[137] Titus Livius, V. 30.
[138] Titus Livius, VI. 21.—It appears that the Pontine Marshes were then very fertile, since Pliny relates, after Licinius Mucianus, that they included upwards of twenty-four flourishing towns. (Natural History, III. v. 56, edit. Sillig.)
[139] Titus Livius, VI. 35-42.—Appian, Civil Wars, I. 8.
[140] See the remarkable work of M. A. Mace, Sur les Lois Agraires, Paris, 1846.
[141] Roman Colonies.—Second period: 244-416
Lavici (Labicum) (336). Latium. (Via Lavicana.) La Colonna.
Vitellia (359). The Volscians. (Via Prænestina.) Uncertain. Civitella or Valmontone.
Satricum (370). The Volscians. Banks of the Astura. Casale di Conca,
between Anzo and Velletri.
Latin Colonies.—Second period: 244-416.
Antium (287). Volscians. Torre d’Anzio or Porto d’Anzio.
Suessa Pometia (287). Near the Pontine Marshes. Disappeared at an early period.
Cora. Volscians (287). Cori.
Signia (259). Volscians. Segni.
Velitræ (260). Volscians. Velletri.
Norba (262). Volscians. Near the modern village of Norma.
Ardea (312). Rutuli. Ardea.
Circeii (361). Aurunces. Monte Circello: San Felice or Porto di Paolo.
Satricum (369). Volscians. Casale di Conca.
Sutrium (371). Etruria. (Via Cassia.) Sutri.
Setia (372) Volscians. Sezze.
Nepete (381). Etruria. Nepi.
[142] It is thus that we see, in 416, each poor citizen receiving two jugera, taken from the land of the Latins and their allies. In 479, after the departure of Pyrrhus, the Senate caused lands to be distributed to those who had fought against the King of Epirus. In 531, the Flaminian law, which Polybius accuses wrongly of having introduced corruption into Rome, distributed by head the Roman territory situated between Rimini and the Picenum; in 554, after the capture of Carthage, the Senate made a distribution of land to the soldiers of Scipio. For each year of service in Spain or Africa, each soldier received two jugera, and the distribution was made by decemvirs. (Titus Livius, XXXI. 49.)
[143] “Marcus Valerius demonstrated to them that prudence did not permit them to refuse a thing of small importance to citizens who, under the government of the kings, had distinguished themselves in so many battles for the defence of the Republic.” (Year of Rome 256.) (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, V. 65.)—“On one hand, the plebeians pretended not to be in a condition to pay their debts; they complained that, during so many years of war, their lands had produced nothing, that their cattle had perished, that their slaves had escaped or had been carried away in the different incursions of the enemies, and that all they possessed at Rome was expended for the cost of the war. On the other hand, the creditors said that the losses were common to everybody; that they had suffered no less than their debtors; that they could not consent to lose what they had lent in time of peace to some indigent citizens in addition to what the enemies had taken from them in time of war.” (Year of Rome 258.) (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, VI. 22.)