ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

The Late Emperor Meiji Tenno

[Frontispiece]

Nagasaki Harbor

[10]

Lighthouse Inland Sea

[10]

Cotton Mills, Ōsaka

[20]

First Bank, Tōkyō

[38]

Baron Shibusawa

[42]

Group of Country People

[46]

New Year’s Greeting

[64]

Garden at Ōji

[78]

Ōsaka Castle

[92]

Perry Monument, near Uraga

[106]

Statesmen of New Japan: Prince Sanjō and Count Katsu

[116]

Departments of State: Navy, Agriculture and Commerce,Justice, Foreign Affairs

[126]

Naval Leaders of Japan: Admiral Enomoto, Admiral Kabayama

[136]

Distinguished Land Commanders: General Baron Kuroki,General Baron Oku, General Baron Nodzu

[146]

Military Leaders of New Japan: Field-Marshal Ōyamaand Field-Marshal Yamagata

[150]

Statesmen of New Japan: Count Ōkuma, MarquisInouye, Count Itagaki, Marquis Matsukata

[156]

Court Buildings, Tōkyō

[164]

The Mint, Ōsaka

[164]

Statesmen of New Japan: Ōkubo, Saigō, Kido, andPrince Iwakura

[172]

H. I. M. the Empress

[188]

H. I. M. the Crown Prince

[196]

Imperial University Buildings, Tōkyō

[210]

Educators and Scientists of Japan: Baron Ishiguro,Viscount Mori, Mr. Fukuzawa, Dr. Kitasato

[216]

Painting by Ho-Itsu: View of Fuji-San

[224]

Painting by Yasunobu: Heron and Lotus

[230]

Group of Pilgrims

[252]

Buddhist Priests

[252]

Gospel Ship, “Fukuin Maru”

[268]

Y. M. C. A. Summer School, Dōshisha, Kyōto

[268]

Four Gates: Palace, Tōkyō; Palace, Kyōto; Sakurada,Tōkyō; Nijō Castle, Kyōto

[282]

The Naval Hero of the War, Admiral Togo

[306]

Distinguished Naval Commanders: Admiral Uriu,Admiral Kamimura, Commander Hirose

[310]

Distinguished Land Commanders: General BaronKodama, General Count Nogi, Admiral Prince Itō

[316]

The Japanese Peace Envoys: Count Komura, Minister Takahira

[318]

H. I. M. the Emperor

[330]

Marquis Saionji

[332]

Statesmen of New Japan: Marquis Katsura and Prince Itō

[336]

Viscount Sone

[338]

General Viscount Terauchi

[344]

Military Review, Himeji

[360]

“Shikishima” in Naval Review, Kōbe

[384]

Map of Japan

[342]

JAPANESE PRONUNCIATION

a like a in father
eemen
iipin
oopony
uoobook
ai as in aisle
eiweigh
au as o in bone
ō „ „ „ „
ū as oo in moon

i in the middle of a word and u in the middle or at the end of a word are sometimes almost inaudible.

The consonants are all sounded, as in English: g, however, has only the hard sound, as in give, although the nasal ng is often heard; ch and s are always soft, as in check and sin; and z before u has the sound of dz. In the case of double consonants, each one must be given its full sound.

There are as many syllables as vowels. There is practically no accent; but care must be taken to distinguish between o and ō, u and ū, of which the second is more prolonged than the first.

Be sure to avoid the flat sound of a, which is always pronounced ah.

A HANDBOOK
OF
MODERN JAPAN

CHAPTER I
PHYSIOGRAPHY