The Book of the Ocean - Ernest Ingersoll

INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Adler at Samoa, [200].
Agalma elegans, [264].
Alabama, the, in action, [136], [158].
Algæ, typical, [252], [254].
Almirante Cochrane, in action with Huascar, [141].
America, the yacht, [158], [195].
Antarctic scenery, [101].
Ardois night-signals at sea, [205].
Argonaut shell, [274].
Armada, style of ships of the, [115].
Balloon-sail, [158], [186].
Battle-ships, modern steel, [134], [142], [144], [147], [150], [153]. See also [Line-of-Battle Ships].
Beam-trawl for deep-sea dredging, [261].
Biremes, Roman, [42]. See [Galleys].
Boat-davits, [223], [232].
Bon Homme Richard, the, [182].
Bottle-fish, the, [263].
Bowsprit, the, and its rigs, [38], [63], [113], [120], [158], [175]. See [Cutters] and [Sloops].
Breeches-buoy, method of using, [229].
Buckeye, or “bugeye,” a, [198].
Buoys, [225], [226], [227].
Cambria, model of, [195].
Cameos, shell used for, [270].
Can-buoys, [225].
Canoes, [28], [37], [45], [198].
Caravels, [35], [61], [63], [65], [76].
Carronade, an old, [185].
Cassis, a typical, [270].
“Castles,” fore and aft, on ancient ships, [35], [57], [63], [65], [112], [113], [115], [119].
Catboat, a Newport, [195].
Center-board boats, models of, [195].
Chain-plates, [172].
Channels, [172].
Chart, an early, [54].
Chinese boats, [32]. Compare [Malay Boats].
Clewed-up, mainsails, [120], [184].
Clipper-ship, a, [158], [164].
Coast, destruction of, by the sea, [3], [5], [7], [10], [15], [58].
Collision, scene in a, [202].
Columbia, the, [146].
Columbus, Christopher, flag-ship of, [63].
Columbus, Christopher, statue of, [60].
Constellation, [184].
Constitution frigate, [106], [132].
Costumes of mariners, [117], [123], [142], [147], [157], [172], [179].
Cruisers, modern steel, [146], [150], [154], [205].
Crustaceans of the deep sea, [273].
Cutters, [188], [191], [193].
Day-marks (for pilots), [225].
Deck scenes, modern, [142], [147], [154], [164], [261].
Deck scenes on old-time vessels, [117], [130].
Deep-sea dredging apparatus, [261].
Diatoms, [257].
Diving-dress, [258].
Driver (sail). See [Spanker].
Dynamite-cruiser, in action, [154].
Earthquake waves, [18], [21].
El Chico, model of, [195].
Eskimos in summer, [83].
Felucca, a, [175].
Fin-keel yachts, models of, [195].
Fiord, a, in New Zealand, [15].
Fish-curing at St. Pierre, [243].
Fishes, deep-sea, [263].
Fishing-boats, American, [245], [247].
Fishing-boats, Canadian, [5], [17], [243].
Fishing-boats, French, [7].
Fishing-boats of the Mediterranean, [38].
Fishing-pound, at low tide, [17].
Flare, burning a, at sea, [221].
Flying Dutchman, the, [57].
Fog-bell, a, [219].
Fore-and-aft rig, [221].
Frigates, [125], [132], [136], [182], [184].
Full-rigged ship. See [Ship].
Gaff-topsail, [186], [193], [221]. See [Cutters] and [Sloops].
Galleons, Spanish, [119].
Galleys, ancient, [42], [43], [109], [111], [112].
Genesta, the yacht, [191], [195].
Gloriana, model of, [195].
Great Harry, bow of, [113].
Guerrière, frigate, in action, [125].
Gulfweed and its inhabitants, [252].
Halcyon, the, yacht, [186].
Hamilcar’s stairway of the galleys, [109].
Hand-line fishing, [245].
Helmet-shell, a, [270].
Homeward-bound pennant, [133].
“Hove to,” attitude of sails, [37], [247].
Huascar, in action, [141].
Hydroid, a compound, [264].
Icebergs and ice-floes, [79], [80], [85], [89], [92], [97], [103], [105].
Indiana, the, [144].
Irex, the yacht, [191].
Ironclads, early, [134], [138], [139], [141].
Jellyfish, a typical, [262].
Jib-sails, [120], [158], [175], [186].
Jib-staysails, [89], [158], [175], [221].
Kearsarge, the, in action with the Alabama, [136].
Krakatoa, in eruption, [12].
Lanterns, stern, of old ships, [57], [115].
Lateen rigs, [28], [35], [37], [38], [61], [181].
Launch, a steam, [153].
Leeboard, a, [198].
Leg-of-mutton sails, [198].
Life-boat, a self-righting, [230].
Life-saving service, the, [228], [229], [230].
Light-houses, [18], [213], [214], [215].
Light-ship, Nantucket, [217], [218].
Light-ship, Sandy Hook, [186].
Line-of-battle ships, wooden, [120], [134].
Lugsail rigs, [42], [43], [45], [48].
Magic, model of, [195].
Main chains, [172].
Maine, the, [153].
Mainsail or main course, [120], [158], [164], [175], [184], [221].
Malay boats, [28], [181].
Maria, the yacht, [188].
Massachusetts, the, [142].
Matting sails, [32], [181].
Mayflower, the yacht, [186], [194].
Medieval vessels, various forms of, [35], [63], [65], [112], [115], [119].
Meleagrina, [270].
Merrimac, the, [138].
Midnight sun at sea, [2].
Midshipmen of [181]2, [123].
Military masts, ancient, [111].
Military masts, modern, [134], [141], [144], [146], [150], [153], [205].
Minot’s Ledge lighthouse, [213].
Mischief model of, [195].
Miter-shells (Mitra), [270].
Mizzen, the ancient (compare [Spanker]), [63].
Models of hulls of yachts, [195].
Mollusks, shells of. See [Sea-shells].
Monitor, the, [139].
Monitors, [139], [149], [150].
Muleta, a, [38]. Compare [Felucca].
Murex-shells, [263], [272].
Muriel, the yacht, [193].
Nelson, portrait of, [129].
Nelson, signal of, at Trafalgar, [127].
Nun buoys, [225].
Obstruction buoy, [226].
Olive-shell (Oliva), [268].
Outriggers, forms of, [28], [37].
Packet, a Liverpool, [160].
Paper-nautilus, the, [274].
Pearl-oyster, the, [270].
Pelagia cyanella, [262].
Pelican-fish, the, [263].
Penguins, Antarctic, [101], [103].
Physophore, a, [264].
Pilot-boat, [221], [223].
Pirates, at home, [179].
Pirates, Malay, [181].
Proas, Malay, [28], [37].
Pteroceras lambis, [270].
Puritan, the yacht, [194], [195].
Raking masts, [188], [198].
Rapid-fire guns, [147].
Reefing a topsail, [31].
Reef-points, [43], [120], [132], [158], [188].
Rowboats, [45], [236], [239], [248]. See also [Galleys] and [Yawl].
Royal sails, [132], [158], [184].
Sails, decorated, [45], [48], [63].
Sails, various forms of, [31], [32], [113], [115], [119], [181]. See also [names of sails and rigs].
Saloon of a modern steamship, [161].
Saloon of a packet-ship, [160].
Samoans battling with surf, [208].
Sandbagger-sloop, a, [197].
Sappho, model of, [195].
Sargassum, a piece of, [252].
Schooners, [26],[186], [188], [221], [223], [247].
Scorpion-shell, the, [270].
Sea-anemones, [273].
Sea-caves, [10].
Sea-fights, [74], [106], [111], [115], [117], [119], [125], [130], [136], [141], [147], [175], [182].
Search-lights, [150], [153].
Sea-shells, [268], [270], [271], [272], [274].
Sea-slugs (Doris), [252].
Seaweeds, [252], [254].
Serapis, the, [182].
Ship, a full-rigged, [37], [89], [92], [120], [132], [133], [158], [184], [232], [234].
Ship of the line. See [Line-of-Battle Ships].
Ship weathering a gale with sails furled, [8], [56], [89], [207].
Ships’ boats, [232], [236], [239].
Sharpie, a, [198].
Shrouds, [164], [172].
Sidewheel steamer, a, [21].
Signal flags, [127].
Signaling at sea, [205], [206], [221].
Signal-mast, a, [142].
Siren, on a steamship, [220].
Sky-scraper sails, [132], [184].
Sloops, [24], [186], [194], [197], [199].
Sloops-of-war, [130], [207].
Spanker-, driver-, or mizzen-sail, [89], [196].
Spar buoys, [225].
Sponsons, [144], [153].
Starfish, the common, [267].
Staysails, [221].
Steam frigates, [136], [138].
Steamships, modern mercantile, [161], [167], [181], [223].
Steam-yacht, a, [186].
Steering oar, a modern, [239].
Storm scenes, [18], [21], [24], [31], [56], [200], [207], [208], [213], [217], [247].
Studding-sails, [132], [133], [158], [184].
Surf, and its effect, [3], [21], [71], [208].
Tara, the yacht, [191].
Tecumseh, the monitor, [149].
Theseus and Guerrière, [125].
Thistle, model of, [195].
Tides—scene at low tide, [17].
Topcastles, [63], [111].
Topgallantsails, [120], [132], [158], [184].
Topsails, [120], [125], [158], [175].
Topsails, square, [120],[132], [184]. (See also [Ships, Full-Rigged].)
Torpedo-boats, [150], [151].
Torpedo-boats, submarine, [152].
Torpedoes and their effect, [149], [150].
Towing a barge, [170].
Trying out whale-blubber, [234].
Turrets, [142], [144], [150], [153].
Venus’ Comb, [271].
Very night-signals, [206].
Vesuvius, the, [154].
Viking ships, [45], [48], [51].
Volcanoes on the sea-shore, [12].
Volunteer, model of, [186], [195].
Walking the plank, [172].
Walruses on the ice, [80].
Ward-room of a war-ship, [123].
Wasp, in action with Frolic, [130].
Wasp, model of the yacht, [195].
Waves, oceanic, [8], [15], [24], [56], [57].
Whale, sperm, head of, [240].
Whaleback, a, [169].
Whaleboats, [232], [236], [239], [240].
Whalers, [232]-[240].
Whistling buoy, [227].
Wreck, [130], [149], [202], [229], [230].
Yachts, models of, [195].
Yachts, racing, [186], [188], [191], [193], [195].
Yawl, a ship’s, [105], [223].
Yawl-rig, the, [197].

GENERAL INDEX

Africa, first circumnavigated, [41].
“America,” origin of the name, [63].
America, visited by Norsemen, [45], [48].
America Cup, races for, [190]-[195].
American Arctic exploration, [86], [89], [90].
Atlantic, North, early voyages in, [44].
Atlantic Ocean, defined, [5].
Atlantis, the fabled land of, [6].
Alert, Arctic expedition of, [96].
Algæ. See [Seaweeds].
Algerian pirates, [173].
Ancient sea-animals, [259].
Andrée’s Arctic balloon, [100].
Animal life in the sea, [259]-[274].
Animals inhabiting seaweeds, [251], [252], [257].
Antarctic Ocean, defined, [7].
Arabic commerce, [43].
Arabs, as navigators, [52], [57].
Arctic American coast traced, [81], [82], [83], [88].
Arctic exploration, [77]-[100].
Arctic Ocean, defined, [7].
Armada, the Spanish, [114]-[117].
Armor for ships, [136], [138], [145].
Astrolabe, the, [53], [73].
Australia, discovery of, [72], [76].
Baffin, voyage to Baffin’s Bay, [79], [81].
Balboa, discovers the Pacific, [64].
Banks of Newfoundland, fishing on, [245].
Barataria pirates of Louisiana, [179].
Barbarossa, the brothers, [171].
Barbary States, the, [174].
Barentz and Barentz’s Sea, [78], [91].
Barks described, [36], [38].
Battle-ships, modern steel, [140]-[148].
Bering, expeditions of, [80].
Biremes, Greek and Roman, [108].
Bjärne’s discoveries, [46].
Boats of the Egyptians, [28], [30], [32].
Boats of the Phœnicians, [28], [30], [33].
Boats of early Scandinavians, [29], [30].
Boats, primitive, [27].
Bon Homme Richard and Serapis, [128].
Bowsprit sails, [34], [37].
Brazil, discovery of, [62], [64].
Brazil, the name, [66].
Brigs described, [36].
Buccaneers, career of the, [177].
Buckeye, or “bugeye,” [198].
Buoys and channel marks, [225].
Cabot’s voyage to America, [65], [67].
Canada discovered, [68].
Cape Horn, first rounded, [72].
Cape of Good Hope discovered, [54].
Captain capsized, [201].
Caravels of Columbus, [34], [35], [61], [63].
Carrageen or Irish moss, [255].
Carthaginians as navigators, [42].
Cartier discovers Canada, [68].
Catboat described, [35].
Center-board, explained, [189].
Challenger expedition, [10], [272].
Chancellor, voyage of, to the White Sea, [77].
Charybdis, whirlpool of, [19].
Chesapeake and Shannon, [129].
Chinese as navigators, [52].
Clippers, Baltimore, [183].
Colossus of Rhodes, [211].
Columbus, Christopher, [59].
Commerce at sea, history of, [155]-[170].
Commerce, early European, [52], [155].
Commerce, medieval, [156].
Commerce, modern, [159].
Compass, the mariner’s, [51].
Constitution, U. S. frigate, [130]-[133].
Constitution, in the war with Tripoli,[174].
Cook, Captain James, voyage of, [75].
Copenhagen, battle of, [126].
Corals and coral polyps, [265].
Corsairs, the, [172].
Corte-Real, voyage of, [68].
Crabs, caught for market, [266].
Cruisers, service of, [121], [140].
Currents in the ocean. [See Ocean Currents.]
Cutter, rig of a, [35].
Dampier, voyages of, [73].
Dangers of the Deep, [200]-[230].
Davis, exploration of Davis’s Strait, [78].
Decatur’s exploit at Tripoli, [175].
Deep-sea conditions of life, [263].
De Long, death of Lieutenant, [95].
Dias, Bartholomew, voyage of, [53].
Diatoms described, [249], [257].
Distribution of animals in the sea, [261].
“Don’t give up the ship,” [129].
Drake, Francis, [114], [181].
Dredging, deep-sea, [260].
Dynamite-throwing, [154].
Earthquake-waves, [203].
East India Companies, [157], [159].
“East Indiaman,” an, [162].
East Indian pirates, [180].
East Indies, the, [69], [71], [74].
Eddystone lighthouse, [212].
Egypt’s grain-trade, [156].
“England expects every man will do his duty,” [126], [127].
England’s sea-wars, [114], [129], [157].
Erik the Red, [45].
Faroes discovered, [44].
Fishing and other Marine Industries, [231]-[248].
Fishing in the North Atlantic, [244].
Fin keels, [194], [195].
Fire-ships, [116].
Fog-horns and sirens, [219].
Fram, voyage of the, [99].
Francis Joseph Land, [93], [100].
Franklin, Sir John, [82], [83], [88].
French-American naval war, [126].
Frigates, service of, [121], [122], [130].
Frobisher, Martin, [77], [114].
Fundy, tides in the Bay of, [19].
Galiot, the, [112].
Galleass, the, [112].
Galleon, the, [112], [116], [173], [182].
Galleys, early types of, [107], [111], [112].
Gallivat, the, [112].
Geography, early knowledge of, [50].
Great Harry, the, [114].
Greely, Gen. A. W., Arctic work by, [96].
Greenland discovered, [45].
Greenland, coasts explored, [91], [96], [99].
Guerrière, story of the, [131].
Gulf Stream, the, [22], [23].
Gulfweed (Sargassum), [251], [252].
Gunnbjörn, [45].
Guns of war-ships, [145]-[148].
Hall, Charles, Arctic exploration by, [90].
Hand-line fishing, [245], [246].
Hanno, expedition of, [42].
Harbor-beacons, [225].
Harbor-defense vessels, [140].
Hawkins, John, [114], [181].
Henry, the navigator, [52], [53].
Hittites, the, as navigators, [40].
Holland, as a sea-power, [118], [122].
Howard, Admiral, [114], [115].
Hudson, discoveries by, [78].
Iceland discovered, [44].
Indian Ocean defined, [6].
Instruments for navigation, [52], [57], [73].
Irish moss, [255].
Irish sea-wanderers, [44].
Ironclads, early, [136].
Jean Bart, the privateer, [182].
Jeannette, voyage of the, [94].
Kane, Dr. E. K., Arctic exploration by, [86].
Kearsarge and Alabama, [136].
Kearsarge wrecked, [201].
Kelp and kelp-ash, [253], [256].
Kidd, Captain, the pirate, [178].
Krakatoa, explosion of, [203].
Kuroshiwo (Japan current), [22], [24].
Lafitte, the pirate, [189].
La Plata, Rio, first entered, [69].
Lateen rigs, [32], [34].
Lead keels, [194].
Lee-board, explained, [179].
Leif Erikson’s voyage, [47].
Lepanto, victory of, [111].
Letters of marque, [180].
Life-saving service, the United States, [227].
Lighthouses, arrangements for lighting, [216].
Lighthouses, history of, [211], [212], [213], [254].
Light-ships, American, [216].
Line-of-battle ships, [121], [134].
Live stock carried on long voyages, [163].
Lockwood reaches “highest north,” [98].
Lug-sails explained, [133].
McClure, Arctic exploration by, [84], [87].
Maelstrom, the, [19].
Magellan circumnavigates the world, [69].
Magnetic pole determined, [82].
Maps, early, [50], [53], [54], [62].
Masts, names of, [36].
Medieval ships, [33].
Mediterranean Sea, defined, [9].
Melville’s search for Jeannette survivors, [95].
Mercator, the map-maker, [72].
Merchants of the Sea, the, [155]-[170].
Mines, submarine, [148].
Minot’s Ledge lighthouse, [214].
Mollusks, utility of, [269].
Monitor, the, [139], [141].
Morgan, the pirate, [178].
Mother-of-pearl, [269].
Murex-shells, [274].
Myths as to Atlantic islands, [65].
Nansen, Arctic work of, [99].
Napoleon’s sea-campaigns, [122].
Naval warfare, beginning of, [107].
Naval warfare, medieval, [110].
Naval warfare, theory of, [118].
Navigation, prehistoric, [39].
Navigation, instruments for, [52], [57], [73].
Navy, Byzantine, [110].
Navy, French, [122].
Navy, Greek, [107].
Navy, English, [113], [119], [129], [183].
Navy, Roman, [148], [156].
Nearchus, voyage of, [43].
Nelson, Admiral Horatio, [122]-[128].
Nelson’s famous signal, [126], [127].
Newfoundland, discovery of, [44], [65], [68].
Night-signals at sea, [205], [206].
Nile, battle of the, [124].
Nordenskjöld’s voyage in the Vega, [93].
Norsemen. See [Scandinavians] and [Vikings].
North America discovered, [46], [62], [65].
North Atlantic, exploration of, [78], [80], [91], [99].
Northeast Passage, search for, [77], [91], [93].
Northwest Passage, search for, [77], [81], [84], [87].
North Pacific explored, [75], [80], [84].
Nova Zembla, [78], [91].
Ocean, the, and its Origin, [1]-[8].
Ocean, bed of the, [11].
Ocean, characteristics of, [9].
Ocean, chemistry of, [14].
Ocean currents, [20], [23].
Ocean, depth of, [9].
Ocean, effects of upon the land, [4].
Ocean, life in, [259]-[274].
Ocean, saltness of, [13].
Old Ironsides. See [Constitution].
Ooze, oceanic, [13], [274].
Outriggers, [28].
Oysters and oyster culture, [266].
Pacific Ocean, defined, [4].
Pacific Ocean, discovery of, [64].
Packet-ships, transatlantic, [160], [165].
Paddles and oars, [29].
Paleocrystic Sea, the, [88].
Parry, Arctic explorations by, [81].
Payer and Weyprecht, [91].
Paul Jones, [128].
Pearl-oyster and pearls, [269].
Peary, Arctic work of, [99].
Persians as navigators, [43].
Philadelphia, U. S. frigate at Tripoli, [174].
Phœnicians as navigators, [41].
Pilots and their duties, [220]-[226].
Piracy, history of, [171]-[185].
Piracy in the East Indies, [180].
Plants of the Sea and their Uses, [249]-[257].
Polaris, misadventure of, [90].
Pope, the, divides the earth, [55].
Portugal as a sea-power, [52], [55].
Pressure, effects of, in the sea, [262].
Prester John, [54].
Privateering, [180], [183], [185].
Ptolemy, the geographer, [50].
“Redbeard,” the pirate, [171].
Rigging of primitive ships, [30].
Robbers of the Seas, [171]-[185].
Ross, Arctic explorations by, [81], [82].
Royal George, sunk, [201].
Rules of the road at sea, [203].
Russian Arctic coast, the, [79].
Sails, lateen, [32].
Sails, names of a ship’s, [36].
Sails of early ships, [30].
Sails, square-rigged, [34].
Sails, two types of, [31].
St. Lawrence Bay and River discovered, [68].
St. Pierre and Miquelon, [242].
Salamis, battle of, [107].
Samoa, the great storm at, [206]-[211].
Sandbagger, a, [197].
Sardines, fishing for, [244].
Sargasso Seas, [251].
Schooners, described, [36], [38].
Scylla and Charybdis, [19].
Sealing, [241].
Search-light, uses of, on war-ships, [150].
Sea-shells, use and beauty of, [269], [273].
Sea-snakes, [259].
Seaweeds, [249]-[257].
Secrets won from the Frozen North, [77]-[165].
Serapis, fight of the, [128].
Seventy-four, a, [121].
Sharks, as a danger to divers, [271].
Sharpie, characteristics of the, [198].
Ship-building, development of, [139].
Ship-chandler, a, [204].
Ship, sails of a full-rigged, [36].
Ships, the Building and Rigging of, [27]-[38].
Ships’ lanterns and lights, [204].
Ships, Phœnician, [155].
Ships, Roman merchant, [156].
Siberia, explorations north of, [79], [93], [95].
Signaling at night, [205], [206], [222].
Sirens, or fog-horns, [219].
Slave-trade, the, [184].
Sloop, a, described, [35].
Solis discovers the La Plata, [69].
South America, discovery of, [61], [62].
South Sea. See [Pacific Ocean].
Spanish conquerors in West Indies, [177].
Spitzbergen, [91], [233].
Sponges and their taking, [265].
Spritsail-mast, the, [34].
Square-rig, examples of, [33].
Starfishes, damage by, [265].
Steamships, development of, [165], [168].
Steamships, ocean courses of, [168].
Steamships, records of transatlantic, [166].
Steerage passage, the, [163].
Steering, methods of, [29].
Suez Canal, the, [41], [169].
Table of sea-road distances, [170].
Tactics, naval, [107], [115], [118], [121], [135].
Tasman, voyages of, [72].
Telegraph, submarine, [161].
Tides, explained, [17].
Topsail schooner, described, [36].
Torpedo-boats, [140], [150]-[154].
Torpedoes and submarine mines, [148].
Trafalgar, battle of, [126].
Trawls described, [246], [272].
Treasure-ships, Spanish, [173], [178], [182].
Trepang, or bêche la mer, [266].
Tripoli, bombardment of, [174].
Triremes, Greek and Roman, [108].
Tunnies, fishing for, [244].
Turtles, as a danger to divers, [272].
United States exploring expedition, [76].
United States, naval incidents, [128], [174], [183].
Vasco da Gama, [56], [157].
Vega, voyage of, north of Asia, [93].
Venice, state barge of, [112].
Venus’-comb shell, [274].
Verrazano, voyage of, [68].
Vespucci, Amerigo, voyages of, [62].
Vesuvius, the dynamite-cruiser, [154].
Vikings, origin and voyages of, [29], [44].
Vinland visited, [47].
Voyages and Explorations, Early, [39]-[76].
Walrus-hunting, [241].
War-ships and Naval Battles, [107]-[154].
War-ships wrecked at Samoa, [206]-[211].
Wasp and Frolic, [129].
Water-spouts at sea, [202].
Waves, tides, and currents, [9].
Weather-stations, international, [96].
West coast of Africa, [42], [53], [56].
Weyprecht, Arctic work of, [91].
Whaleback, the, [169].
Whaling, history of American, [235].
Whaling, history of European, [233].
Whaling, in the North Atlantic, [80], [94].
Whaling, methods of, [231], [237]-[241].
Whaling-vessels, [235].
Wreckers, doings of, [212].
Yachting and Pleasure-boating, [186].
Yachting, early history of, [187], [196].
Yacht-clubs in the United States, [188], [196].
Yachts, designing racing, [192], [195].
Yachts, rigs of small, [197].
Yawl, characteristics of the, [197].
Zeni, voyages of the, [48].