4. When "y" is preceded by a consonant, change it to "i" before a suffix which does not begin with "i," as in business, readily, happiness, etc.
Retain "y" in such words as: hurrying, crying, flying, etc.
V. Treatment and use of the apostrophe
1. Put the apostrophe in the place of the absent letter or letters: aren't, don't, didn't, can't, I'll, etc.
2. Possessives of personal pronouns have no apostrophe, as: its, hers, ours, yours, etc.
VI. Irregular Plurals
Some words ending in "f" or "fe" form their plurals by changing the "f" or "fe" to "v" and adding "es."
half—halves
knife—knives
life—lives
leaf—leaves
calf—calves
wife—wives
VII. Confusion of "ei" and "ie"
Note to Teacher:—Experimental evidence does not seem to show that this rule is very effective, but if it is taught, the following presentation is recommended.