. 14. [316.] οὐ μόνον οὐ δυσχεραίνω χαίρω δὲ Hertlein suggests, cf. 37 b, 255 d; καὶ χαίρω γε MSS. [317.] ἀρετῆς Hertlein suggests, τῆς ἀρετῆς MSS. [318.] Theocritus 12. 15. [319.] Hesiod, Works and Days 293, 295 ὃς αὑτῷ πάντα νοήσῃ; Diogenes Laertius 7. 25. [320.] καὶ θατέρῳ Hertlein suggests, θατέρῳ MSS. [321.] Diogenes Laertius 8. 10; Pythagoras persuaded his disciples to share their property in common. [322.] ὢν Hertlein would add. [323.] ὁπουοῦν Cobet, ὅπου Hertlein, MSS. [324.] τὴν οὗ Hertlein suggests, οὗ MSS. [325.] θηρίοις Cobet, ὄρνισιν Hertlein, MSS. [326.] Cf. Livy 27. 7. [327.] Cobet rejects this sentence as a gloss; but Julian perhaps echoes Plato, Menexenus 246 C. [328.] This a very inappropriate application to Pericles of the speech of Critoboulos in Xenophon, Symposium 4. 12; cf. Diogenes Laertius 2. 49. [329.] The Attic stade = about 600 feet. [330.] Epicharmus fr. 13. [331.] Iliad 15. 80. [332.] ἐπῄει Reiske adds. [333.] νυκτέρων Cobet, νυκτερινῶν Hertlein, MSS. [334.] Theognis 153. τίκτει τοι κόρος ὕβριν, ὅταν κακῷ ὄλβος ἔπηται. [335.] Euripides, Phoenissae 165, μορφῆς τύπωμα στέρνα τ᾽ ἐξῃκασμένα. [336.] Nauck, Adespota trag. frag. 108. [337.] ἐνδίδωσι Hertlein suggests, δίδωσι MSS. [338.] δῆλον Cobet, δῆλοι Hertlein, MSS. [339.] πρωτεῖα Cobet, πρῶτα Hertlein, MSS. [340.] Iliad 5. 304. [341.] Cf. 243 c. [342.] Two familiar proverbs. [343.] Iliad 9. 420. [344.] Iliad 1. 55. [345.] The Megarians on inquiring their rank among the Greeks from the Delphic oracle were told that they were not in the reckoning at all, ὑμεῖς δ᾽ οἱ Μεγαρεῖς οὐκ ἐν λόγῳ οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἀριθμῷ; cf. Theocritus 14. 47. [346.] πόνων Hertlein suggests, φόβων MSS. [347.] Cf. Dio Chrysostom 13. 4, Arnim. [348.] Odyssey 5. 84. [349.] Iliad 2. 673. [350.] Odyssey 10. 119 foll. [351.] Odyssey 13. 332. [352.] Cf. Oration 6. 201 c; Thucydides 1. 118. [353.] Iliad 24. 63. [354.] Iliad 8. 1. [355.] Odyssey 3. 1. [356.] Odyssey 19. 172. [357.] ὑπερέχον Naber, ὑπάρχον Hertlein, MSS. [358.] ὀρέγεσθαι Petavius, lacuna Hertlein, MSS. [359.] ἄγουσα Cobet, ῥέπουσα Hertlein, ... οὐσα V. [360.] The Propontis. [361.] Sallust was a native of Gaul. [362.] These are regular epithets of Zeus. [363.] Theocritus 7. 57. [364.] Odyssey 24. 402; and 10. 562. [365.] Themistius 260 c, 345 c. [366.] 245 d. [367.] 33, 295 b. [368.] Vol. 5, p. 742. [369.] Libanius Epistle 1061 mentions an Oration by Themistius in praise of Julian, but this is not extant. [370.] διαιτημάτων Naber, διηγημάτων Hertlein, MSS. [371.] The Emperor Marcus Aurelius. [372.] Apparently an echo of Dio Chrysostom, Oration 1. 9, Arnim. [373.] Euripides, Orestes 16. [374.] γ᾽ ἂν Hertlein suggests, γοῦν MSS. [375.] εὐφυῶς Reiske adds. [376.] καὶ Γλαύκωνα ... λέγει· τὸν δὲ Wyttenbach, Γλαύκωνα δὲ ἐκεῖνον ὡς Ξενοφῶν λέγει, καὶ τὸν Hertlein, MSS. [377.] After λεγόμενον several words are lost. [378.] λόγῳ Reiske, λόγοι Hertlein, MSS. [379.] The Bosporus; Themistius was probably at Constantinople. [380.] Epicurus; his advice was λαθὲ βιώσας. [381.] Literally “from the βῆμα,” i.e. the stone on the Pnyx from which the Athenian orator addressed the people. [382.] Memorabilia 3. 6. 1. [383.] Alcibiades. [384.] The Stoic philosopher. [385.] Cf. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1. 10. 6. [386.] Cf. Oration 6. 195b, note. [387.] Iliad 2. 25. [388.] παρασκευῆς Hertlein would read, τῆς παρασκευῆς MSS. [389.] θαυμασιώτερον MSS.; Hertlein following Cobet reads θαυμαστότερον but in later Preface would restore MSS. reading. [390.] Alexander. [391.] θεῖον Hertlein suggests, θεὸν MSS. [392.] Laws 709b. [393.] A play on words: διανομὴ and νόμος are both connected with νέμω = “to distribute.” [394.] Laws 713-714; Julian condenses and slightly alters the original. [395.] Ἀθηνῶν Cobet, Ἀθηναίων Hertlein, MSS. [396.] We know nothing more of the events here mentioned. [397.] A proverb derived from Iliad 6. 236, where Glaukos exchanges his golden armour for the bronze armour of Diomede. [398.] Aristophanes, Wasps 1431. [399.] ὡς Klimek, ὅς Hertlein, MSS. [400.] τὸν τοιοῦτον εἶδος πολιτείας Hertlein suggests, cf. Aristotle Politics 3. 16, 1287 a, τὸ τοιοῦτον εἶδος MSS. [401.] ὃς Hertlein would add. [402.] Several words indicating the second point enumerated seem to have been lost. [403.] οἷόν Hertlein suggests, ὃ MSS. [404.] A proverb; cf. “bringing coals to Newcastle.” [405.] Aristotle, Politics 3. 15. 1286b. [406.] Ibid 3. 16. 1287a. [407.] Cf. Plato, Theaetetus 153. [408.] Before Solon's measure to cancel debts was generally known, some of his friends borrowed large sums, knowing that they would not have to repay them. [409.] Aristotle, Politics 7. 3. 1325b. [410.] Odyssey 21. 26. [411.] ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... τοὺς κυρίους Hertlein suggests, τοὺς ἐν τῷ πράττειν ... κυρίους MSS. [412.] πρότερος Hertlein suggests, πρότερον MSS. [413.] The father of Socrates. [414.] This school was founded by Phaedo in Elis and later was transferred by Menedemus to Eretria. [415.] The Megarian school founded by Euclid was finally absorbed by the Cynics. [416.] Simmias and Cebes were Pythagoreans; cf. Plato, Phaedo, where they discuss with Socrates. [417.] Alexander; Julian seems to be misquoting Plutarch, Moralia 78 d. [418.] Cf. Caesars 326 b note. [419.] A historian under Augustus. [420.] The Platonic philosopher and astrologer, cf. Tacitus, Annals 6. 21. [421.] The Stoic philosopher exiled by Nero. [422.] ἁπάσῃ μηχανῇ follows ὑμῶν in MSS.; Hertlein suggests present reading. [423.] τε Hertlein suggests, γε MSS. [424.] Demosthenes, De Corona 23. [425.] Cf. Caesars 323 b. [426.] The first King of Media; reigned 709-656 b.c. [427.] A priest of Apollo whose story and date are uncertain. [428.] A Scythian prince who visited Athens at the end of the sixth century b.c.; cf. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 5. 32; Lucian, Anacharsis. [429.] The story is told in Plutarch, Themistocles. [430.] Athene. [431.] τὸν ἐμὸν Hertlein suggests, ἐμὸν MSS. [432.] ἐξέδυσε Hertlein suggests, ἐρρύσατο οὐδὲ Cobet, ἐρρύσατο MSS. [433.] Gallus. [434.] Euripides, Orestes 14, τί τἄρρητ᾽ ἀναμετρήσασθαί με δεῖ; [435.] ἡμᾶς Hertlein, Reiske suggest, ὑμᾶς MSS. [436.] ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Τράλλεσι φυγῆς Hertlein suggests, ἁπὸ τραλφυγῆς V, ἀπο τρα φυγῆς Petavius. [437.] διάγοντε Hertlein suggests, διαγαγόντες MSS. [438.] The castle of Macellum. [439.] Cf. Demosthenes, Against Meidias 41. [440.] Eusebius; cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 14. 11; 22. 3. [441.] The sister of Gallus was the first wife of Constantius. [442.] ἀκηκόατε Cobet, ἠκούσατ [443.] δὴ Hertlein suggests, δὲ MSS. [444.] The title of Caesar. [445.] Gaudentius. [446.] A town in Illyricum. [447.] For the account of this alleged conspiracy cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 15. 3. [448.] Cf. Oration 1. 48 c; 2. 98 c, d. [449.] At Milan. [450.] Milan. [451.] Eusebius. [452.] περιβλέπων ... σοβῶν Hertlein suggests, περιβλέποντες ... σοβοῦντες MSS. [453.] Cf. Oration 1. 32 a. The origin of the proverb is obscure; cf. Cicero, Letter to Atticus 9. 13. [454.] Mardonius. [455.] ἐδεχόμην Naber, δὲ εἱλόμην Hertlein, MSS. [456.] ὁμωρόφιος Cobet, ὁμορόφιος Hertlein, MSS. [457.] ἔδειξεν Hertlein suggests, ἐπέδειξεν MSS. [458.] τριακοστὸν Hertlein suggests, τριακοσιοστὸν MSS. [459.] ἀφελῶς Cobet, ἀσφαλῶς Hertlein, MSS. [460.] An echo of Plato, Phaedo 62 c; cf. Fragment of a Letter 297 a. [461.] Cf. Ammianus Marcellinus 15. 8. [462.] Oreibasius; cf. Letter 17. [463.] ὑπακούοντα Hertlein suggests, ὑπακούσοντα MSS. [464.] 355 a.d. [465.] αὐτὸς MSS., Cobet, [αὐτὸς] Hertlein. [466.] At Vienne. [467.] Marcellus. [468.] ὀλίγον Hertlein suggests, ὀλίγῳ MSS. [469.] 357 a.d. [470.] Cologne. [471.] Strasburg. [472.] Chnodomar. [473.] ἐπέστειλε πρός με τὸ αὐτὸ πράττειν Horkel, ἐπέστειλεν αὐτὸ πρός με, πράττειν Hertlein, MSS. [474.] δ᾽ after ἀφελόμενος Hertlein suggests. [475.] Cf. Isocrates, To Demonicus 14. [476.] ἄσμενος [477.] βλέπων ... κατανόησας Horkel, κατανόησας ... βλέπων Hertlein, MSS. [478.] γραμματεῖον Horkel adds, δέλτον Naber. [479.] δή Hertlein would add. [480.] Julian was at Paris. [481.] Cf. Thucydides I, lxxvii. 2. [482.] ὢν Cobet, τῶν Hertlein, MSS. [483.]

Odyssey 3. 173.

ᾐτέομεν δὲ θεὸν φῆναι τέρας, αὐτὰρ ὅ γ᾽ ἡμῖν δεῖξε καὶ ἠνώγει.