| Killed on field | 43,892 |
| Wounded with colors | 145,527 |
| Died of those wounds | 9,054 |
| Sick, including wounds, accidents, etc., not received on firing-line | 162,556 |
| Died of sickness and disease | 7,433 |
| Contagious diseases | 10,565 |
| Died of contagious diseases | 4,557 |
| Killed and died from wounds | 52,946 |
| Died from all diseases | 11,992 |
Japanese Naval Increment[220]
Writing about naval increment, the “Nichi Nichi Shimbun” notes the increase of the Japanese Navy during recent years as follows:—
| Total Tonnage. | |
|---|---|
| 1897 | 100,000 |
| 1898 | 134,000 |
| 1899 | 154,000 |
| 1900 | 204,000 |
| 1901 | 232,000 |
In the immediate future, the total tonnage will be raised to the post-bellum figure of 250,000 tons.[221] Everybody agrees that Japan must not rest there. She has to keep up with the rapid additions made by other countries to their naval forces. That is not a matter of serious difficulty so far as ships are concerned: they can always be bought with money. But the men to man them is another problem. After the Restoration any number of recruits were obtainable for the army, as was natural in a country where a military feudalism had existed for centuries. The navy, however, could not be so easily supplied, maritime enterprise having been effectually checked under the Tokugawa rule. Difficulties about seamen may now be said to have been overcome. But that is not true of officers. Our contemporary here gives the following table:—
| Year. | Number of Officers and Men Actually Serving. | Total Force, Including Reserves. |
|---|---|---|
| 1895 | 14,463 | 17,140 |
| 1900 | 28,308 | 32,981 |
This shows an increment of only 100 per cent, whereas the increase of tonnage in the same time was 400 per cent.[222] The great difficulty is to get a supply of officers for the lower ranks—midshipmen and lieutenants. The only college for educating these officers is at Edajima, where not more than 600 cadets can be accommodated. There, then, a change must be effected. It will probably take the form of organizing another naval college at Yokosuka, and making arrangements that the preliminary education of candidates shall be effected in the middle schools.
Japan’s Mercantile Marine[223]
The “Tōkyō Keizai” publishes some interesting statistics bearing on the development of our mercantile marine. It was 1870 or thereabouts that the Japanese began to turn their attention to the carrying trade in the modern sense of the term, but its growth was slow until the Chinese War of 1894-1895. The following table gives the figures for the eleven years from 1892 to 1902 inclusive:
| Year. | Tons. |
|---|---|
| 1892 | 214,000 |
| 1893 | 325,000 |
| 1894 | 320,000 |
| 1895 | 386,000 |
| 1896 | 417,000 |
| 1897 | 486,000 |
| 1898 | 648,000 |
| 1899 | 796,000 |
| 1900 | 863,000 |
| 1901 | 917,000 |
| 1902 | 934,000[224] |