FOOTNOTES:

[1] We are here, of course, dealing more especially with Germany; but substantially the same course was followed in the development of municipalities in other parts of Europe.

[2] Einleitung, pp. 255, 256.

[3] Der Bauernkrieg, p. 31.

[4] The three grades in the craft-guilds were those of apprentice, companion, and master. Every guildsman was supposed to pass through them.

[5] See Appendix A.

[6] Cf. Von Maurer's Einleitung zur Geschichte der Mark-Verfassung; Gomme's Village Communities; Stubbs' Constitutional History.