Water Supply: the Present Practice of Sinking and Boring Wells / With Geological Considerations and Examples of Wells Executed

by Ernest Spon

PARTICULARS OF WELLS.
Name of Place.	County.	Locality.	Depth.
			of Shaft.	of Bore.	in Tertiary Strata.	in Chalk.	to Water from Surface.
			feet.	feet.	feet.	feet.	feet
			Remarks.
Abridge	E.	Brewery	100	190	290	—	30
			London Clay, 280 feet.
Acton	M.	Mr Engleheart’s	—	—	284	119	12
Ditto	„	Mr. Wood’s	—	—	315	135	40
Ditto, East	„	Mr. Davis’s	—	—	267	68
Albany Street	„	London	—	—	182	125	—
			100 feet O.D.
Aldershot Place	H.	— —	—	—	194	—	—
			260 feet O.D.
Ditto	„	— —	—	—	148	691⁄2	—
			245 feet O.D.
Amwell End	Herts.	New River Company	72	3473⁄4	36	3833⁄4	—
			Yield about 2,500,000 gallons a day.
Arlesey	B.	Asylum	100	365	7	120	—
			233 feet O.D.; water rises into shaft; yield 2640 gallons an hour.
Ash	S.	S.W. Railway Station	—	600	370	230	—
			290 feet O.D.
Bank of England	M.	London	137	1971⁄2	2341⁄2	100	88
			About 27 feet T.; yield, 35 gallons a minute.
Bagshot	S.	Orphan Asylum	123	523	646	—	—
			Last 192 feet London Clay.
Balham Hill	„	Near Clapham Common	—	—	347	—	—
			Last 40 feet Thanet sands.
Barking	E.	Byfron’s	140	—	140	—	30
			Bottom in hard pebbles.
Barnet, East	Herts.	Lion’s Down	122	270	162	230	130
			Shaft half steined, half iron cylinders.
Ditto, New	„	Near Railway Station	137	302	159	280	130
Battersea	S.	Jones’s Works	249	—	249
Ditto	„	Beaufoy’s Works	240	—	240	—	—
			Yield said to equal 15,000 gallons a day.
Bearwood	Berks.	Mr. Walters’s	—	—	350	15
Beaumont Green	Herts.	Near Cheshunt	1831⁄2	—	1261⁄2	57
Belleisle	M.	Pashes and Co.’s	—	—	185	118	118
Berkeley Square	„	London	160	156	224	92	80
Bermondsey	S.	Crimscott Street	—	—	120	—	—
			9 feet O.D.; yield plentiful.
Ditto	„	Donkin’s Works	—	232	911⁄2	1401⁄2	16
			Yield 30 gallons a minute.
Berry Green	Herts.	Hadham	40	20	60	—	8
Bexley	K.	Brickfield	65	110	1291⁄4	453⁄4	60
Bishop Stortford	Herts.	Waterworks	160	140	1161⁄2	1831⁄2	140
			Supply 10,000 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Hockerill	85	125	90	120	78
			Good supply.
Ditto	„	New Road	77	—	56	21
Blackfriars	M.	Apothecaries’ Hall	—	—	218	76
Blackheath	K.	Near Enfield Terrace	—	—	109	30
Boston Heath	„	Near Woolwich	—	—	130	70
Bow	M.	Starch Works	176	148	174	150
Boxley Wood	K.	Near Maidstone	3861⁄2	2131⁄2	3	600	—
			382 feet T.; last 781⁄2 feet in chalk, marl, and gault.
Braintree	E.	Near Pod’s Brook	55	190	228	7	216
			Yield, 11,500 gallons an hour.
Brentford	M.	Brewery	30	338	315	53	5
Bromley	K.	Gas Works	50	120	150	20	—
			Supply abundant.
Ditto	„	Widmore Kiln	52	98	140	10
Ditto	„	Ditto	55	85	120	10	61
Ditto	„	Tylney Road	77	85	137	25
Ditto	„	Waterworks	—	—	70	180	—
			Yield, 500 to 600 gallons a minute.
Broxbourne	Herts.	— —	84	—	84	6
			Water overflowed.
Bushey	„	Near Watford	142	24	145	21
Camberwell	S.	The Grove	—	—	208	3001⁄2	90
Camden Station	M.	L. and N.W. Railway	180	220	234	166	150
			100 foot O.D.
Camden Town	M.	Pickford’s	—	—	215	82	120
			Good supply.
Ditto	„	Whitaker’s Brewery	235	75	210	90	190
Canterbury	K.	Orphan Asylum	—	—	145	—	120
Caterham	S.	Waterworks	—	—	89	349	—
			709 feet T.; through chalk, and 39 feet into upper greensand.
Chelmsford	E.	Moulsham	200	368	366	202	76
			Water overflowed at first.
Cheshunt	Herts.	New River Company	144	27	1071⁄2	631⁄2	120
			Yield, 702,000 gallons a day.
Ditto	„	Theobald’s Park	71	1311⁄2	1211⁄2	81	65
Chiswell Street	M.	Whitbread’s Brewery	183	150	183	150	132
Chiswick	„	Griffin Brewery	204	200	297	107	—
			Yield, 14 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Lamb Brewery	203	194	293	104
Ditto	„	Ditto	8	339	297	50
Clewer Green	Berks.	Capt. Winterbottom’s	42	294	270	66
Ditto	„	Wycombe Cottage	20	246	169	97
Colnbrook	M.	Paper Mills	—	—	207	175	—
			Water found at 203 feet down.
Colney Hatch	„	Asylum	137	193	189	141
Covent Garden	„	Market	140	218	260	98	120
			70 feet O.D.
Cricklewood	„	Near Hampstead	225	85	291	19	110
			157 feet T.
Croydon	S.	Well for Local Board	77	—	11	62	—
			Yield 1,500,000 gallons a day.
Ditto	„	New Well	—	—	15	137	111⁄2
Dartford Creek	K.	Paper Mills	34	49	33	50	—
			Supply good.
Ditto	„	Ditto	10	2401⁄2	30	2201⁄2	2
Denham	Bucks.	Tile House	110	85	67	128	85
Deptford	K.	Waterworks	27	—	14	13	—
			20 feet O.D.
Dulwich	S.	Champion Hill	—	—	210	298
East Ham Level	E.	Beckton Gas Works	25	175	117	83	2
Edgware	M.	Mr. Day’s	—	—	290	45	40
Edgware Road	„	The Hyde	—	—	101	37
Edlesborough	Bucks.	Well, near Mill	—	301	—	—	70
			6-inch bore; through 50 feet of chalk marl to lower greensand.
Eltham	K.	Dr. King’s	46	—	46	—	17
Ditto	„	The Moat	110	—	100	10
Ditto	„	Mr. Tuck’s	44	123	1221⁄2	441⁄2	25
Ditto	„	Well Hall	—	107	104	3
Ditto Park	„	— —	—	—	122	94	170
Enfield Lock	E.	Small Arms Factory	45	2391⁄2	1521⁄2	132	4
Epping	„	Waterworks	275	129	400	4	260
			Slow spring.
Erith	K.	Mineral Oil Company	166	—	146	20
Farnham	S.	Near Hale Farm	176	—	80	96
Fleet Street	M.	London, Shoe Lane	100	225	100	225
Fulmer	Bucks.	J. Kay’s	85	—	473⁄4	371⁄4	—
			Through gravel and Reading beds.
Golden Lane	M.	Baths and Washhouses	158	—	1511⁄2	61⁄2	—
			65 feet O.D.
Gravesend	K.	Church Street	10	234	120	124	8
			Supply good and abundant.
Greenwich	„	Brewery	22	158	80	100	11
Ditto	„	East Street	189	—	159	30
Ditto	„	Hospital Brewery	155	150	1241⁄2	1801⁄2	19
			7 feet T.; supply 120 gallons a minute.
Hackney Road	M.	Wiltshire Brewery	96	3153⁄4	1523⁄4	259	80
Haggerstone	„	Imperial Gas Works	1181⁄2	302	1641⁄2	256
Hainault Forest	E.	— —	165	—	110	55
Halstead	„	The White Hart	—	—	170	30
Hammersmith	M.	Average of four wells	—	—	245	68	—
			Yield, 16 gallons a minute.
Hampstead	„	Lower Heath	320	130	378	72	—
			Now not used.
Hampstead Road	„	Eagle Brewery	138	94	146	86	147
Ditto	„	Reservoir	244	—	152	92	106
			77 feet T.
Hanwell	„	Asylum	230	90	290	30	—
			Water to surface.
Harrow	„	Waterworks	1931⁄2	219	1581⁄2	254	125
			226 feet O.D.
Haverstock Hill	„	Orphan School	230	160	312	78	196
			176 feet O.D.
Hayes	„	Dawley Court	19	300	231	88	27
Hendon	„	Mr. Booth’s	—	—	244	132	76
Highbury	„	Brewery	104	210	180	134	95
			Yield, 1000 gallons an hour.
Ditto	„	New Park	136	113	199	50
Hoddesdon	Herts.	New River Company	52	234	241⁄2	2611⁄2	2
Holloway	M.	— —	140	200	240	100
Ditto	„	City Prison	—	—	217	102
Ditto	„	Hanley Road	—	—	67	13
Ditto	„	Redcap Lane	—	—	210	90
Ditto	„	Islington Workhouse	234	306	299	250
Hornsey	„	Near Church	—	—	202	48
Ditto	„	The Priory	—	—	225	—	—
Horselydown	S.	Anchor Brewery	100	162	158	104	50
Hoxton	M.	— —	152	10	151	11
Hyde Park Corner	„	St. George’s Hospital	200	1371⁄4	3191⁄4	18	100
			50 foot O.D.; yield, 3300 gallons an hour.
Ickenham	„	Public Well	64	80	64	80
Isle of Dogs	„	Oil Mills	27	337	1241⁄2	2391⁄2	10
Isle of Grain	K.	Fort	180	140	320	—	20
			21 feet O.D.
Isleworth	M.	Sion House	—	—	420	115	—
			Water overflowed at the rate of 5 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Mr. Wilmot’s	—	327	327	—	—
			Water rose above surface.
Islington Green	„	Webb’s Mineral Water Works	—	320	176	144	200
Kensington	„	Brewery	—	—	197	—	—
			16 feet T.
Ditto	„	Britannia Brewery	100	170	270	—	88
Ditto	„	Horticultural Society	200	201	317	84	100
			60 feet O.D.
Ditto	„	Workhouse	—	—	270	100
Ditto Gardens	„	Serpentine	263	58	2631⁄4	573⁄4	105
			60 feet O.D.; yield, 250 gallons a minute.
Kentish Town	„	Waterworks	539	763	3241⁄2	6443⁄4	—
			Through London clay, 236 feet; London tertiaries, 881⁄2 feet; chalk, 6443⁄4 feet; upper greensand, 133⁄4 feet; gault, 1301⁄2 feet; and into lower greensand (?), 1881⁄2 feet.
Kilburn	„	Brewery	250	30	235	45	150
Kingsbury	„	Brent Reservoir	101	139	132	108
Kingston-on-Thames	S.	Brook Street	90	380	371	99	—
			25 feet O.D.; yield, about 44,000 gallons a day.
Knightsbridge	M.	— —	240	—	240	—	50
Lambeth	S.	Beaufoy’s Vinegar Works	100	275	201	174	—
			Yield, 92 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	South Lambeth Road	25	166	187	4
Ditto	„	Bethlehem Hospital	30	161	191	20	15
Ditto	„	Lion Brewery, Belvedere Road	—	—	245	173	40
Ditto	„	Duke Street, Street, Clowes & Sons’	26	184	210
Lea Bridge	M.	Waterworks	118	—	100	18
Leicester Square	„	Alhambra	150	195	244	101
Limehouse	„	Johnson’s, Commercial Road	90	110	190	10
Ditto	„	Brewery, Fore Street	—	—	1391⁄2
Liquorpond Street	„	Reid’s Brewery	2221⁄2	40	136	1261⁄2	121
			70 feet O.D.; yield, 277,200 gallons in 24 hours.
Long Acre	„	Combe & Co.’s Brewery	263	228	223	268	—
			70 feet O.D.; yield, 90 gallons a minute
Loughton	E.	— —	—	535	324	211	90
			No water from chalk.
Lower Morden	S.	On the Green	20	365	340	45	—
			Water to surface.
Luton	B.	Waterworks	50	272	—	322
Maldon	E.	Waterworks	234	—	234	—	—
			Entirely through London clay.
Margate	K.	Cobb’s Brewery	31	243	—	374
Marylebone Road	M.	London; a Brewery	186	101	232	55	156
Mile End	„	Mann’s Brewery	195	—	185	10
Ditto	„	Charrington’s Brewery	204	—	202	2	103
			331⁄2 feet T.; yield, 60,000 to 70,000 gallons a day.
Ditto Road	„	City of London Union	—	—	175	10
Millbank	„	Distillery	115	190	205	100	70
			Level of T.
Ditto	„	Westminster Brewery	—	—	225	70	—
			51⁄2 feet T.
Mitcham	S.	Nightingale’s Factory	—	211	189	22
Monkham Park	E.	Near Waltham Abbey	225	125	304	76	50
Mortlake	S.	Mortlake Brewery	30	288	287	31	50
			Yield, 14,000 gallons a day.
Ditto	„	Mr. Randell’s	—	365	315	50
New Cross	K.	Naval School	50	130	125	55	60
Northolt	M.	Near Harrow	12	228	180	60	4
Notting Dale	„	Near Notting Hill	—	—	244	12
Notting Hill	„	Mr. Knight’s	—	—	230	200
Old Kent Road	S.	Welsh Ale Brewery	—	—	30	170	—
			10 feet O.D.
Old Windsor	Berks.	Pelham Place	—	—	222	9
Ditto	„	The Union	60	180	240	47
Orange Street	M.	Back of National Gallery	174	126	250	50	115
			42 feet T.
Oxford Street	„	Star Brewery	166	170	158	178
Peckham	S.	Marlborough House	—	—	100	123
Penge	„	Palace Grounds	250	310	358	202	90
Pentonville	M.	Brewery, Caledonian Road	2191⁄2	—	2191⁄2	45	180
			To chalk.
Ditto	„	Prison	170	2001⁄2	2191⁄2	151
Pimlico	„	Cubitt’s Works	188	—	188	—	—
			2 feet T.
Ditto	„	Brewer Street	30	368	271	127
Ditto	„	Simpson’s Factory	—	—	231	100	36
			1 foot T.
Pinner	„	Hatch End	140	—	60	80
Plaistow	E.	Odam’s Manure Works	—	—	1701⁄2	128
Ponders End	M.	London Jute Company	4	399	1121⁄2	2901⁄2	—
			Water overflows.
Ditto	„	Crape Works	20	42	62
Ditto	„	Local Board (Speller)	—	—	106	961⁄2
Ditto	„	Waterworks	23	181	97	107	—
			43 feet T.
Pudsey Hall	E.	Near Canewdon	297	—	297	—	—
			Water abundant and good.
Ratcliffe	M.	Queen’s Head Brewery	—	—	160	200
Ditto	„	Marine Brewery	16	236	150	102
Ditto	„	Ravenhill’s	—	137
Regent’s Park	„	Colosseum	150	100	171	79
Ditto	„	Mr. Day’s	—	—	184	216	80
Ditto	„	Zoological Gardens	183	91	224	50	120
			Yield, 90,000 gallons a day.
Richmond	S.	Old Waterworks	—	—	276	103
Ditto	„	Star and Garter	—	—	416	76
Romford	E.	Ind, Coope, & Co.	155	—	145	10
Rotherhithe	S.	Brandram’s Works	30	222	107	145	27
			Yield, 100,000 gallons in 12 hours.
Ditto	„	Tunnel Flour Mills	—	—	125	135	—
			15 feet O.D.; yield, 80 gallons a minute.
Ruislip	M.	Near “The George”	15	903⁄4	753⁄4	30	—
			Water to surface.
Saffron Walden	E.	— —	—	—	—	1000
Sandhurst	Berks.	Well at College	—	603	—	—	—
			Trial boring; chalk reached.
Sandwich	K.	The Bank	70	—	62	8	20
Sheerness	„	Waterworks	300	84	384	—	—
			51⁄2 feet O.D.; yield, 10,000 gallons an hour.
Ditto	„	Dockyard	330	125	455	—	53
			Yield, 675 gallons an hour.
Shoreditch	M.	Truman’s Brewery	300	230	199	331	120
			Yield, 71⁄2 gallons a minute.
Shorne Meade Fort	K.	Near Gravesend	112	—	771⁄2	341⁄2
Shortlands	„	Near Bromley	59	150	109	100	61
			Yield, 1000 gallons an hour.
Slough	Bucks.	Eton Union	28	103	107	24
Ditto	„	Royal Nursery	—	—	94	171⁄2
Ditto	„	Upton Park	—	—	1021⁄4	1701⁄4
Ditto	„	Waterworks	117	—	90	27	7
			Heading into chalk.
Smithfield	M.	Booth’s Distillery	—	—	230	70	70
Southend	E.	Waterworks	417	—	417	—	100
			Old well.
Southwark	S.	Barclay’s Brewery	115	288	212	211	—
			Level of T.; yield, 300 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Guy’s Hospital	132	173	196	109	84
			2 feet T.; yield, 33 gallons a minute.
Staines	M.	Ashby’s Brewery	—	—	369	154	—
			Water to surface.
Stifford	E.	S.E. of Church	63	—	33	30
Stockwell Green	S.	Waltham’s Brewery	100	210	210	100	46
			Yield, 33 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Hammerton’s Brewery	25	186	211	154	—
			Yield, 46 gallons a minute.
Stratford	E.	Great Eastern Works	56	344	106	294
Ditto	„	Savill Bros.’ Brewery	1121⁄2	—	1091⁄2	3
Ditto	„	Langthorn Chemical Works	60	395	132	323	—
			Supply abundant.
Streatham	S.	The Common	100	185	285
Sudbury	M.	London and North-Western Rail. Station	200	—	120	80
Tottenham	„	Warne’s Works	—	—	147	104
Ditto	„	Long Water	—	—	1491⁄2	1011⁄2
Ditto	„	Tottenham Hall	—	253	153	100
Tottenham Court Road	„	Meux’s Brewery	188	622	156	654	—
			85 feet O.D.; yield, 121⁄2 gallons a minute.
Tower Hill	„	Royal Mint	1951⁄2	202	1951⁄2	202	80
Trafalgar Square	„	London	168	228	248	148	—
			Yield, 450 gallons a minute.
Upchurch	K.	Burntwick Island	—	236	236
Ditto	„	Milford Hope Marshes	—	304	210	94	—
			Good supply at bottom.
Upper Thames Street	M.	City of London Brewery	90	415	210	295	10
Uxbridge	„	The Dolphin	121	—	811⁄2	391⁄2	3
Ditto	„	Near Market Place	—	—	104	28	151⁄2
Ditto	„	Page’s Lane	98	—	98
Ditto	„	Town Well	—	—	109	30	19
Ditto	„	Near “King’s Arms”	24	84	108	—	19
			To chalk.
Ditto	„	New Year’s Green Farm	63	—	63	—	51
Ditto	„	Hurdle Yard	78	391⁄2	78	391⁄2
Ditto	„	Near Meeting House	411⁄2	1091⁄2	115	36	39
Ditto	„	The Union	51	162	175	38	29
Vauxhall	S.	Burnett’s Distillery	140	186	224	102	55
			Yield, 80 gallons a minute.
Waltham Abbey	E.	Brewery	164	—	160	4	—
			Water supply from bed of sand.
Walthamstow Marsh	„	East London Waterworks	—	—	152	140	—
			15 feet T.
Wandworth	S.	Young & Bainbridge’s	170	164	274	60	45
			Yield, 10 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Prison	—	—	357	1261⁄2	80
			Yield, 27 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	County Asylum	—	—	331	6	30
Westbourne Grove	M.	Hippodrome	240	67	300	7
West Drayton	„	Victoria Oil Mills	12	274	186	100	—
			Water overflowed.
Ditto	„	Vitriol Works	—	—	1331⁄2	451⁄2
Ditto	„	Drayton Mills	3	146	149	—	—
			To chalk.
West Ham	E.	Mr. Tucker’s	—	—	132	306
Ditto	„	Union	—	—	110	55
West India Dock	M.	South of Export Dock	—	—	120	240
Westminster	„	Artillery Brewery	—	—	230
Ditto	„	Chartered Gas Works	—	—	225
Ditto	„	Vickers’ Distillery	116	184	249	51	70
			Yield, 94 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Swallow Street	—	—	210	—	60
Whitechapel	„	Furze’s Brewery	130	218	248	100
Ditto	„	Smith’s Distillery	106	264	210	160	36
			36 feet T.
Ditto	„	Smith, Druce, & Co.’s	1411⁄2	—	1411⁄2	—	85
			39 feet T.
Willesden	„	Mr. Kilsby’s	—	—	273	97	30
Wimbledon	S.	Convalescent Hospital	200	367	537	30	50
Ditto, New	„	Opposite “White Hart”	—	—	193	75
Windsor	Berks	Clower Lodge	40	175	175	40
Ditto	„	Royal Brewery	72	—	72	—	—
			Through clay and running sand to chalk.
Ditto	„	Jennings’ Brewery	—	—	30	500	12
Winkfield Plain	„	Captain Forbes’	—	—	304	126	70
Witham	E.	— —	—	—	306	—	5
Woodley Lodge	Berks.	3 miles east of Reading	95	35	130
Woolwich	K.	Well of Arsenal	—	—	541⁄2	3111⁄2	37
Ditto	„	Paper Factory	—	550	51⁄2	5441⁄2	—
			Yield, 650 gallons a minute.
Ditto	„	Dockyard	—	608	20	588	70
			Yield good.
Wormley	Herts.	Nunsbury	26	761⁄2	801⁄2	22	—
			Water overflows.
Ditto	„	West End	85	1501⁄2	72	631⁄2	62
Wormwood Scrubbs	M.	— —	—	—	250	116	5

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[CHAPTER VIII.]
TABLES AND MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

The following tabulated form shows the order of succession of the various stratified rocks with their usual thicknesses.

Groups.							Strata.				Thickness in Feet.
		RECENT					1	Modern Deposits.
		PLEISTOCENE					2	Drift and Gravel Beds			20 to 100
							3	Mammaliferous Crag			10 to 40
		PLIOCENE					4	Red Crag			30
CAINOZOIC, OR							5	Suffolk (Coralline) Crag			30
TERTIARY.		MIOCENE					6	Faluns (Touraine) Molasse Sandstones			6000
							7	Hempstead Series			170
				Upper			8	Bembridge Series			110
							9	Headon Series			200
		EOCENE		Middle			10	Barton Beds			300
							11	Bagshot and Bracklesham Series			1200
				Lower			12	London Clay and Bognor Beds			200 to 520
							13	Woolwich Beds & Thanet Sands			100
							14	Maestricht Beds			110
							15	Upper Chalk			300
							16	Lower Chalk and Chalk Marl			400
		CRETACEOUS					17	Upper Greensand			130
							18	Gault			100
							19	Speeton Clay			130
							20	Lower Greensand			250
		WEALDEN					21	Weald Clay			150
							22	Hastings Sands			600
		PURBECK					23	Purbeck Beds			150
		UPPER					24	Portland Rock and Sand			150
		OOLITE					25	Kimmeridge Clay			400
							26	Upper Calcareous Grit			40
MESOZOIC, OR		MIDDLE					27	Coralline Oolite			30
SECONDARY.		OOLITE					28	Lower Calcareous Grit			40
							29	Oxford Clay			400
							30	Kellaways Rock			30
							31	Cornbrash			10
							32	Forest Marble and Bradford Clay			50
		LOWER					33	Great Oolite			120
		OOLITE					34	Stonesfield Slate			9
							35	Fullers’ Earth			50 to 150
							36	Inferior Oolite			80 to 250
							37	Upper Lias Shale			50 to 300
		LIAS					38	Marlstone and Shale			30 to 200
							39	Lower Lias and Bone Beds			100 to 300
		TRIASSIC, or					40	Variegated Marls or Keuper			800
		NEW RED					41	Muschelkalk
		SANDSTONE					42	Red Sandstone or Bunter			600
		PERMIAN or					43	Red Sand and Marl			50
		MAGNESIAN					44	Magnesian Limestone			300
		LIMESTONE					45	Marl Slate			60
							46	Lower Red Sandstone			200
							47	Coal Measures			3000 to 12,000
		CARBONIFEROUS					48	Millstone Grit			600
							49	Mountain Limestone			500 to 1400
							50	Limestone Shales			1000
PALÆOZOIC, OR		DEVONIAN or					51	Upper Devonian
PRIMARY.		OLD RED					52	Middle Devonian			3000 to 8000
		SANDSTONE					53	Lower Devonian and Tilestones
							54	Ludlow Rocks			2000
				Upper			55	Wenlock Beds			1800
							56	Woolhope Series			3050
		SILURIAN		Middle			57	Llandovery Rocks			2000
							58	Caradoc and Bala Rocks			5000
				Lower			59	Llandeilo Rocks			4000
							60	Lingula Flags			8000
		CAMBRIAN					61	Longmynd and Cambrian Rocks			20,000
		METAMORPHIC						Clay Slate, Mica-Schist.
AZOIC.								Gneiss, Quartz Rocks.
		IGNEOUS						Granite.

The Quantity of Excavation in Wells for each Foot in Depth. (Hurst.)
Diameter of Excavation.		Quantity.
ft.	in.	cubic yards.
3	0	·2618
3	3	·3072
3	6	·3563
3	9	·4091
4	0	·4654
4	3	·5254
4	6	·5890
4	9	·6563
5	0	·7272
5	3	·8018
5	6	·8799
5	9	·9617
6	0	1·0472
6	3	1·1363
6	6	1·2290
6	9	1·3254
7	0	1·4254
7	3	1·5290
7	6	1·6362
7	9	1·7472
8	0	1·8617
8	6	2·1017
9	0	2·3562
9	6	2·6253
10	0	2·9089
10	6	3·2070
11	0	3·5198
12	0	4·1888

The Measure in Gallons, and the Weight in Pounds, of Watercontained in Wells, for each Foot in Depth.
Diameter.		No. of Galls.	Weight.
ft.	in.
2	0	19·61	196·1
2	6	30·56	305·6
3	0	43·97	439·7
3	6	60·00	600·0
4	0	78·19	781·9
4	6	98·87	988·7
5	0	122·23	1222·3
5	6	147·96	1479·6
6	0	175·99	1759·9
6	6	206·59	2065·9
7	0	239·05	2395·0
7	6	275·49	2754·9
8	0	313·43	3134·3
8	6	353·03	3533·0
9	0	395·42	3954·2
9	6	441·71	4417·1
10	0	489·93	4899·3