The lists of objects of all kinds found up to the present time, with the fine works of art we have been considering, have already filled several volumes: This means that these industrial objects almost enable us to evoke the daily life of the ancient inhabitants of Elam. There are cylinders, some in glazed pottery, others in ivory, hæmatite, chalcedony, and jasper, which were employed to seal their contracts; alabaster vases of various shapes; an immense number of small gold, silver, and bronze rings, and also flat disks in these metals, which may have been used for money; a dove in lapis-lazuli, studded with gold; magnificent gold bracelets and others of silver and bronze, often worked with great delicacy, pins, fibulæ, pendants, beads in glass, alabaster, lapis-lazuli, and pottery, sometimes incised with geometric designs: domestic utensils, heads of staves or sceptres, axes, knives, and various weapons: there is nothing missing of the ordinary outfit of the subjects of Shutruk-Nakhunta, king of Elam, the great conqueror and builder.
Two horns made of alabaster, bearing inscriptions in the name of this prince, must have belonged to an enormous bull’s head.[113] There are numbers of objects of a votive character, which appear to have been thrown in quantities into the foundations of the temple of Shushinak. Griffins’ heads in gold, animals’ heads in pottery, lions carved in agate in the round, bulls’ heads in lapis, pendants in carnelian mounted in gold, sheets of gold with Anzanite inscriptions. There is ample space in this new field of archæology for studying these objects, for classifying and comparing them, and drawing from them all the information that can be afforded by their examination.
Want of space forbids our dwelling longer on this subject, and for the same reason we will say nothing about the numerous monuments of the period of the Persian Achæmenids, nor with yet stronger reason, of the time of the Parthians, Arsacids, and Sassanians, which does not enter into the scheme of our present volume. And yet, in bringing this rapid sketch to a conclusion, we will remark that, of all the discoveries made by M. de Morgan, that which is perhaps most admired by the public is the gold jewellery, set with precious stones, which came from the tomb of a woman of the period of the Persian Achæmenids. It is advisable to compare it from a technical point of view with the more ancient jewellery of the Elamite period.
These bracelets, pendants, and gold beads, these multiple rows of the richest necklaces, bear witness to the extraordinary luxury of the courts of Darius and Xerxes, and may well dazzle us. Noticeable among these treasures are pendants formed of minute gold curls, in imitation of the curled and wavy manes of lions. Here I believe we find an artistic innovation of striking originality in a form of art bound by conventions and traditions.
The setting of the gems in gold mounts of marvellous delicacy has not in any civilisation attained a higher level than in Achæmenian Susa. It is necessary to use a magnifying glass to examine this minute and delicate work. Here is the perfection of the goldsmith’s art, and these Persian jewels of the fifth century B.C. now form a preponderant and essential factor in the question round which so much controversy rages, of the origin of cloisonné jewellery.
INDEX.
[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [X], [Z]
Absalom, Tomb of, [234].
Abu Habbah, [2], [12], [42].
Abu Shahrein, [2], [3], [10], [18], [73], [76].
Achæmenid dynasty,
Palaces of, [56], [118], 147 ff.
jewellery, [337].
Addume, [294].
“Æginetan smile,” [273].
Afaj, [36].
Agade, [47], [308], [319], [320].
Ahasuerus, [139].
Ahura-mazda, [165], [166], [172], [179].
Ain el-Hayât, [240].
Alabaster,—
thresholds of, [17].
statuette of, [42].
uses of, in Assyrian architecture, [85].
Phœnician mortuary vases of, [259].
vases, [307], [335].
beads, [336].
horns, [336].
Ala-Safat, [230].
Alexander the Great, [312].
Altar of burnt-offerings, the, [221].
bronze, [327].
Amanus, [60].
Amathus,—
vase of, [31], [77].
tombs at, [260].
colossus of, [271], [272].
iconic statues from, [274].
sarcophagus from, [291].
patera from, [291].
Amethyst, [142].
Ampulla, sacred, on cylinder, [47].
Amrith, [239], [248], [253], [264], [277].
Amulets, [17], [21], [44], [51], [259].
Animals,—
figures of, on Chaldæan tiles, [19].
representation of, in Assyrian sculpture, [107], [108], [109].
Annipi, [294].
Antiphellus, [177].
Antonia, Tower of, [210], [211], [212], [218], [232].
Anunit, the goddess, [2].
Anzan, [302].
Anzanite inscription, [304], [307], [319].
on gold sheets, [336].
“Apadâna” of Persian palaces, [154], [157], [168], [301].
Aperlæ, [177].
Apes, in Assyrian sculpture, [109].
Appian, on harbours of Carthage, [250].
Aradus, [247].
Arak et Emir, [232].
Araunah, [205], [208], [215].
Arbela (see Arvil).
Arch, use of, by Assyrians, [55].
of Titus, [226].
Archers, frieze of, at Susa, [169], [170].
Architraves, [77], [152].
Archivolt, at Khorsabad, [116].
Aristophanes, [41].
Aristotle, on Babylon, [79].
Ark, Jewish, [224], [225].
Armenia, [76].
Arrangement of rooms in Chaldæan palaces, [16].
Arrian, on tomb of Cyrus, [177].
Artaxerxes Mnemon, [168], [183].
Artaxerxes Ochus, [152].
Arvil, [51].
Asmonæan kings of Judæa, [218].
Asrinilu, [46].
Assurbanipal, [60], [72], [92], [310].
campaign of, against his brother, [80].
as canephoros, [89].
with his wife, [101], [102].
progress of sculpture in time of, [113].
furniture of, [135].
Assur-nasir-pal, [60], [61], [72], [91], [92], [138], [139].
statue of, [86].
progress of art under, [112].
Astarte, [241], [243], [245], [260], [264], [279].
“Atesh-gahs,” [173], [174].
Athieno, [242], [270], [271].
Attitude of prayer (see Gestures).
Baal-Hammon, [245], [246], [263], [267], [268], [269].
Baal-Samaim, [245].
Babel, Tower of, [4].
Babil, mound of, [16], [52], [73].
Babylon, [1], [60], [118].
walls of, [5], [79], [80], [81].
modelling in clay at, [39], [123].
buildings at, [52].
temple of Bel at, [73].
extent of, [79].
Bagdad, [15].
Bahr-el-Huleh, [230].
Balaneum (see Banias).
Balawat, [51].
gates of, [126], [127].
Banias, [246].
“Baphomet,” [202].
Baris, Tower of (see Antonia).
Basalt stela, [34].
Base of columns, [11], [12], [43], [64], [65].
Basement (see Platform).
Basilica of Herod, [219].
Basin, movable, in Jewish Temple, [229].
Basins before temples, [31], [77].
Basket, mystical, [36], [37], [89].
Bas-reliefs,—
Chaldæan, [23-6], [324].
Assyrian, [54], [91-3], [311].
Persian, [159-66].
Hittite, [187-91], [193-202].
Phœnician, [262-4].
Carthaginian, [266-9].
Cypriote, [274-6].
Elamite, bronze, [327].
Battlements,—
of platform at Khorsabad, [53].
of walls of Assyrian towns, [81], [82], [110].
of platform at Persepolis, [152].
Bavian, [187].
Beads, [336].
Bel, the god—
temple of, at Babylon, [7], [73], [74], [76], [77], [78], [119], [125].
Bel and the Dragon, Book of, [77].
Belisarius, [227].
Belshazzar, [114].
Belus, the river, [283], [287].
Berosus, [2], [119].
Berytus, [247].
Bes, the god, [259], [264], [271], [272].
Birds, treatment of, in Chaldæan art, [25].
in Assyrian art, [109].
offered to the gods, [331], [332].
Birejik, stela from, [187].
Birket-Israîl, [208].
Birs Nimroud, Mound of, [6], [16], [52], [73].
Bit-kutalli, [70].
Bitumen, use of, as mortar, [5], [6], [8], [17], [20], [314].
Boar on Babylonian tablet, [128].
Boaz, the column so-called, [227].
Boghaz-Keui, [191].
Borsippa, [78].
Botta, E., [66], [142].
Boulé, M., [246].
Bracelets, Assyrian, [142], [143].
Elamite, [335].
Achæmenian, [337].
“Brazen Sea” in Jewish Temple, [77], [228].
Branchidæ, [28].
Brick column at Susa, [315].
Bricks,—
use of, by Chaldæans, [3-8], [10], [17], [19].
by Assyrians, [53], [65], [74], [116-20].
by Persians, [167-72].
by Hittites, [191].
by Elamites, [314].
Bronze, [12], [18], [35-7], [63], [70], [125-34], [227-9], [288-92].
use of, in Susa, [326].
altar, [327].
cylinders, [327].
bas-relief, [327].
statues, [330].
knuckle-bone, Temple of Didyma, [313].
Bulls,—
winged and human-headed, [92-6], [154], [167], [224].
in Assyrian decorative designs, [114], [115].
in Persian sculpture, [162], [163].
on Elamite cylinders, [305], [307].
Bulls’ horns on tiara, [23], [26].
Burin, [45], [308].
Burj el-Bezzâk, [255].
Byrsa, [246].
Byzantine architecture, [159].
“Caillou Michaux,” [33], [34], [325].
Calah, [91].
Cambyses I., [176].
Cambyses II., [150].
Candlesticks, Jewish, [226], [227].
Canephoros, [36], [37], [89].
Canopy of Persian throne, [165].
Capitals, [12], [43], [63], [64], [155], [156], [227], [242], [248].
Cap of Chaldæan statue, [28], [334].
Caralis, [260].
Carchemish, [185].
Carthage, [247], [248], [249].
Caryatids, [86], [87], [327].
Casat Crendi, [244].
Cedar-wood, use of, in Assyria and Babylon, [60], [61], [78].
Cemetery, Assyrian, [50].
Ceramics,—
Chaldæan, [38-40].
Assyrian, [121-5].
Phœnician, [277-9].
Cypriote, [280-1].
Carthaginian, [282].
Cesnola, P. di, [242], [243].
Chair, Assyrian, [135].
Chalcedony, [44], [142], [182], [335].
Characene, [12].
Chariots, Assyrian, [136], [137].
Chedorlaomer, [300].
Cherubim, [93], [224].
Cidaris, [179].
Cippi, [111], [260], [268].
Cisterns,—
Jewish, [215], [232], [233].
Carthaginian, [249].
Citium, [270].
Clamps, use of, in building, [149], [150], [191].
Clay, in building, [4], [6], [39], [40], [54], [56].
tablets, Elamite, [305].
Clercq, M. de, [45], [46], [47].
Clermont-Ganneau, on Phœnician patera, [290].
Cloisonné, [337].
Coffins, at Mugheir, [20].
Phœnician, [256-9].
Colocynths, [224], [225], [228], [229].
Columns,—
Chaldæan, [9-12].
Assyrian, [61-6].
Persian, [153-6].
Jewish, [217], [227], [231].
Cypriote, [241], [242], [248].
Elamite, [315].
Concrete, [17].
Cone, mystical, [242].
Cones, [18], [21], [36], [38].
Contracts under protection of gods, [326].
Corbelled vault, [14].
Courts,—
of Chaldæan palaces, [16], [17].
of Assyrian palaces, [69], [70].
of Jewish Temple, [218-21].
Crater, [292].
Cross, as Assyrian ornament, [143].
Ctesias, [70], [81], [119].
Cuneiform writing, origin of, [305], [306].
Curium, [243].
Cylinder,—
foundation, [21], [22].
inscribed, [305], [306], [307].
huge bronze, [327].
Elamite, [335].
seals, [335].
Cylindrical seals, [17], [21], [44-9], [142-5], [146], [180-4], [203], [294-8].
Cyrus, [146].
his portrait, [160].
Dakhmas, [174], [175].
Dali, [259].
Daniel, Book of, [114].
Darius, [150], [152], [301], [312].
bas-relief of, [166].
tomb of, [178-80].
cylindrical seal of, [181].
David, [205], [232].
Decoration,—
of Chaldæan vases, [39], [40].
of Chaldæan walls, [9], [12].
of Assyrian vases, [122], [123].
of Hittite cylinder, [203].
of Holy Place in Jewish Temple, [224].
of Phœnician sculpture, [263], [264], [267], [268], [269].
Deir Ghuzaleh, [231].
Demons, [116], [130], [132-4].
Didyma, Temple of, [313].
Dieulafoy, M., [118], [149], [165], [174].
Dimas, [252].
Diodorus Siculus, [76], [80], [119].
Diorite, [17], [26], [316], [323].
Disk, winged, [166], [172], [187], [201], [240], [263], [269], [296].
Disks, metal, used as money (?) [335].
Divan, Assyrian, [135].
Divine Mother, The, [48], [124], [267], [281].
Dolmens, [230], [231].
Domes, [15], [56], [158], [159].
Doors, [17], [152].
“Double Gate” of Jewish Temple, [216], [217].
Dowry, record of, [33].
Drainage, [20], [21], [51], [57-9].
Drapery,—
treatment of, in Chaldæan sculpture, [34], [35].
treatment of, in Assyrian sculpture, [105].
treatment of, in Persian sculpture, [161], [165], [166].
in Cypriote art, [273], [274].
Drill, use of, by Assyrian seal-engravers, [144].
Dungi, [309].
Dur-Sarrukin, [66], [69].
Eagle and Lion Tablet, [24].
E-anna, Temple of, [6], [310], [311].
Ecbatana, [74], [75], [146].
Eflatoun, [200].
Egyptian style,—
in pateræ from Assyria, [128].
in ivories from Assyria, [137], [138].
in Persian architecture, [156].
sarcophagi in Phœnicia, [257], [258].
E-kua, Temple of, [60], [78].
Elam, [299].
Elam-Anzanite period, [304].
Elephant in Assyrian sculpture, [109].
Embroidery,—
Chaldæan, [34], [41].
Assyrian, [105], [106], [138-41].
Persian, [172], [180].
Jewish, [224].
Enamelled bricks, [19], [70], [74], [83], [116-20], [153], [167-72], [336].
Enamelled statuettes in Phœnicia, [278].
Enio, the goddess, [196].
E-parra, Temple of, [6].
Ephod, [230].
Erech, [2], [48], [125], [309].
Eridu, [2].
Eryx, [247].
E-saggil, Temple of, [6], [73], [78].
Esarhaddon, [22], [72], [92].
Eshmun, the god, [245], [246], [268].
Eshmunazar, [257].
Esther, Book of, [140].
E-ulbar, Temple of, [7], [22].
Eunuchs, [100], [324].
Euphrates, [32].
Euyuk, [192].
Ex votos, [312], [336].
“Exaltation of the Flower,” bas-relief of, [160].
Ezekiel, [119].
E-zida, Temple of, [6], [73], [78].
Façade at Abu Shahrein, [18].
at Warka, [18].
on bas-relief from Assurbanipal’s palace, [62].
of temple of god Haldia, [76], [77].
of Assyrian palaces, [92], [93].
at Persepolis and Susa, [156], [157].
Ferashbad, [158]
Figurines in terra-cotta,—
from Chaldæa, [40], [41].
in Assyrian tombs, [51]
from Khorsabad, [121], [122]
from Babylon, [124], [125].
from Phœnicia and Cyprus, [277-81].
Fire-altars, [173].
Firuzabad, [158], [159].
Flints, worked, [303].
Floral designs—
on Babylonian tiles, [19], [118].
Flowers, treatment of, in Assyrian sculpture, [110].
Fly-flaps, [135], [164], [324].
Fortress,—
Assyrian representation of, [110].
Foundation-cylinder, [21], [22].
Friezes,—
from Susa, [168-71].
Fringes,—
in Chaldæan drapery, [28], [36], [37], [41], [202].
in Assyrian drapery, [105], [106].
in Elamite drapery, [332].
Frœhner, M., on the glass vase of Sargon, [286].
Furniture,—
Chaldæan, [43].
Assyrian, [134-6].
of Jewish temple, [223-7].
Gabr-i-Madar-i-Soleiman, [175].
Gates,—
of Assyrian fortresses, [82-4].
of Balawat, [126], [127].
of Jewish Temple, [215-17].
Gaulois, [243].
Gaumates, [179].
Genesis,—
on bricks at Babel, [4].
on the “Great City,” [81].
Genii,—
on the “Caillou Michaux,” [33].
wear tiara with horns, [36].
on Chaldæan cylindrical seals, [45].
before temple of Haldia, [77].
on façades of Assyrian palaces, [92-96].
identified with cherubim, [93], [224].
in Persia, [161].
animal’s feet and tail, [317].
Genseric, [227].
Gestures,—
in Assyrian bas-reliefs, [102], [103].
Chaldæan attitude of prayer, [331], [332].
Ghiaur-Kalesi, [199].
Giants, [307].
Giganteja, [243].
Glass, [283-8].
vase of Sargon, [285].
transparent, invention of, by Phœnicians, [283].
opaque, origin of, in Egypt, [284].
manufacture of, at Tyre and Sidon, [287].
Glazed statuettes in Phœnicia, [278].
sandstone, [314], head-dress, [334].
Glazed tiles,—
in Chaldæa, [19].
in Assyria, [116-20].
in Persia, [167-72].
in Susa, [314].
Gold—
disks as money, [335].
rings, [335].
studs, [328], [334].
statuette, [331].
filigree, [331].
settings for gems, [337].
pendants, [337].
“Golden Gate” of Jewish Temple, [217].
Golgoi, [242].
Gophna, [235].
Gozo, [243].
Græco-Parthian kings, [12].
“Great City,” The, [81].
Greek—
artists in Persia, [148], [160].
influence in Cypriote art, [272], [273], [276], [281].
influence in Jewish art, [234], [236].
Griffin’s head, [336].
Gudea, [309].
palace of, at Tello, [3], [8-20].
cones bearing name of, [38].
statues of, [26-9].
plan of fortress upon statue of, [81].
inscriptions upon statues of, [112].
Gypsum, [53].
Hadrian, [249].
Hadrumetum, [268].
Hæmatite, [44], [334].
Hagiar Kim, [224].
Hair—
shaved in Chaldæan statuettes, [36].
treatment of, in Assyrian sculpture, [100].
in Persian art, [160], [170].
in Hittite art, [188], [190], [193], [194], [196], [200].
in Phœnician art, [262].
in Cypriote art, [270], [273], [274].
treatment of, in Elamite art, [329].
shaved in Elamite statuettes, [331].
Haldia, the god, [76], [77].
Hamath, [185].
Hammurabi, [44], [309], [323].
Hanbury, Col., Chaldæan sword belonging to, [37].
Haram esh-Sherif, [211].
Harbours of Carthage, [250].
of Tyre and Sidon, [250].
of Thapsus, [252].
of Utica, [252].
Hareem of Chaldæan palace, [16].
of Assyrian palace, [69], [70].
of Solomon’s palace, [232].
Harness, Assyrian, [141].
Phœnician, [277].
Head-dress,—
Chaldæan, [23], [26], [28], [40], [41], [321].
of gods and genii, [36], [200], [317].
Assyrian, [101], [143].
Median, [146].
Persian, [170], [179], [181].
Hittite, [188], [191], [195], [198], [200].
Cypriote, [270], [271], [273].
Hebron, [232], [233], [234].
“Heit-el-Maghreby,” [213].
Helmets, Assyrian, [128].
Heracles, [274].
Herod, [208], [209], [210], [211], [212], [214], [223].
Herodian masonry, [212], [213], [215], [216], [232], [234].
Herodotus,—
on use of bricks at Babylon, [5].
on temple of Bel at Babylon, [73], [74], [77], [78].
on fortress of Ecbatana, [74], [75].
on the royal city of Babylon, [80].
on figures of “Sesostris” in Ionia, [112], [201].
on absence of temples and statues in Persia, [172].
on treatment of dead by Persians, [175].
on “persis,” [179].
Heuzey, M.,—
on sculpture at Tello, [23].
on eagle and lion tablet, [24].
on “kaunakes,” [32], [41].
on Assyrian statuettes, [121].
on statuette of the “Divine Mother,” [124].
on archaic school of art in Thessaly, [160].
Hezekiah, [233].
Hieroglyphs, Elamite, [305].
“High places,” [231], [239].
Hinnom, valley of, [205].
Hiram, [206].
Hiram-Abi, [226].
Hit, [5].
Holy of Holies, [222], [224], [225].
Holy Place, [222], [224], [226].
Horn, bronze, discovered at Tello, [37].
Horns,—
as ornaments of head-dress, [23], [26], [36], [200], [317], [321].
of bronze statuette, [35].
bull’s, alabaster, [336].
Horses in Assyrian sculpture, [108], [141].
Houses, Phœnician and Cypriote, [247], [248].
Humann, M., [201].
Humbaba, [308].
Hyrcanus, palace of, [232].
Iasili-Kaïa, [191], [193-8].
Ibn Tûlûn, mosque of, [174].
Ibriz, [200].
Iconic statues, [265], [274].
Idalion, [259].
Ilu, the god, 172 (note).
“Immortals,” the, [165], [170].
Inscriptions on figures on bas-reliefs, [112].
Ionia, [112].
Ionic capital, [12], [43], [64].
Iron, [43], [125].
Istar, the goddess, [49], [124], [125], [188], [202].
Ivory, [137], [138], [335].
Izdubar,—
on Chaldæan cylindrical seals, [46], [47].
on Assyrian bas-reliefs, [93].
statuettes of, [121], [122].
in Persian art, [162].
compared with colossus of Amathus, [271].
Jachin, columns so called, [227].
James, Saint, tomb of, [234].
Jasper, [335].
Jebel-Musa, [230].
Jehoshaphat, tomb of, [234].
Jerablus, [185].
Jerusalem,—
extent of, [205].
glass vase found at, [288].
Jetty of Thapsus, [252].
Jewellery, Achæmenian, [336].
Jews in Assyrian sculpture, [103].
Jifneh, [235].
Joints, treatment of, in Chaldæan seal-engraving, [45].
Jonah, Book of, on size of Nineveh, [81].
Joshua, tomb of, [235].
Jotham, [232].
Jur, [173], [174].
Justinian, [227].
Kadesh, [185].
Kalaba, [199].
Kalah Shergat, [5], [31], [111].
Karamles, [51].
Karibu-sa-Susinak, [308].
Kasr, mound of the, [52].
“Kaunakes,” [32], [41], [42].
Kebûr-el-Melûk, [234].
Kedron, valley of, [205], [212], [221], [232].
Kerbela, [50].
Khan,—
of palace at Tello, [17].
of palace at Khorsabad, [69].
Khorsabad, [51], [52], [54], [55], [63], [66-72], [73], [74], [75], [79], [83], [86], [93], [106], [111], [114], [131], [142], [149], [324].
“Kirubi” identified with cherubim, [93].
combination of various elements in, [95].
modification of, in Persian art, [183].
Kis, [317], [326].
“Klaft,” [271].
Kouyunjik, [51], [52], [56], [72], [73], [111].
Kubbet es-Sakhra, [208].
Kudur, [308].
Kudurmapuk, [36].
Kudur-Nakhunta, [309], [310].
Kudurru, [309], [311], [325].
Kurigalzu, [21], [309].
Lachish, [103], [136].
Lagas, 3 (note).
Lapis-lazuli, [142].
Larnaca, [270].
Larsa, [2], [21].
Layard, Sir A. H., [62], [68], [72], [123], [300].
Leather, working in, among Assyrians, [141].
Lebanon, [60], [78].
Limestone, [23], [52], [153].
Lion, [304], [307].
head in gold filigree, [331].
Lioness in Assyrian bas-relief, [107].
Lions, winged, [92], [94].
in Hittite art, [186], [187], [189].
in Assyrian art, [107], [108].
Loftus, Mr., [3], [10], [18], [21], [40], [114].
Lotus,—
in bas-reliefs, [110].
on ivory plaque from Assyria, [137].
columns imitating stalks of, [11].
on sculptured threshold, [110].
Louvre, [26], [303], [313].
Lozenge ornament in Chaldæa, [19], [45].
Lulubi, people of, [319].
Lycian tombs, compared with Persian, [177].
Lydian method of building, [149].
“Maabed,” [239-41].
Maccabees, tomb of the, [234].
Temple, in time of the, [210].
Machicolations, [82].
Machpelah, [233].
Malta, [244].
Malthaiyah, [187].
Manasseh, [209], [232].
Mandane, tomb of, [175].
Manistu-Irba, [316].
Marash,—
lion at, [186].
basalt stela at, [190].
Marble, [44].
Marduk-nadin-akhi, [33], [34], [41].
Marginal drafting,—
in Persian masonry, [149].
in Jewish masonry, [213], [232], [234].
Matting used in brickwork, [5].
to cover the roofs, [15], [242].
M. de Morgan, [301], et seq.
on Naram-Sin, [320], [321].
Mecca, mosque of, [241].
Medaïn Salih, [235].
Median art, [146].
Mehdia, [260].
Melisihu, [325].
Memnon, [300].
Menant,—
on cylindrical seal of Sargon I., [47].
on seals from Uruk, [48].
on representation of human sacrifices, [49].
Meshed-Murgab, [147].
Mesopotamia,—
want of stone and timber in, [3], [4].
quality of clay in, [4], [39].
quantity of rain in, [6].
Metals in Assyria, [125-34].
Metellus Scipio, [141].
Michaux, the Caillou Michaux, [33], [34], [325].
“Mighzal,” [254].
Miletus, [28].
Minyeh, [231].
Moab, [230], [231].
Models of houses from Cyprus, [248].
Money, probable use of metal disks, [336].
Monolith of Siloam, [235].
Moriah, Mount, [205], [206], [207], [208].
Mortar used in Assyria,
[54].
used in Elam, [314].
Moulds, Hittite, [202].
Mugheir, [2], [3], [6], [8], [14], [20], [21], [38], [51], [73], [75].
Müntz, M., on Babylonian embroidery, [140].
Musasir, [76].
Muscles, treatment of, in Assyrian art, [100].
Myra, [177].
Mythological figures in Chaldæan art, [33].
Nabonidus,—
restoration of buildings by, [7], [22].
foundation-cylinder of, [21], [22].
architecture of time of, [52].
Nabopolassar, [80].
Nabu-ablu-iddin,—
stela of, [12], [42].
“Naharaim,” [32].
Nahum, on brick-making, [4].
Nakhsh-i-Rustam, [147], [173], [176], [179].
Name, stamped upon bricks, [5], [316].
Nana, the goddess, [7], [309], [310], [333].
Napir-Asu, Queen, [330].
Naram-Sin, [308], [318].
stela, 319 et seq.
Nazi-Maruttas, [325].
Nebi Yunus, [51].
Nebo, the god, [7], [86].
Nebuchadnezzar, [41], [79], [119], [209], [226].
bricks bearing name of, [5].
architecture of time of, [52].
brings cedars from Lebanon, [60], [78].
builds Tower of the Seven Lights, [73].
restores E-saggil, [78].
restores E-zida, [78].
builds walls of Babylon, [80].
Nebuzar-adan, [209].
Necropolis,—
at Mugheir, [14], [20], [21], [38].
at Warka, [38].
at Marath, [253-5].
at Sidon, [255], [256].
at Dali, [259].
at Amathus, [260].
at Mehdia, [260].
at Thina, [261].
at Tyre, [254].
at Adlun, [254].
at Gebal, [256].
at Caralis, [260].
at Tharras, [260].
at Jebel Kawi, [261].
Negritic type, [322].
Nehemiah, [232].
Nejef, [50].
Nero, [141], [211].
Nicanor, Gate of, [220].
Nimroud, [51], [52], [61], [62], [72], [111].
Nineveh,—
walls of, [6].
vaulting at, [13].
extent of, [81].
Nin Girsu, [10].
Ninus, [119].
Numeration, Elamite, [306].
Nymphio, [201].
Oannes, [2].
Onyx, [44].
Ophel, hill of, [205], [210], [231], [232].
Oppert, [46], [79], [81].
Orientation of Chaldæa buildings, [8].
of Assyrian buildings, [67].
Ornaments, [142], [143].
Ourdeys, [82].
Ovoid gems, [45].
Painted bricks,—
Chaldæan, [19].
Assyrian, [74], [116-20].
Persian, [167-72].
Painting,—
on façades of Chaldæan palace, [18], [19].
on stucco in Assyrian palaces, [56], [114], [115].
on Assyrian bas-reliefs, [115], [116].
on Assyrian vases, [122].
on walls of Persian buildings, [159], [172].
in Cypriote pottery, [280].
Palace,—
of Gudea at Tello, [8-22].
of Sargon at Khorsabad, [67-72].
of Cyrus at Madar-i-Soleiman, [148-50].
of Darius at Nakhsh-i-Rustam, [150].
of Xerxes, [150-8].
of Artaxerxes, [157].
of Solomon, [231].
Palestrina, [290], [293].
Palm-wood, use of, in roofing houses, [15], [60], [158].
pillars of, [63].
Paphos, [241], [242].
Parthians, [12], [56].
Partitions of rooms, [13], [54], [55].
Pasargadæ, [147], [148], [150], [151], [160].
Passages, vaulted, at Tello, [14].
Patæci, [264].
Pateræ, [127], [128], [289], [290].
Patesi, [8], [46], [81], [308].
Pausanias, on size of Babylon, [79].
Pediments, [76], [77], [175], [235], [256], [267].
Pendants, [336], [337].
Pendentives, 159 (note).
Perrot,—
on Assyrian voussoirs, [58], [59].
on gates of Balawat, [126], [127].
on Hittite sphinx, [193].
on Hittite bas-reliefs, [199].
on Cypriote terra-cottas, [280].
Persepolis, [8], [147], [150], [162].
Persepolitan capital, [153-6].
Persis, [179].
Perspective, ignorance of laws of, among Assyrians, [98], [110].
Philostratus, [140].
Phœnician bronzes in Assyria, [129].
ivories in Assyria, [138].
artists employed in Jewish Temple, [224].
Pilasters, [9], [61], [77].
Pillars, [10], [11], [63].
(see Columns).
Pine-cone in Assyrian art, [111], [139].
Pipes for drainage, [20].
Pivot of door, [17], [18].
Place, M. V., [54], [55], [61], [66], [117].
Plan of Chaldæan fortress, [29], [81].
Plaque,—
of bronze, [131-4].
of ivory, [137], [138].
Plaster, use of, in Chaldæa, [11], [18].
in Assyria, [56], [114], [115].
in Persia, [172].
Platforms of buildings,—
in Chaldæa, [8].
in Assyria, [52], [53], [67], [68].
in Persia, [149-52].
in Judæa, [207], [208].
in Susa, [314].
Pliny,—
on Babylonian embroidery, [140].
on Telephanes, [148].
on invention of glass, [283].
Porphyry, [44], [153].
Position-marks on masonry, [149].
on bricks, [117], [118].
Pottery, inferiority of, in Chaldæa, [38], [39].
prehistoric, Elam, [304].
Præneste, patera from, [289-93].
Prehistoric remains, Susa, [303].
Progress of art in Assyria, [111-13].
in Cyprus, [270-3].
Pshent, [263-71].
Pteria, [191].
Pudil, [38].
Pygmæus, the god, [259], [276], [279].
Rammanu, the god, [22], [144].
Rammanu-nirari, [38], [92].
Ras el-Ain, [249].
Rassam, Mr. H., [72].
Rawlinson, Sir H., [72], [300].
Renan, M. E., [263], [265].
Reseph, the god, [294].
Rings, [335].
Robinson’s Arch, [214].
Rule, graduated, [29].
Sacrifice, human, [49].
Sadambaal, the god, [243].
Sagasaltias, [22].
Sakhra, [208].
Sakkanak, [308].
Samas, the god, [2], [22], [323], [324].
shrine of, [12], [42], [43], [64].
Samas-sum-ukin, [80].
Samsi-Rammanu III., [88], [92].
Sandals, [322].
Sandstone, [304], [317].
Sarcophagi, Phœnician, [256-9].
Sargani (see Sargon I.).
Sargani-sar ali, [308].
Sargon I., [47], [48].
Sargon II., [53], [57], [90], [61], [66], [76], [92], [93], [96], [106], [113], [116], [117], [270], [285].
Sarvistan, [158], [159].
Sarzec, M. de, [2], [10].
Sassanian buildings, [56], [63], [158], [159].
Saulcy, F. de, [235].
Scheil, Père V., [301].
on inscriptions, [305], [306], [319].
Schrader, E., [81].
Scipio Africanus, [266].
Seals,—
Chaldæan, [44-9].
Assyrian, [143-5].
Median, [146].
Persian, [180-3].
Hittite, [203].
Jewish, [230].
Phœnician, [294-8].
Elamite, [304], [335].
Selamlik, [16].
Seleucids, [210], [234].
Semiramis, [76], [80], [119].
Senkereh, [2], [21].
Sennacherib, [60], [66], [67], [72], [92], [93], [103], [113], 139 (note).
Sepharvaim, [2], [42].
Sepulchral architecture in Assyria, [50].
towers in Persia, [14]
Seraglio, [16], [69].
Sesostris, [112], [201].
Set, the god, [294].
Sewage, disposal of, [20].
Shalmaneser III., [72], [89], [126].
“Sharur,” [6].
Shat el-Hai, [3].
“Shenti,” [264].
Shew-bread, [226].
Shilkhak in Shushinak, [309].
Shushinak, Temple of, [314], [330], [331], [336].
Shutruk-Nakhunta, [309], [314], [315], [319], [323], [336].
Sidon, [247], [250], [255], [289].
Sidur canal, [308].
Siloam, [232], [235].
Silver, use of,—
in Chaldæa and Assyria, [21].
in Elam, statuette, [332].
mask, repoussé, [333].
studs, [334].
rings, [335].
disks, [336].
Sin, the god, [16].
Sinjerli, [188].
Sippara, [2], [323].
Sirens, bronze, [129-30].
Sirpurla, [3].
Sivan, [4].
Smith, G., [72].
Sockets for pivot of door, [17], [18], [308].
Solomon, [205], [206], [208], [209], [210], [211], [215], [219], [221], [224], [232], [235].
palace of, [231-2].
porch of, [209], [211].
Solus, [258].
Sophia, church of Saint, [56], 159 (note).
Sphinxes,—
Persian, [183].
Hittite, [192], [193].
Phœnician, [263].
Stables, [17], [69], [70], [136].
Staged towers, [15], [16], [72-6], [174], [314].
Staircases, [8], [67], [151], [152].
Standard, Assyrian, [133], [134].
State saloon in Chaldæan palace, [17].
Statues,—
from Tello, [26-30].
of Assur-nasir-pal, [86].
caryatid, [86], [87].
iconic, in Cyprus, [265].
captured by Scipio at Carthage, [266].
colossal, in Cyprus, [270-272].
of priest with dove, [273].
bronze from Elam, [330].
Statuettes,—
bronze, from Chaldæa, [35-8].
of canephoros, [36], [37].
kneeling, with cone, [36].
of figure standing upon lion, [37], [38].
terra-cotta, from Warka, [40].
alabaster, from Chaldæa, [42].
terra-cotta from Khorsabad, [121], [122].
of Izdubar, [122].
of Istar, [123-25].
terra-cotta, from Phœnicia and Cyprus, [277-82].
of Divine Mother, [124], [281].
from Elam, bronze, [330].
gold, [332].
silver, [332].
ivory, [335].
Steatite, [43], [123].
Stela,—
the “Vulture Stela,” [24-6], [321].
of Samsi-Rammanu, [88].
of Assurbanipal, as canephoros, [89].
Hittite, from Birejik, [187].
votive, from Carthage, [266].
Chaldæan from Elam, [317].
of Manishtu Irba, [316].
of Naram-Sin, 319 et seq.
Stone,—
want of, in Mesopotamia, [4].
staircase of, at Abu Shahrein, [8].
scanty use of, in Assyria, [50], [65].
facing of, at Khorsabad, [52], [53].
use of, in Persia, [149].
want of, in Persia, [326].
Stool, [135].
Strabo,—
on use of vault in Babylonia, [15], [56].
on use of palmwood pillars at Babylon, [63].
on height of temple of Bel, [73].
on tomb of Cyrus, [177].
on rites of Cappadocian Astarte, [197].
Stucco, [18], [114], [172].
Stuffs manufactured in Chaldæa, [41].
in Assyria, [105], [138], [139].
Stylus, [308], [324].
Sukkal-mah, [309].
Sulci, [282].
Sumerian language, [316].
Susa, [147], [168].
Mission in, 299 et seq.
Susiana, [158].
Sword, Chaldæan, [27].
Tablet, Eagle and Lion, [24].
Tablets,—
votive, [21].
clay, Elam, [305].
Tabnit, [257].
Tacitus, on temple of Paphos, [242].
Takht-i-Jemshid, [152], [179].
Takht-i-madar-i-Soleiman, [149].
Talisman, [17], [230].
Tanit, the goddess, [246], [263], [267],