Heath's Modern Language Series: The Spanish American Reader

by Ernesto Nelson

[A], [B], [C], [CH], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [LL], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y], [Z]

A
abacería, f., grocery.
abarcar, to clasp, to include.
abarrotes, m. pl., groceries.
abastecer, to provide necessaries, to purvey.
abatir, to throw down, to cut down, to lower, to descend, to stop;
refl., to dishearten.
abigarrado, -a, variegated, motley.
ablandar, to soften.
abogado, m., lawyer, attorney at law.
abolladura, f., dent.
abonado, -a, holder of a season ticket.
abonar, to pay;
to subscribe;
to fertilize.
abono, m., subscription;
fertilizer.
abrasante, burning, scorching.
abrumado, -a, weary, burdened.
abundamiento, a mayor ——, moreover.
acabar, to finish, to end;
—— de, to have just;
—— por, to end by.
acalorarse, refl., to grow warm, to become excited.
acanelado, -a, cinnamon-colored.
acariciar, to caress.
acarrear, to carry.
acaso, m., hazard, chance;
si por ——, if by chance.
acaudalado, -a, rich, wealthy.
accionar, to gesticulate.
aceituna, f., olive.
acendrado, -a, purified, refined.
acendrar, to purify, to refine.
acentuar, to emphasize, to accent.
aceptante, m., he who accepts.
acerca de, about, relating to.
acercarse, refl., to get near, to approach.
acertar, to hit;
to succeed.
aciago, -a, unfortunate, sad.
aclaración, f., explanation.
acoger, to receive;
refl., to take refuge, to resort to.
acogido, see acoger.
acometer, to attack, to undertake.
acomodado, -a, well-to-do.
acondicionar, to pack.
acontecimiento, m., event.
acosar, to pursue closely, to vex.
acostado, -a, lying down.
acrecentar, to increase, to grow.
acreedor, m., creditor.
acriollarse, refl. (Sp. A.), to become acquainted with the customs of a country in which one is a new-comer.
acuarela, f., watercolor.
acudir, to have recourse to, to apply to.
acurrucado, -a, muffled up.
achatado, -a, flattened; see achatar.
achatar, to flatten.
achura, f. (Sp. A.), intestines, viscera.
adelantar, to pay beforehand, to advance, to loan (money);
refl., to step forward, to get ahead.
adelanto, m., advance, progress.
ademán, m., gesture.
además, in addition to, moreover.
aderezar, to dress.
adiós, good-by.
adiosito (Sp. A.), an intimate, affectionate form of adiós.
admitir, to accept, to receive.
adonde, where.
aduana, f., custom-house.
adular, to flatter.
adusto, -a, austere, gloomy, intractable, sullen.
advertir, to take notice, to advise, to warn;
to discover.
afamado, -a, celebrated, noted.
afición, f., inclination.
aficionado, m., amateur.
aflojar, to loosen, to relax.
aforrado, lined.
aforrar, to line.
agarrar, to grasp, to seize, to take.
agasajar, to receive well, to treat kindly.
agavilladora, f., an agricultural machine which reaps and binds grain in sheaves;
steam reaper and binder.
agencia, f., office, bureau;
—— marítima, office of a steamship company;
—— de colocaciones, employment bureau;
—— de mensajeros, district messenger office;
—— de transportes, express office;
—— de mudanzas, moving van office;
—— de alquileres, real estate office;
—— de cambio, money changer’s office.
ágil, nimble, ready, rapid, light.
agio, m., speculation.
agonizante, a dying person, in the death-throes.
agresivo, -a, hostile.
agrícola, agricultural.
agrimensor, m., surveyor.
agua, f., —— dulce, fresh water;
——s servidas, waste waters, sewage.
aguacate, m., alligator pear or the tree which bears this fruit.
aguantar, to bear, to sustain, to endure, to hold out.
aguará, m., a. species of fox found in S. A.
aguardar, to await, to look for.
aguardiente, m., brandy;
—— de caña, rum.
agudeza, f., witty saying;
shrewdness;
subtlety.
agudo, -a, witty.
aguileño, -a, aquiline.
aguinaldo, m., a Cuban vine which blooms about Christmas time.
agutí, m., agouti, a species of small rodent.
aguzado, -a, pointed, keen, sharpened, stimulated, excited.
ahinco, m., ardor, earnestness, zeal.
ahondar, to sound, to penetrate, to dip into, to become acquainted with.
ahora, now;
—— bien, well, granted, nevertheless;
—— mismo, just now;
por ——, for the present;
desde ——, from now on;
hasta ——, until now.
ahorrar, to save.
ahuehuetl or ahuehuete, a giant tree of Mexico.
aire, m., air;
—— libre, fresh air.
ají, m., the dwarf red pepper of the West Indies.
ajo, m., garlic.
ala, f., wing;
—— de sombrero, hat-brim.
alabar, to praise.
alambicado, -a, said of a line of business subjected to keen competition;
in sharp competition.
alar, pertaining to wings.
alargado, -a, elongated, lengthened.
alarido, m., shout, howl.
albaricoque, m., apricot.
albergue, m., lodging, shelter.
albor, m., dawn.
alborotar, to disturb.
alborotos, m. pl. (Sp. A.), popcorn;
noisy demonstrations.
alcance, m., scope, reach;
al ——, within reach.
alcantarilla, f., culvert, drain, underground sewer.
alcanzar, to attain, to reach, to overtake, to comprehend.
alcoba, f., alcove, bedroom.
aleación, f., alloy.
alegato, m., allegation, complaint;
statement by the plaintiff of his grievance.
alejamiento, m., aloofness, distance, strangeness.
alejandrino, m., Alexandrine, a classic form of verse.
alentar, to encourage.
aletargado, -a, in a state of lethargy.
aletargarse, refl., to fall into a state of lethargy.
aleteo, m., clapping of the wings.
alfiler, m., pin;
—— de corbata, scarf-pin.
algarrobo, m., a tree belonging to the leguminous family.
algazara, f., shouting, a noisy expression of joy.
algo, something;
somewhat;
m., a something.
algodonero, m., cotton-plant.
alguno, -a, some, any;
pl., some, certain (ones), a few;
no ... ——, not any ...;
ni ... ——, no ... whatever.
alicates, m., fine-pointed pincers.
aliciente, m., inducement.
aliento, m., breath, spirit, vigor;
de largo ——, requiring much time to accomplish;
long-winded.
alimaña, f., insect or animal pests.
aliviar, to lighten, to mitigate, to relieve.
aljibe, m., cistern, reservoir.
almacén, m., warehouse;
(Sp. A.) grocery.
almendra, f., almond.
alondra, f., lark.
alpaca, f., a ruminant of South America, bearing a certain kind of wool.
alrededor, around, roundabout.
alteroso, -a (Obs.), high, tall.
altiplanicie, f. (Sp. A.), plateau, high tableland.
altisonante, high-sounding.
altivo, -a, haughty, proud.
alto, m., a piece of high ground.
altozano, m., a height of land, a hill.
altura, f., height, top (of a hill).
alusivo, -a, suggestive, making allusion to, alluding to.
alza, f., rise.
alzada, f., height (of horse).
allá, there.
allasito (Sp. A.), dim. from allá.
ama, f., mistress of the house;
—— de casa, housewife, housekeeper.
amagamiento, m., suggestion.
amalgamar, to mix, to put together;
to construe.
amañado, -a, possessed (of an evil spirit).
amargura, f., bitterness, sorrow.
amarrar, to tie, to bind.
amasado, -a, kneaded.
amasar, to knead.
amén de, besides.
americano, -a, belonging to the western hemisphere;
—— del norte, North American, referring particularly to the United States.
amistades, f. pl., friends, acquaintances;
friendships;
friendly relations.
amoldar, to mold.
amordazar, to gag, to deprive of liberty of speech.
ampararse, refl., to claim or enjoy protection.
amparo, m., favor, aid, protection.
ampuloso, -a, pompous.
ánade, m. and f., duck.
analfabeto, m., one unable to read or write.
angarilla, f., a kind of pack-saddle.
anhelar, to desire earnestly.
animal, m., applied to any kind of live stock;
—— fino or de raza or de pura sangre, thoroughbred.
antes, before, beforehand;
—— de, before;
—— de que, before;
—— que, rather than;
cuanto ——, as soon as possible;
de ——, formerly, in olden times.
antiguo, -a, ancient, de ——;
from long ago.
antiparras, f. pl., spectacles with colored lenses, closed at the sides by wire gauze.
antorcha, f., torch.
anudar, to tie.
añadir, to add.
añicos, m. pl., bits, small pieces.
año, m., year;
ahora ——s, years ago.
añoso, -a, old.
apacentar, to graze, to pasture.
apacible, affable, gentle, quiet, placid, pleasant, calm.
aparador, m., sideboard.
aparcero, -a (River Plate), friend.
aparejado, -a, equipped.
aparejar, to equip.
aparejo, m., harness;
apparatus,
equipment in any trade;
fish-hooks and tackle.
aparta, f., the act of dividing herds into groups.
apasionarse, refl., to become excessively fond of a person or thing.
apearse, refl., to alight.
apego, m., attachment, fondness.
apio, m., celery.
aplastar, to flatten, to crush.
apodo, m., nickname;
name.
aporrear, to beat, to knock about.
aportar, to contribute, to bring in;
to set aside.
aposento, m., bedroom.
apoyar, to approve, to second, to back.
apreciar, to estimate, to value, to appreciate.
apremio, m., pressure, strain, insistence, constriction, constraint.
aprendiz, m., apprentice.
apropósito, m., a one-act play which alludes to current events;
a “curtain-raiser.”
aprovechar, to profit, to take advantage.
apuntar, to point out, to mark, to take note of.
apurar, to consume;
to clear up;
(Sp. A.) to press, to hasten.
arado, -a, plowed;
m., plow.
araguato, m., a species of monkey.
araguida, m., a bird with brilliant red plumage.
arambel, m., rag.
araña, f., spider;
chandelier.
arar, to plow.
arbitral, arbitral;
cámara ——, board of arbitration.
arcilla, f., clay;
—— refractaria, fire-clay.
archivo, m., filing cabinet.
arder, to burn.
ardimiento, m., courage, ardor.
arduo, -a, arduous, difficult.
arenga, f., harangue.
arenque, m., herring.
argentado, -a, covered with silver;
silvery.
argentar, to cover with silver.
argentinismo, m., word or idiom peculiar to the Argentine Republic.
argolla, f., a large metal ring.
arhuaco, -a, pertaining to the Arhuacos, an Indian tribe.
arisco, -a, wild, churlish, intractable.
arista, f., edge, groin, rib.
armador, m., ship-owner, ship-builder.
armar, to arm, to adjust, to frame, to put together;
refl. (Sp. A.), to balk.
armario, m., cabinet, closet.
armazón, f., framework.
armiño, m., ermine.
arqueado, -a, arched.
arquear, to form an arch.
arraigar, to take root;
to found, to institute.
arrancar, to pull up by the roots;
to start (off).
arrapiezo, m., street urchin.
arrebatar, to take away by violence.
arredrarse, refl., to become terrified.
arreglillo, m., an amorous adventure or episode.
arremetida, f., attack, assault.
arrendar, to bridle a horse.
arriate, m., border in garden beds.
arriero, m., driver of mules or cattle.
arrinconar, to put a thing in a corner.
arrojar, to throw, to total, to sum up.
arrojo, m., a spurt of bravery.
arrostrar, to face.
arruga, f., a wrinkle.
artificio, m., artifice, ruse.
asado, m., roast (meat).
asaltar, to assault, to assail; to
occur to one.
asamblea, f., assembly, meeting.
ascensor, m., elevator;
—— doméstico, dumbwaiter.
ascua, f., red-hot coal.
aseado, -a, clean, neat.
asear, to clean.
asegurar, to secure, to insure;
to assure.
aseguro, m. (Sp. A.), see seguro.
asentar, to affirm, to assure, to set forth, to set as a basis.
asentir, to acquiesce, to assent.
así, so, thus;
—— como, in the same way as;
—— como ——, any way;
—— que, so that;
¿cómo ——? how so?
asistencia, f., attendance.
asolar, to devastate, to pillage.
áspero, -a, rough, rugged, harsh.
astillero, m., shipyard, navy-yard.
asustarse, refl., to shy (a horse).
atajar, to stop, to intercept.
atambor (Obs.), drum.
atar, to tie, to bind.
atenacear, to tear off with pincers.
atender, to attend.
atenerse, refl., to abide.
aterciopelado, -a, smooth, velvety.
atesorar, to hoard, to save.
atestado, packed full.
atestar, to pack full.
atezado, -a, black.
atiplado, -a, sharp, acute, out of tune.
atisbar, to watch.
atrapar, to overtake, to catch.
atraso, m., backwardness.
atrio, m., the open space before a church.
aturdido, -a, stupefied with a blow.
aturdir, to stupefy with a blow.
aura, f., gentle breeze (Poetical).
aureo, -a, golden, gilt.
auto, m., judicial decree or sentence.
autóctono, native to the country.
avalúo, m., appraisal, valuation.
avanzado, m., outpost, advance guard.
avellano, m., hazelnut tree.
aventajado, -a, surpassing the ordinary or common.
aventajar, to surpass.
aventar, to move the air, to toss in the wind, to winnow grain.
avergonzarse, refl., to be ashamed.
averiado, -a, damaged.
averiar, to damage.
averiguar, to verify, to inquire into.
avestruz, m., ostrich.
avezado, -a, accustomed.
avistar, to descry at a distance.
avivar, to quicken, to enliven.
avizor, -a, watchful.
avo, m., termination of words indicating the denomination of fractions.
ayuda, help;
—— propia, self-help.
azabache, m., jet.
azahar, m., blossom of the orange or lemon tree.
azogado, -a, agitated, surprised, dumfounded.
azogar, to coat with quicksilver;
to agitate;
to bewilder, to amaze.
azotea, f., flat roof of a house.
azúcar, f., sugar;
—— de lustre, fine powdered sugar;
—— mascabada, unclarified sugar;
—— morena or terciada, brown sugar;
—— negra or prieta, coarse brown sugar;
—— piedra or cande, crystallized sugar;
—— parda, clayed sugar.
azufre, m., sulphur.
azulejo, m., glazed tile.

B
bagaje, m., baggage;
beast of burden.
baja, f., fall in price.
bajío, m., shoal, sand-bank, shallow or flat.
bajito, -a, dim. of bajo. bajo, low, short (referring to stature).
balandra, f., small one-masted vessel.
balanza, f., scale, balance.
balazo, m., shot;
also, the wound from a shot.
balcón, m., balcony.
baldío, -a, untilled, uncultivated, vacant (land).
baldosa, f., square tile.
bambuco, m. (Sp. A.), a popular dance in Colombia.
bancario, -a, pertaining to banks and banking.
bandada, f., flock.
banderola, f. (Sp. A.), fanlight, transom.
bando, m., edict or law solemnly published by superior authority.
bandola, f., a small musical instrument resembling a tambourine.
banqueta, f., footstool, seat.
bañado, m. (Sp. A.), also bañadero, water-hole, swamp.
baño, m., bath;
—— maría, steam cooker, double boiler.
barajar, to shuffle cards;
to catch on the wing.
baratillero, m., peddler.
barbudo, -a, bearded, having a long beard.
barca, f., boat;
—— de pesca, fishing boat.
barco, m., boat (this word applies to all kinds of floating craft);
—— de vapor, steamer.
bardo, m., bard.
barquero, m., boatman.
barra, f., bar, reef, or sand-bank at the mouth of a harbor;
—— de fango, mud-bank.
barranca, f., ravine, precipice, cliff.
barrio, m., city ward or district.
barro, m., clay;
loza de ——, earthenware.
bastardo, -a, spurious, illegitimate.
basura, f., sweepings;
withered leaves in a forest.
basurero, m., dust or garbage collector;
dungyard.
batata, f. (Sp. A.), sweet potato.
batey, m., machinery and other appurtenances of a sugar-mill;
(Cuba) the factory itself.
batir, to beat, to stir briskly.
baúl-cómoda, m., wardrobe trunk.
bautismo, m., baptism.
bazar, m. (Sp. A.), store where household goods are sold.
becerro, m., yearling calf.
beduino, -a, Bedouin, Arab of the desert.
begona, f., a S. A. fish.
bejucos, m., creeping plants which climb on trees.
beneficiar, to work and improve a mine;
(Sp. A.) to quarter cattle or sheep.
benteveo, m., South American bird, so named because of its curious cry.
berenjena, f., egg-plant.
bergantín, m., brig, brigantine.
bermejo, -a, of a bright reddish color.
berrear, to bleat like a calf.
berza, f., cabbage.
biblioteca, f., library;
bookcase;
—— giratoria, revolving bookcase.
bienes raíces, m. pl., real estate.
billete, m., ticket.
bisagra, f., hinge.
bisoñería, f. (Sp. A.), lack of experience in the habits of a country.
bizcochuelo, m. (Sp. A.), sponge-cake.
blanquear, to whitewash.
blanquecino, -a, whitish.
bocado, m., bit of a bridle.
boceto, m., sketch;
—— cómico, a short comedy.
bocha, f., wooden ball;
the game of bowls.
bodega, f., storehouse;
wine vault, hence, the establishment where wine is made;
(Sp. A.), grocery.
bodegón, m., a squalid eating-house.
bofetada, f., slap, box, blow in the face with the open hand.
boga, f., a fish.
bohío, m., palm-thatched hut (West Indies).
boina, f., flat, round woolen cap;
cap originally worn by the Carlists.
boldo, m., a medicinal plant found in Chile, used also to color wine.
boleadora, f. (Sp. A.), bifurcated ropes, with weights at the extremities of the bifurcated sections, thrown about the legs of cattle to be caught.
boliche, m. (Sp. A.), the game of ten-pins.
bolos, the game of ten-pins.
bolsa, f., bag, purse;
—— de comercio, stock exchange.
bollo, m., small roll made of fine flour.
bomba, f., pump.
bombilla, f., narrow metal tube ending in a spoon-shaped covered, but perforated, bowl used in drinking mate.
bonetería, f., department in dry-goods stores where knitted goods are sold.
bonito, m., South American fish of fine flavor.
bordado, m., embroidery.
borde, m., strip.
borla, f., tassel.
borracha, f., name applied in Brazil to the rubber tree, sometimes used in Spanish America also.
borrar, to erase, to obliterate, to rub out.
boscaje, m., cluster of trees, grove.
bostezo, m., yawn, yawning.
bota, f., boot;
—— de potro, a crude kind of boot made from the hide covering the joints of the horse’s hind legs;
—— granadera, boot with a stiff cuff, worn by Napoleon’s grenadiers.
botafuego, m., a very highly seasoned dish.
botica, f., drug-store.
boudoir, m. (French), small parlor. The resulting neologism budoar is now in current use.
bóveda, f., vault, arch;
—— celeste, sky.
bovino, -a, relating to cattle.
boyero, m., ox-driver;
a South American bird.
bozal, m., muzzle;
head-stall for a horse.
bracero, m., day laborer.
bramido, m., roar of wild beasts;
bellowing.
brasileño, -a, Brazilian.
bravío, -a, ferocious, savage, wild, untamed.
bravo, -a, brave;
savage, wild;
also applied to beasts;
indio ——, savage Indian.
brazo, m., arm;
bracket.
breva, f., name applied to the first yearly crop of fruit from a fig-tree.
brida, f., bridle, reins.
brinco, m., leap, jump.
brindar, to drink one’s health, to toast.
brío, m., strength, force, vigor;
manliness, spirit, resolution, courage.
brizna, f., blade of grass.
brocal, m., curbstone of a well.
broma, f., joke.
bronceado, -a, brass-paved, brazen.
brotar, to gush, to flow or rush out;
to bud.
brusco, -a, rude, peevish, brusque.
bruto, -a, coarse, rough, crude;
en ——, in a crude state.
bufete, m., desk or writing-table;
lawyer’s office.
buhonero, m., peddler.
buitre, m., vulture.
bullicioso, -a, noisy, lively, restless, clamorous.
buque, m., vessel, ship;
—— mercante, merchant ship.
burgués, -esa, common, not refined.
burla, f., mockery, abuse, sneer.
burlón, m., mocking-bird.
busca, f., search.
butaca, f., armchair;
proscenium seat in a theater.

C
cabalgadura, f., the horse or mule one is riding.
cabalgar, to ride on horse-back.
caballeriza, f., stable.
caballero, m., knight, gentleman;
—— andante, knight-errant.
caballerosidad, f., the condition or quality of being a gentleman.
cabaña, f., shepherd’s hut;
(Sp. A.) stock-breeding establishment.
cabañero, m. (Sp. A.), stock-breeder.
cabecera, f., railroad terminal;
head waters, source of a river.
cabeza, f., head;
(Sp. A.) pommel of a saddle.
cabezada, f., head-stall of a bridle.
cabo, m., extreme, extremity, end;
—— de tabaco, stub of a cigar or cigarette;
al ——, at last.
cabotaje, m., coasting trade.
cabrería, f., place where goat’s milk is sold.
cacao, m., the tree, also the fruit from which the cocoa-bean is obtained.
cacerola, f., stewpan, saucepan.
cacharro, m., coarse earthen pot.
cachupín, also gachupín, m., formerly, a Spaniard who settled in Spanish America.
cada, each, every;
—— uno (-a), each, each one;
—— día, each or every day;
—— vez que, every time that.
cafetal, m., plantation of coffee-trees.
cafeto, m., coffee-tree.
caimito, m., a fruit-tree of tropical America.
caja, f., box, cashier’s desk;
—— de ahorros, savings bank;
—— registradora, cash register.
cal, f., slaked lime;
a la ——, white-washed, kalsomined.
calabaza, f., pumpkin, squash.
calabozo, m., dungeon, cell.
calado, m., draught, the depth of water a vessel draws;
poco ——, shallow draught.
calandria, f., a species of lark found in S. A. and elsewhere.
calaverada, f., foolish or unwise action.
calcar, to trace.
cálido, -a, hot;
piquant.
calinda, f. (Sp. A.), a kind of dance.
calzada, f., road, causeway, paved highway.
calzarse, refl., to put on one’s boots or shoes;
to shoe.
calzonera, f. (Sp. A.), trousers which open at both outer leg-seams, these openings being closed by numerous buttons and buttonholes.
callampa, f. (Sp. A.), mushroom;
derby hat.
callejero, -a, relating to the street.
camarero, m., waiter, steward.
camarote, m., cabin, stateroom, berth.
caminar, to walk;
to march, to proceed.
camino, m., road.
camote, m. (Sp. A.), an unusually large sweet potato found in S. A.
campánula, f., bell-flower.
campaña, f., campaign;
(Sp. A.), the country, as opposed to the city.
campeón, m., champion.
campero, -a (Sp. A.), rural.
campiña, f., field, country, land.
campo, m., country, field.
cana, f., gray hair.
canaca, f. (Sp. A.), relating to the yellow race.
canapé, m., couch, settee, lounge.
cancha, f. (Sp. A.), field for sports, patio, corral;
open space.
candado, m., padlock.
canelo, m., cinnamon tree.
canelón, m., South American tree.
cangrina, f., carbuncle.
cano, -a, gray-haired.
canónico, canonical.
cantar, m., song set to music;
to sing.
cántaro, m., large, narrow-mouthed pitcher.
cantero, m. (Sp. A.), a plot of cultivated ground.
canto, m., song;
poetry, verse;
edge, border, side.
cantor, m., poet, singer.
caña, f., sugar-cane;
a hollow-stemmed reed;
(Sp. A.) rum.
cañada, f. (Sp. A.), rivulet, brook, canyon, gully.
cañagua, f., South American plant.
cañaveral, also cañal (Mex.), m.,
sugarcane plantation.
cañería, f., drain-pipes, water-pipes, piping.
caoba, f., mahogany-tree.
capa, f., cloak, mantle;
layer or stratum;
wrapper-leaf (tobacco).
capataz, m., overseer, superintendent, warden, foreman.
capaz, capable.
capear, to challenge a bull with cloak or flag.
capellán, m., chaplain;
clergyman on a large plantation who has charge of the religious welfare of the family and laborers.
capital, m., money invested or drawing interest;
adj., principal, leading, capital, essential.
capote, m., cloak;
—— para lluvia, raincoat.
caracol, m., snail;
escalera de ——, winding stairs.
característica, f., actress who takes character parts in plays and comedies.
caramba, int., hah! strange!
caramelo, m. (Sp. A.), caramel, candy.

carancho, m., small South American bird of prey.
carbón, m., coal, charcoal.
cardenal, m., cardinal;
a South American bird with brilliant red plumage.
careo, m., the act of confronting the accuser and accused.
cargamento, m., load.
cargar, to load, to charge, to attack.
cariacontecido, sad, mournful.
carne, f., flesh, pulp of fruit.
carnoso, -a, fleshy, pulpy.
caro, -a, expensive;
dear, beloved.
carrera, f., race;
—— con obstáculos, hurdle race.
carretera, f., roadway.
carrillo, m., cheek, the fleshy part of the face.
carta, f., letter;
—— de recomendación, a letter recommending the bearer;
—— de presentación, letter of introduction;
—— de crédito, letter of credit;
chart;
—— de naturaleza, naturalization papers.
cartel, m., (theater) bill, announcement.
cartón, m., cardboard, pasteboard.
cartucho, m. (Sp. A.), paper cone in which grocers wrap purchases.
cartulina, f., bristol board, cardboard.
casa, f., house;
firm;
—— de compra y venta, buyers and venders;
—— de empeño, pawnshop;
—— de remate, auctioneer’s.
casaisaco, m. (Sp. A.), a parasitic plant.
casamiento, m., marriage.
cáscara, f., shell.
caserío, m., village or small town.
casero, -a, domestic.
casi, almost;
—— nunca, very seldom.
castillo, m., castle;
—— de pólvora, fireworks.
castizo, -a, pure (referring to literary style).
casualidad, f., hazard, contingency, chance, accident.
cátedra, f., seat or chair of a professor, head professorship in the Faculty of a university school.
categoría, f., degree, rank.
catimbao, m. (Sp. A.), name applied to a person wearing a mask in a Corpus Christi procession.
cauce, m., bed of a river.
cauchal, m., part of a forest where rubber-trees are abundant.
cauchera, f., see cauchal.
caucho, m., rubber in a raw state.
caudal, m., amount;
(Sp. A.) the amount of water carried by a river.
cauteloso, -a, cautious.
cavado, -a, excavated.
cavar, to dig.
caza, f., hunting.
cazador, m., hunter.
cazuela, f., earthen pot, also the meat cooked in it;
in Sp. A. theaters, the gallery reserved for women (in Cuba, the uppermost gallery).
cebado, -a, fattened.
cebar, to feed animals, to fatten;
—— mate (Sp. A.), to brew and serve “mate.”
cebo, m., bait.
cebón, m., fat bullock or hog.
cedazo, m., sieve;
(Sp. A.) kind of dance.
ceder, to grant, to cede, to yield.
cédula, f., bond, security;
license, such as is granted to properly qualified chauffeurs and aviators.
ceiba, f., cottonwood tree.
ceja, f., eyebrow;
summit of a mountain.
celebrar, to celebrate, to praise, to commend.
celeste, sky-blue.
celosía, f., lattice of a window or door;
Venetian blind.
cemento, m., cement, concrete;
—— armado, reinforced concrete.
cenefa, f., trimming, band on the edge of a stuff.
ceniciento, -a, ash-colored.
ceniza, f., ashes, cinders.
cenizoso, -a, see ceniciento.
centelleante, sparkling, flashing.
centenar, m., a hundred.
centinela, m., sentry.
cercanía, f., proximity, neighborhood, vicinity.
cerda, f., coarse hair in a horse’s tail or mane;
bristle.
cerner, to soar.
cerrajero, m., locksmith.
cerramiento, m., the action of locking or closing.
cerril, rough, mountainous, wild;
untamed.
certificado, m., voucher;
—— de depósito, deposit voucher.
cibelina, f., marten.
cielito, m. (Sp. A.), a folk-dance.
cielo, m., sky, heaven;
—— raso, ceiling.
cierne, see cerner.
cima, f., top, summit.
cimarrón, m., formerly a runaway slave;
a runaway.
cimbrador, -a, flexible.
cincelado, -a, engraved, carved.
cincelar, to chisel.
cincha, f., cinch, girth.
cinchada, f. (Sp. A.), tug-of-war between opposing groups on horseback.
circundado, -a, surrounded.
circundar, to surround.
circunstantes, m. pl., bystanders, persons present.
circunvecino, -a, neighboring, adjacent, contiguous.
cirio, m., long, thick wax candle.
ciruela, f., plum.
cita, f., appointment, summons;
quotation.
claraboya, f., skylight;
transom.
clarificador, m., a machine in sugar mills which clarifies and purifies sugar.
claro, m., lacune, gap, skylight, void.
clase, m., class, rank;
(Mil.) petty officer.
clausura, f., closure, confinement, retirement.
clave, f., key.
clerical, relating to clergymen or religion.
cloaca, f., sewer.
coartar, to limit, to restrain.
cobrar, to collect, to acquire.
cobrizo, -a, coppery, copper-colored.
coca, f., the dried leaves of coca, coca.
cocer, to boil, to cook.
cocotero, m., cocoanut tree.
cocuyo, m., firefly.
coche, m., coach;
(Sp. A.) railroad or street car.
cochino, m., hog, pig.
codear, to elbow.
cohete, m., rocket, firecracker.
coliseo, m., theater, coliseum.
colmado, -a, filled, heaped.
colmar, to fill, to crown, to heap.
colocación, f., position, job, employment.
coloniaje, m., colonial period in Spanish American history.
colono, m., colonist, planter, agricultural worker.
colorido, m., coloring.
collado, m., foothill; fell, a small eminence.
comadreja, f. (Sp. A.), weasel.
comarca, f., district, territory, countryside.
comedia, f., comedy;
—— de enredo, a comedy, the merit of which consists principally in the complexity of the plot and the ingenuity shown in its development as contrasted with the comedia de costumbres, the object of which is to portray the life and customs of a country.
comedido, -a, civil, polite, obliging.
comedimiento, m., kindness, willingness to oblige.
comercio, m., commerce;
shop.
comité, m., committee.
cómoda, f., bureau, a chest of drawers.
compás, m., pair of compasses, callipers.
competir, to compete with, to vie, to contest, to rival.
componer, to compose or write;
to mend, to repair.
comportar, to carry, to bring together;
refl., to behave or conduct one’s self.
compostura, f., mending, repairing;
composure.
comprometer, to expose, to endanger.
compuerta, f., lock or sluice-gate.
con, with, toward;
para ——, toward;
—— tal que, provided that;
—— que, so then;
—— todo or todo eso, nevertheless, notwithstanding.
conciliábulo, m., secret meeting or confab.
concurrencia, f., competition (in business);
attendance;
audience.
concurrente, m., attendant;
competitor.
concurrir, to concur, to contribute, to coincide.
conferencia, f., lecture.
confiar, to trust in, to depend upon, to hope.
confinado, -a, confined, imprisoned;
aire ——, foul air.
confinar, to confine or shut in.
confite, m., candy, pl. goodies.
confitería, f., candy-store.
confuso, -a, obscure, confused, confounded.
congelación, f., freezing.
congelado, -a, frozen;
carne ——, frozen meat.
congelar, to freeze, to congeal.
congénere, of like kind.
congojoso, -a, afflicting, causing grief.
conmover, to affect, to disturb, to move.
conocimiento, m., bill of lading.
consagrar, to consecrate, to hallow, to devote.
conseja, f., tradition, legend, fable.
consejo, m., counsel, advice; council.
conserva, f., preserve, jam;
pescado en ——, pickled fish.
conservar, to keep, to preserve, to pickle.
consignatario, m., consignee.
consola, f., consol, side-table, shelf.
constar, to vouch for, to be sure of.
contado, -a, scarce, rare;
de ——, instantly;
al ——, for cash;
por de ——, of course.
contador, m., auditor, accountant.
contaduría, f., accounting department, auditor’s office.
contaminado, corrupted, polluted.
contaminar, to corrupt, to pollute.
contar, to count;
to depend upon;
to refer, to tell.
contemplación, f., complaisance;
meditation.
contener, to contain, to refrain, to repress.
contiguo, -a, close by, adjacent.
continuo, -a, constant;
de ——, continually.
contorno, m., neighborhood.
contrabando, m., smuggling.
contrahacer, to imitate, to mimic, to counterfeit.
contramaestre, m., boatswain.
contraponer, to compare, to contrast, to oppose.
contrapuesto, -a, compared, contrasted, opposed.
contratiempo, m., disappointment, setback.
contravención, f., violation of the law.
controversión, f., conversion, equivalence.
conuco, m. (Sp. A.), a very small piece of land, formerly given to slaves by their masters to cultivate for themselves.
convenio, m., pact, agreement.
convenir, to agree, to be of the same opinion;
to fit, to suit, to be convenient.
conversador, m., he who is conversing. Commonly used as an adjective, meaning one who talks too much.
conversión, f., to change the currency from one kind of legal tender to another;
caja de ——, conversion fund.
convoy, m., cruet stand.
copa, f., cup;
—— de árbol, foliage of a tree;
pl. the bosses of a bridle.
copete, m., crest, tuft, aigret.
copihue, m., a very rare vine found only in Chile.
copioso, -a, abundant.
copo, m., flake.
coral, m., choral.
corcel, m. (Poet.), a horse.
corcovo, m., the action of a horse in bucking.
corcho, m., cork.
cordón, m., cord, string.
corillo, -a, diminutive of coro.
coro, m., choir.
corona, f., wreath;
part of a sugar-mill.
coronar, to reach the goal, to crown an effort with success.
corral, m., corral, barn or poultry-yard.
corralón, m. (Sp. A.), a large corral;
timber-yard.
correa, f., leather strap.
corredor, m., corridor, gallery;
—— de bolsa, stockbroker.
correr, to run;
—— con, to take charge of.
corretaje, m., brokerage.
corrida, f., race, course;
—— de la sortija, ring race;
—— de toros, bullfight.
corriente, common, ordinary.
corrillo, m., a circle, a set (of persons).
cortapisa, f., obstacle, hindrance, stumbling-block.
corte, f. (Sp. A.), the capital city.
corteza, f., bark of a tree.
cortinado, m., portière, screen, curtain.
cosecha, f., harvest.
cosechar, to reap.
costal, m., sack or large bag.
costanero, -a, coastwise.
costarricense or costarriqueño, -a, a Costa Rican;
relating to Costa Rica.
costear, to defray the cost;
to skirt the coast.
costurera, f., seamstress.
cotidiano, m., daily.
cotizar, to quote prices.
coulisse (French), side scene, wing.
covacha, f. (Sp. A.), place for the baggage in stage coaches, called the boot.
coz, f., kick.
crecida, f., freshet.
crepuscular, m., a Mexican bird.
cría, f., breeding;
brood.
criador, m., breeder.
criandera, f. (Sp. A.), wet-nurse.
criollaje, m., criollos referred to collectively.
criollo, -a, the Spanish American born with the exception of the full-blooded Indian;
adj., indigenous, national, American in spirit.
cristianar, to baptize.
crudo, -a, raw, crude, savage.
crujido, m., crack, noise made by an arrow, creak.
cruzar, to cross the strain in breeding.
cuadra, f., stable;
(Sp. A.) a city block.
cuadrilla, f., pack of dogs;
gang of laborers;
shift of men.
cuadro, m., frame, picture, description, episode;
square body of troops;
division of the acts in a play or drama;
—— de flores, flower bed;
—— de cafetos, a plantation of 10,000 coffee plants.
cual, which;
el (la) cual, who, which, whom;
tal ——, a few, so so;
—— más, —— menos, much alike;
cada ——, each one.
cuando, when, in case that, though, although, even;
de —— en ——, from time to time;
—— más or —— mucho, at most;
—— menos, at least.
cuanto, -a, how much, as much, all the, all that;
todo ——, all that;
—— antes, as soon as possible;
-os, -as, pl., how many, as many, all the;
en —— a, as to;
—— más, besides;
por ——, inasmuch.
cuarta, f., palm (an old linear measure).
cuartel, m., quarter;
ward of a city.
cubanismo, m., words or idioms peculiar to Cuba.
cubierto, -a, covered, protected;
a —— de, safe from.
cubrir, to cover, to protect, to shelter.
cuenta, f., computation, account, bill;
bead;
darse ——, to realize.
cuentas, f. pl., accounts;
en buenas ——, in fact, in short.
cuento, m., see chisme.
cuerno, m., horn.
cuesta, f., the slope of a mountain;
a cuestas, on one’s shoulders or back.
culminante, highest, overtopping, culminating.
cultor, m., one who professes a cult, an admirer or adherent of an idea or art.
cumbre, f., top, topmost.
cumpleaños, m. pl., birthday.
cumplido, -a, civil, talented, estimable, faultlessly polished.
cupón, m., coupon, an interest-bearing stub attached to a bond.
cura, m., priest.
curato, m., parish.
curioso, -a, inquisitive.
curso, m., course, direction, career.
curtido, -a, tanned;
hardened.
curtir, to tan leather;
to harden, to inure to hardship.

CH
chacra, f. (Sp. A.), small farm, market garden.
cháchara, f., trinket.
chaflán, m., bevel;
obtuse angle;
chamfer;
a dealer in horses;
a young laborer.
chala, f. (Sp. A.), corn husk.
chalet, m. (French), country-house.
chalilones, m. pl. (Sp. A.), carnival celebrations.
chambergo, m. (Sp. A.), soft hat.
chambón, m. (Sp. A.), a blunderer;
an unskilled person.
champus, m. (Sp. A.), a pudding made with corn flour, sugar and orange juice.
chancaca, f. (Sp. A.), raw sugar;
a sweet dish with corn or wheat.
chancho, m. (Sp. A.), pig.
chapear (Sp. A.), to clear ground of undergrowth with the machete.
chapetón, -a, formerly a Spaniard lately arrived in America.
chapetonada, f., a disease incident
to newly arrived Europeans in Spanish America before they become acclimated;
hence, new, unskilled, unversed.
charabón, m., ostrich chicken.
charanga, f. (Sp. A.), a band;
a dance.
charca, f., or charco, m., pool of water.
charlar, to chat, to converse.
charol, m., patent leather.
charqui, m., jerked beef.
Charrúa, m. (Sp. A.), name of an Indian tribe;
a bird.
chascarrillo, m., spicy anecdote.
chasquear, to crack with a whip or lash.
chata, f., a flat-bottomed boat;
pug-nosed.
chaucha, f. (Sp. A.), string bean. See ejote.
Cheviot, m., name given to a variety of sheep.
chicle, m., the crude product from which chewing gum is made.
chicozapote, m., tree from which chicle is made.
chicha, f. (Sp. A.), a little fermented wine;
a beverage made from fermented corn.
chiflar, to whistle.
chiguil, m. (Sp. A.), a kind of tamal.
chilatole, m. (Sp. A.), a dish of corn, red pepper and pork.
chile, m. (Sp. A.), American red pepper.
chilenismo, m., word or idiom peculiar to Chile.
chimango, m. (Sp. A.), a small bird of prey.
chimenea, f., fireplace, hearth.
chinchilla, f., a small quadruped of South America well known for its fur.
chinerío, m., a term applied to a group of Chinese including both sexes.
chinguirito, m. (Sp. A.), rum made from sugar-cane.
chino, -a (Sp. A.), applied to the off- spring
from the union of a mulatto or negro and an Indian;
zambo.
chipa, m. (Sp. A.), a kind of bread made of corn-flour.
chipio, m., South American tree.
chirimoya, f., a delicious fruit of tropical America;
custard-apple.
chiripa, m. (Sp. A.), a kind of trousers.
chisme, m., trifle, a maliciously false statement.
chismear, to tattle, to carry tales, to retail scandal.
chismoso, -a, tattler, tale-bearer.
chispa, f., spark.
chiste, m., joke, a funny or witty saying.
chocarrero, -a, rough, coarse, gross.
choclo, m. (Sp. A.), green ear of corn.
chorro, m., a jet, a gush.
choza, f., hut.
chucho, m., a musical instrument made of a hollow cylinder of guadua covered with parchment at both ends, and containing grains of corn.
chupar, to suck.
chupe, m. (Sp. A.), a dish made of boiled potatoes and green corn.

D
dable, possible, feasible, practicable.
dactilógrafo, -a, typist.
dado, -a, given.
dama, f., lady, dame;
primera ——, leading lady in a play.
damasco, m., apricot.
danzón, m. (Sp. A.), a Cuban dance derived from the contradanza.
daño, m., mischief, hurt, damage.
dar, to give, to hit, to impart;
—— en cara, to reproach;
—— con, to meet with, to find out;
—— fiado, or fianza, to give credit or security;
refl., to yield, to give in, to give one’s self up.
decaer, to fail, to retrogress.
decidor, -a, one who speaks with fluency and elegance.
decir, m., discourse, style;
vb., to say, to tell.
decomisar, to confiscate, to seize, to cause to forfeit.
decoración, f. (and pl.), scenery and curtain of a theater.
decreto, m., decree, decision.
decuplar, to increase ten-fold.
defecación, f., to free a liquid from lees or sediment.
dehesa, f., pasture ground.
dejar, to leave;
—— de lado, to leave aside;
déjeme pensar, let me think.
dejo, m., a lingering taste after eating or drinking.
delantero, -a, foremost.
delicia, f., delight, satisfaction.
demanda, f., complaint, claim.
demoledora, f., a crushing machine used in making wine.
demora, f., delay.
dependiente, m. (Sp. A.), clerk;
—— principal, chief clerk.
deponer, to lay by, to put aside, to depose.
deporte, m., sport.
depositar, to deposit, to lay down.
depósito, m., depository, repository.
deprimir, to depress, to humble, to reduce.
depuesto, -a, p. p. of deponer.
derechito (Colloq.), straight ahead.
derecho, m., law, tax, duty, import, toll, due, fee;
—— de gentes, fundamental rights of a people;
libre de ——, duty free.
derretir, to liquefy, to melt;
refl., to become sentimental or tender.
derribar, to demolish, to throw down.
derrochar, to scatter, to waste.
derroche, m., waste, destruction, dissipation.
desagrado, m., displeasure.
desagüe, m., outlet, drain, channel.
desahogo, m., relief, ease, alleviation, domestic convenience.
desalojar, to dislodge, to oust.
desarbolado, -a, unmasted;
(Agr.), without trees.
desarbolar, to dismast.
desatar, to loosen; to lose all control or restraint.
descarga, f., volley.
descendencia, f., descent, extraction;
offspring, family.
descollar, to overtop, to excel.
descomedido, -a, rude, impudent, insolent.
descompasadamente, out of measure or proportion.
descomunal, monstrous, enormous, colossal.
desconocido, -a, unknown;
ungrateful.
descontar, to discount;
to allow for.
descuajar, to weed.
descubierto, m., unpaid balance;
al ——, in blank.
descuento, m., discount.
descuidar, to neglect, to overlook.
desde, from, since;
—— ... hasta, from ... to;
—— que, since;
—— luego, therefore, to begin with;
—— entonces, ever since.
desdicha, f., misfortune, calamity, unhappiness.
desecado, -a, dried up, desiccated.
desembarazar, to free, to disengage, to remove an encumbrance, to unburden.
desembocar, to empty, to flow into (as a river).
desempeñar, to acquit, to discharge an obligation, to fulfill.
desempeño, m., performance, fulfillment.
desencajado, -a, out of joint, out of gear;
changed countenance.
desencajar, to disfigure, to change in expression.
desenfado, m., freedom, ease, calmness.
desenterarse de, refl., to pass by a thing.
desenterrar, to dig up, to unearth, to bring to light.
desenvoltura, f., sprightliness, cheerfulness, a graceful and easy manner or delivery.
desfilar, to defile, to march in files.
desfondar, to injure the bottom of a vessel by grounding.
desfruncir, to loosen the strings of a bag.
desgajar, to lop off the branches of trees.
desgano, m., disgust, aversion, reluctance.
desgreñado, -a, disheveled, disturbed.
desgreñar, to dishevel, to disturb.
designación, f., name.
desleir, to dissolve.
deslizar, to glide, to slip by.
deslumbrado, -a, dazzled, confused.
deslumbrante, dazzling.
deslumbrar, to dazzle;
to confuse the sight or mind.
deslustrar, to tarnish or sully.
desmesuradamente, immeasurably.
desmochar, to lop or cut off.
desmontado, -a, unmounted, dismounted.
desmontar, to take anything to pieces, hence, to put a thing out of joint.
desollar, to skin.
despachar, to pack, to send, to ship goods or merchandise.
despacho, m., cabinet, office;
shop or place where things are sold by retail.
desparramar, to scatter, to spread over.
despectivo, -a, contemptuous.
despegar, to undo, to take apart.
despejar, to clear;
to remove obstacles.
despensa, f., pantry.
desperdicio, m., waste.
desplazamiento, m., displacement of a vessel.
desplegar, to unfold, to display, to open.
desplomarse, refl., to fall to the ground.
despoblado, m., uninhabited, in contrast to cities and towns.
despojado, -a, despoiled, deprived.
despojar, to despoil, to strip of property.
despreciar, to despise, to lay aside, to belittle.
desprenderse, refl., to free one’s self from;
to branch out.
desproveer, to deprive of.
desprovisto, -a, unprovided, unprepared.
después, afterward;
—— de, after;
—— que, after which.
destacar, to detach, to stand out in relief.
destemplado, -a, out of tune.
desterrado, -a, exiled, sent away.
desterrar, to exile, to send away.
destrozar, to destroy, to break into pieces.
desvelarse, refl., to be zealous, careful.
desventurado, -a, unhappy, unfortunate.
deudo, m., relative.
devotísimo, -a, from devoto, said of a saint inspiring devotion.
día, m., day;
en el ——, see hoy;
—— de moda, “society night” or performance.
dictado, m., title of honor;
dictation.
díctamo, m., dittany (a plant).
dicterio, m., keen reproach, insult.
dicho, m., saying, expression, sentence.
diestro, -a, right (as opposed to left).
diezmado, -a, decimated.
diezmar, to decimate.
difundir, to divulge, to publish, to spread.
digno, -a, dignified.
dilatado, -a, large, spacious, extensive, vast.
dilecto, -a, loved, beloved.
diligencia, f., stagecoach;
affair, business, obligation.
diluvio, m., deluge.
dique, m., dike, dam, dock;
—— de carena, dry-dock.
discurrir, to wander about.
discutido, -a, argued, debated.
discutir, to discuss.
disecado, -a, stuffed, dissected.
disecar, to dissect;
to stuff dead animals.
disfrutar, to enjoy.
disimular, to conceal one’s real intentions,
to hide, to color, to misrepresent.
dislocamiento, m., the act of taking things apart.
disolver, to dissolve, to dismember.
disparar, to shoot;
(Sp. A.) to run away.
disputar, to contend, to contest.
diván, m., low cushioned sofa.
dolencia, f., disease, affliction, pain.
domiciliarse, refl., to establish one’s self in a residence.
domicilio, m., residence;
a ——, to the house.
dominar, to control.
dominico, m., friar of the order of St. Dominic;
a South American bird.
doncel, m.. (Poet.), young man.
doncella, f., maid, virgin.
donde, where, in which;
en ——, where, in which;
a ——, to where;
¿por ——? by what way? by what reason? by which reason?
dorado, m., a fish.
dormilón, -a, one who sleeps much;
a South American bird.
dosel, m., canopy.
dotado, -a, dowered, portioned;
—— de, endowed with.
dotar, to endow, to give.
draga, f., dredge, dredger.
dragar, to dredge, to deepen a channel.
drama de tesis, a “problem play.”
duelo, m., sorrow;
duel.
durazno, m., peach.

E
ebanista, m., cabinetmaker.
ébano, m., ebony.
edible, eatable, edible.
edilicio, -a, pertaining to a municipal officer.
educando, m., student.
efluvio, m., exhalation.
efusión, f., effusion, efflux.
egida, f., shield.
egresar (Sp. A.), to leave school after graduation.
eje, m., axis.
ejercer, to perform.
ejercitarse, refl., to practice.
ejote, m. (Sp. A.), string bean.
elaborar, to manufacture, to work out.
elenco, m., the actors and actresses who make up a theatrical company;
list, catalogue, index.
elote, m. (Sp. A.), tender ear of corn.
embalar, to pack, to bale.
embarazado, -a, entangled, embarrassed.
embarazar, to embarrass, to perplex.
embarcación, f., any vessel or ship.
embarque, m., loading a ship, shipment.
embate, m., the dashing of the sea.
embestir, to assail, to attack, to offend.
embocadura, f., mouthpiece (of an instrument);
mouth of a river.
embolsar, to pack in bags or sacks.

embozarse, refl., to muffle one’s self up.
embudo, m., funnel.
embutir, to inlay, to chase, to mix confusedly.
emitir, to issue.
empalme, m., railway junction;
splicing;
connection.
empanizado, m. (Sp. A.), applied to brown sugar in irregular broken pieces.
empapado, -a, soaked.
empapar, to soak.
empaquetar, to pack.
emparrado, m., arbor or bower.
empecatado, -a, wily, evil minded.
empedrado, m., pavement.
empellón, m., push, heavy blow.
empeño, m., earnest desire or purpose;
a favor asked of another.
empeorar, to impair, to grow worse.
empinado, -a, steep.
empleado, m., employee.
empleo, m., occupation, business, employment.
emporio, m., emporium, center.
emprendedor, m., an enterprising person.
empréstito, m., loan.
enaltecer, to extol, to exalt.
enaltecido, -a, aggrandized, praised, exalted.
encaje, m., Gallicism, used in certain parts of South America meaning gold reserve which guarantees the paper currency in circulation.
encaminado, -a, guided, directed, forwarded.
encaminar, to guide, to put on the right road.
encasquetar, to put on one’s hat.
enceguecer, to blind.
encender, to kindle;
to light;
to heat.
encendido, -a, inflamed, glowing, redhot.
encerrarse, refl., to closet one’s self.
encierro, m., enclosure, confinement.
encomendar, to commend, to order (work).
encomiar, to extol, to praise.
encordar, to string a musical instrument.
encurtidos, m. pl., pickles.
enchilada, f. (Sp. A..), a kind of griddle cake made of grated corn, served with highly seasoned chopped meat and peppers.
endeble, feeble, weak, flimsy.
enderezar, to erect;
to rectify.
endoso, m., indorsement.
energúmeno, -a, possessed of a devil.
enganchar, to hook, to attach, to harness the horses to the carriage.
engañarse, refl., to be deceived.
engaño, m., deceit, fraud, falsehood.
engendrar, to produce, to bear fruit.
englobar, to reunite, to consider several things in one.
enhestar, to erect, to place upright.
enhiesto, -a, upright.
enhorabuena, f., congratulation, felicitation.
enjalma, f., kind of packsaddle.
enjaular, to cage.
enjugar, to wipe off moisture.
enlazado, -a, joined, connected.
enlazar, to join, to connect.
enredado, -a, entangled, perplexed;
abashed.
enredar, to entangle, to confound, to perplex, to abash, to annoy.
enrejado, m., trellis, lattice, grating, grill-work.
enriquecerse, refl., to grow rich.
enrizarse, refl., to bristle, to curl.
enroscado, -a, coiled, twisted.
enroscarse, refl., to coil itself.
ensanchar, to widen, to extend, to enlarge.
ensayar, to try, to rehearse.
enseres, m. pl., chattels, fixtures.
ensopado, -a, soaked, wet.
ensopar, to soak.
ensueño, m., sleep, fantasy.
entablar, to cover with boards;
to initiate, to begin.
entable, m., sown field.
entapizar, to adorn with tapestry, to cover.
entenderse, refl., to understand (each other).
entereza, f., integrity, rectitude, fortitude, firmness.
enterrar, to bury.
entiempado, -a, p. p. of entiempar;
(Sp. A.) to be in heat.
entortar, to bend, to make crooked.
entrada, f., income, receipts.
entrambos, -bas, pr. pl., both.
entrañas, f. pl., entrails, bowels.
entreacto, m., between the acts;
interlude.
entrefuerte, middling strong.
entregar, to deliver, to give.
entretejer, to interweave, to knit.
entuerto, m., offence, harm, grievance, mischief.
envase, m., packing;
el ——, the container (as wrapper, box, case, etc.).
envejecer, to grow old.
enyugar, to yoke cattle.
época, f.;
hacer ——, epoch-making, to make or break the record.
epopeya, f., a series of heroic deeds;
an epic.
equino, -a, equine.
equipo, m., equipment, accoutrements, trappings;
athletic team.
equivocarse, refl., to be mistaken.
era, f., wheat field.
erguido, -a, raised up straight.
erguir, to erect, to raise.
erizar, to stand on end.
errar, to miss a blow or a shot.
escabel, m., footstool.
escala, f., ladder;
scale;
(sing. and pl.) route or itinerary of a river, coastwise or ocean going steamship.
escalar, m., to climb.
escamas, f. pl., fish-scales.
escaparate, m., show window.
escarcha, f., hoar frost.
escarpado, -a, craggy, rugged, crabbed.
escasez, f., scantiness, want, lack.
escenario, m., stage.
esclusa, f., lock, sluice, floodgate, milldam.
escoger, to select, to choose, to pick out.
escogido, -a, chosen, picked out, selected.
escolar, m., scholar, student.
escombro, m. (Sp. A.), mackerel.
esconderse, refl., to hide one’s self.
escondidas, a ——, in a secret manner.
escondido, -a, hidden, concealed.
escondite, m., hide and seek;
hiding place.
escopeta, f., gun, firelock.
escribanía, f., office of a notary public.
escribano, m., notary.
escribiente, m., clerk.
escritorio, m., office;
writing-desk.
escuadra, f., fleet;
square, an instrument for measuring right angles.
escuela, f., school.
escurrirse, refl., to slip away, to slip out.
esmalte, m., enamel.
espaldera, f., trellis work for the support of climbing plants.
espantar, to frighten, to horrify.
espata, f. (Bot.), spathe.
especia, f., spice.
especiería, f., grocery store.
específico, m., patent medicine.
espeso, -a, dense, thick.
espiga, f., stalk (of wheat or corn).
espigar, to glean.
espina, f., thorn.
espuela, f., spur.
espuma, f., froth, foam.
esquife, m., skiff, small boat.
esquilmar, to impoverish, to reduce.
esquites, m. pl. (Sp. A.), popcorn.
estabulación, f., the keeping of farm animals in the stable.
estaca, f., stake, picket, post.
estación, f., season;
railway depot;
one of the stations in the Via Crucis (R. C. Ch.).
Estado, m., State, the commonwealth;
each of the States of a country.
estallar, to explode, to burst, to crack.
estancia, f. (Sp. A.), large farm.
estanciero, m., farmer, rancher.
estanco, m., a government monopoly;
place where goods under a monopoly are sold.
estandarte, m., banner, standard, flag.
estante, m., shelf;
—— giratorio, revolving bookcase.
estaño, m., tin.
estar, to be;
—— con, to be of the same opinion;
—— por, to be about to, to prefer;
a —— a lo que, according to.
estero, m., lake near the sea;
salt marsh;
(Sp. A.) swamp;
creek;
dry river;
pool.
estigma, m., stigma, brand, mark.
estirpe, m., race, origin, stock.
esto, en ——, at this moment.
estola, f., stole, a fur garment worn by women.
estrado, m., formerly a dais or raised platform in a drawing room.
estrecho, -a, narrow, close.
estregar, to rub one thing against another.
estrellado, -a, broken, shattered;
starry.
estrellar, to break by collision;
to be filled with stars. In the latter sense it is also used metaphorically.
estreno, m., “first night” performance.
estrépito, m., noise, clamor, bustle.
estribar, to build upon, to support.
estribo, m., stirrup;
step (in vehicles).
estridor, m., noise, crack, screech, stridor.
estro, m. (Poet.), ardor, inspiration.
estrujar, to press out, to squeeze.
estudio, m., study;
—— de abogado, lawyer’s office.
estufa, f., stove.
estupefacto, -a, motionless, petrified, astonished, bewildered.
etapa, f., stage;
station;
stop.
evitar, to avoid.
examen, m., examination, trial, inquiry, search;
—— de reválida, examination required of graduates from foreign colleges and universities before they are permitted to practice in their adopted country.
excusado, -a, exempted, superfluous, useless;
ser ——, to be out of the question.
exigir, to exact, to demand, to require, to urge.
existencia, f., stock in hand, goods.
éxito, m., success.
expediente, m., file of papers bearing on a case;
collection of all the papers belonging to a business matter.
exprimir, to squeeze.
exterior, m., the outside;
el ——, the outside world.
extranjero, -a, stranger, foreigner;
el ——, foreign countries.
extrañar, to wonder at;
(Sp. A.) to miss.
extraño, -a, strange, odd;
stranger;
foreign.

F
fábrica, f., factory.
fabricar, to manufacture.
facón, m. (Sp. A.), large pointed jackknife used by seamen.
factura, f., invoice.
facultad, f. (Sp. A.), each of the colleges of a university.
faena, f., work, labor;
(Sp. A.) a season’s work at the agricultural establishments, rural factories, etc.
faja, f., band, belt, border.
falda, f., skirt, lap;
brow of a hill, slope.
faldellín, m., baby’s skirt or petticoat.
faldón, m., long flowing skirt, flap.
faltar, to need, to lack;
¡no faltaría más!, it needed only that!
fallar, to pass sentence, to judge, to render judgment.
falleba, f., iron bar for fastening doors and windows.
famélico, -a, hungry, ravenous.
familiar, domestic, familiar, tame.
fango, m., mire, mud, slime.
fantasioso, -a (Sp. A.), proud, boastful.
fardo, m., bale of goods.
farol, m., lantern, street lamp.
fastidio, m., weariness, lassitude, ennui.
fatalmente, ominously; fatally, helplessly.
feraz, fertile, fruitful.
ferretería, f., hardware store.
fiambre, m., cold meat (as food).
fianza, f., caution, guaranty, security, bail.
ficha, f., library card.
fieltro, m., felt.
fiero, -a, fierce, ugly, rough, huge, awe-inspiring.
figura, f., figure, shape, statue, image, ill-shaped person.
figurar, to be conspicuous, to rank, to represent;
refl., to imagine, to fancy.
fila, f., line (of soldiers).
filón, m., vein, lode, mineral layer.
fin, m., end;
al ——, at last;
a —— de, in order that;
en —— or por ——, finally, lastly.
finca, f., real estate;
land or house property.
fingir, to feign, to pretend, to fancy, to imagine what does not really exist.
fino, -a, fine, perfect, high grade.
firmado, signed, subscribed.
firmar, to sign, to subscribe.
fisonomía, f., features, and by extension, figure, persons.
flaquear, to weaken, to lose vigor, to slacken.
flete, m., freight;
—— a destino, “through freight” (to destination).
flor, f., flower, blossom;
—— de calentura, wild plant of the Antilles.
florecimiento, m., blooming;
thriving;
prosperity.
florero, m., flower-pot.
florón, m., ornament resembling a large flower, rosette.
flota, f., fleet, squadron.
flotilla, f., a small fleet.
fogonero, m., fireman, stoker.
fogoso, -a, fiery, vehement, ardent, fervent;
lively.
foguista, m. (Sp. A.), see fogonero.
follón, m., rogue, villain;
mean, despicable fellow.
fomento, m., patronage, protection, support, encouragement;
improvement.
fondo, m., depth;
fund;
(Sp. A.) back yard.
foramen, m., hole in the nether millstone.
forjado, -a, forged, framed.
forjar, to frame, to make, to invent;
to work out in a foundry;
to counterfeit.
forraje, m., fodder.
fortaleza, f., fortitude, firmness;
fortress.
fraile, m., friar, monk.
franquear, to exempt, to grant immunity from;
to pay the postage.
frecuentado, -a, frequented, visited often.
frecuentar, to visit often, to frequent.
frenesí, m., frenzy, madness, distraction.
freno, m., bridle or bit of the bridle.
frente, f., forehead;
m., front.
fresco, m., cool temperature;
pintar al ——, to fresco.
frescura, f., coolness.
frigio, -a, Phrygian, pertaining to Phrygia.
frigorífico, m. (Sp. A.), packing house;
refrigerating plant.
fríjol, m. (Sp. A.), bean.
friso, m., frieze.
frondoso, -a, leafy, luxuriant.
fronterizo, -a, frontier;
on the border.
frontón, m., main wall of a hand-ball court.
fructuoso, -a, fruitful, useful, profitable, fecund.
fruta, f., fruit;
—— de conde, a South American fruit.
fruticultura, f., fruit-growing.
frutilla, f. (Sp. A.), strawberry.
frutos, m. pl., vegetable products in general.
fuente, f., source;
fountain, spring.
fuera, out, outside;
—— de, out of;
—— de eso, besides, moreover;
—— de esto, short of this;
—— de que, beside this.
fuereño, -a (Sp. A.), an outsider, a person from the provinces.
fuerza, f., power;
—— motriz, horse, steam or electric power.
función, f., performance;
—— de abono, subscription performance;
—— ordinaria, popular performance;
—— de moda, society performance;
—— por secciones or por tandas, continuous performance.
fundición, f., foundry.
fundo, m.,., rural property;
(Sp. A.) large estate.
fusión, f., fusion, amalgamation, union.
fuste, m., saddle-tree, wooden framework of a saddle.

G
gabazo, m. (also bagazo), sugar cane from which the juice has been extracted, refuse from a sugar mill.
gachas, f. pl., any sort of soft pap or porridge.
galán, m., gentleman;
—— joven, actor who takes the part of a lover.
galante, courtly, particularly toward ladies.
gallardía, f., graceful air and deportment;
manly grace.
galleta, f., biscuit, hardtack.
galletita, f. (Sp. A.), small biscuit or cracker.
gallina, f., hen;
—— ciega, f., blindman’s buff.
gana, f., appetite;
inclination;
de buena ——, with pleasure, willingly.
ganadería, f., cattle-raising, breeding of cattle and sheep.
ganadero, -a, stock-raiser, stock-breeder.
ganado, m., live-stock, cattle;
herd.
ganar (Sp. A.), to reach, to arrive;
to win, to earn;
refl. (S. A.), to take refuge.
ganga, f., bargain;
anything valuable acquired with little labor.
garbo, m., grace, elegance of manner and deportment.
garboso, -a, graceful, elegant;
generous.
garduña, f., marten.
garibaldina, f., a red shirt worn by Garibaldi’s volunteers from South America.
garra, f., claw, talon.
garrotazo, m., blow with a cudgel or blackjack.
garza, f., heron.
gasa, f., gauze.
gato, -a, cat;
—— montés, wildcat.
gauche (French), awkward, unskillful.
gaucho, m., the half-breed native of Argentina or Uruguay, who in character is akin to our Western cowboy.
gaveta, f., drawer (Carp.).
gavilla, f., sheaf of wheat, corn, etc.
género, m., manner, kind;
—— chico, playlet, short comedy.
genio, m., genius, spirit.
gente, f. (Sp. A.), the personnel of a farm;
people.
gerente, m., manager.
gesto, m., attitude, gesture;
a commendable act.
ginebra, f., gin.
gira, f., or jira, outing, trip.
glaciar, m., Gallicism for helero, ventisquero;
glacier.
glorieta, f., summer-house, bower, arbor.
goleta, f., schooner.
golosina, f., dainty, tid-bit.
goma, f., rubber.
gorgorito, m., effervescent bubble.
grabado, m., engraving, etching.
grada, f., seat in an amphitheater.
grama, f., grass.
granizo, m., hail.
granja, f., farm, country house;
grange (in the old-fashioned sense).
granjear, to gain the favor or goodwill of another;
to get, to obtain.
grato, -a, pleasant, agreeable.
gravamen, m., charge, obligation, burden.
gravoso, -a, grievous, offensive, onerous, burdensome.
graznido, m., croaking noise.
gresca, f., quarrel, wrangle.
gringo, m., nickname applied to foreigners, especially English and Americans.
gritado, -a, shouted, shrieked.
gritar, to shout, to cry out, to shriek.
grosezuelo, -a, affectionate diminutive of grueso.
grueso, -a, fat, stout.
grumete, m., cabin-boy.
gruñido, m., growl.
gruñir, to growl, to grumble, to grunt;
to creak.
guacamaya, f., macaw.
guáimaro, m., small shot.
guajiro, m. (Sp. A., esp. Cuba), field laborer, rustic.
guanábana, f., variety of chirimoya or custard-apple.
guanajo, m. (in Cuba), turkey.
guano, m. (Sp. A.), indigenous name applied to palm-trees in general.
guapetón, m., one who boasts of his daring;
brave, daring.
guapo, -a (Sp. A.), brave, daring.
guaraní, m. (Sp. A.), Indian tribe.
guarapo, m., juice of the sugar cane.
guardaagujas, m., switchman.
guardabarreras, m., watchman in charge of a railway crossing.
guardatrén, m., railway conductor.
guarecerse, refl., to take refuge, to hide from danger.
guarnecer, to garnish.
guarrús, m. (Sp. A.), beverage made of corn or rice and sugar.
guayaba, f., fruit of the guava-tree.
guedeja, f., lock of hair.
guerrilla, f., guerrilla, irregular partisan warfare.
guinchar, to prick.
guinche, m., machine for raising heavy articles;
winch.
guinda, f., cherry.
guiñada, f., knowing wink.
guirindola, f., shirt-front or frill.
guisa, f., guise;
a —— de, in the form or manner of.

H
habilidoso, -a (Sp. A.), accomplished, clever.
habitador, -a, inhabitant, dweller.
habla, f., speech, idiom, language.
hablantín, -ina, a talkative person; chatterbox.
hacia, toward(s);
—— adelante, forward;
—— acá, hither, hitherward;
¿—— dónde? whither?
hacienda, f., landed estate;
estate, fortune, wealth;
public treasury, finances;
Ministerio de ——, Treasury Department;
(Sp. A.) cattle and sheep taken collectively.
hacha, f., torch.
hall, m. This word has become naturalized in Uruguay and Argentina where it means a large assembly room, or a vestibule or lobby.
hartura, f., satiety;
enough and to spare.
hayaca, f. (Sp. A.), sweet cake made of corn-flour, spices and sugar.
haz, m., bundle, sheaf.
hectárea, f., a measure of surface equivalent to about 2½ acres.
hectolitro, m., 100 litres. An hectoliter is a little less than 3 bushels.
helada, f., frost.
helado, -a, chilled, frozen.
helar, to chill, to freeze.
henchido, -a, increased, swollen.
henchir, to increase, to swell.
hender, to crack, to split.
henequén, m., maguey, American agave, hemp.
herencia, f., inheritance, heritage.
herir, to strike, to offend;
to wound.
hervir, to boil;
to be crowded with people.
hervoroso, -a, in a state of ebullition, fiery, ardent, impetuous.
herramienta, f., tool, instrument.
hico, m., cord or leather thong.
hielo, m., ice;
—— flotante, iceberg.
hienden, from hender.
hierro, m., iron;
—— en lingotes, pig iron;
—— forjado or batido, wrought iron;
—— colado, cast iron.
higo, m., fig.
higuera, f., fig-tree.
hijo, m., son;
—— del país, see criollo.
hilar, to spin.
hilera, f., row, line.
hipódromo, m., an enclosure devoted to horseracing;
race-track.
hipoteca, f., mortgage.
hiriendo, from herir.
hocico, m., snout or muzzle of a beast.
hogar, m., home;
the fireside, the hearth.
hojalatero, m., tinsmith.
holganza, f., diversion, recreation, amusement, ease.
holgorio, m., mirth, jollity, noisy merriment.
hollar, to tread upon.
hondonada, f., canyon, ravine, bottom of a steep place.
hora, f., hour, time;
a la ——, on time, in the nick of time;
en —— mala, fatal moment;
en —— buena, the propitious moment.
horcón, m., a forked stick or branch.
horizonte, m., cardinal points;
horizon.
hormiguero, m., ant-hill.
hornero, m., baker;
oven-bird.
hostigado, -a, harassed, galled, pursued;
bored.
hostigar, to lash, to scourge, to harass.
hoy, to-day;
—— día or —— en día or —— en el día, nowadays;
—— por ——, to-day at least.
huachinango, m. (Sp. A.), red snapper, a sea-fish abundant in West
Indian waters and the Gulf of Mexico.
huaso, m. (Sp. A.), Chilian peasant.
hueso, m., bone;
pit or stone (of a fruit).
hular, m. (Sp. A.), a forest or plantation of rubber trees.
hule, m. (Sp. A.), rubber, rubber tree.
¡hum! an exclamation of surprise or doubt.
humear, to emit smoke or steam.
humita, f. (Sp. A.), small cake or croquette of grated sweet corn and sugar.
hurtadillas, a ——, slyly, artfully, in a furtive manner.
husmear, to scent, to inspect curiously;
to pry.
huso, m., spindle.

I
ijar, m., flank (of an animal).
iluminado, -a, enlightened, inspired.
ilustración, f., illustration;
education.
impartir, to grant, to give, to impart.
impecable, impeccable, faultless.
impericia, f., lack of knowledge or experience.
imponderable, inexpressible, unutterable.
imponerse, refl., to prevail, to become dominant, to impose.
impreso, -a, printed, stamped;
movimiento ——, transmitted motion.
imprimir, to print, to stamp.
improviso, de ——, unexpectedly, suddenly.
impuesto, m., tax, impost, duty.
impuesto, -a, imposed, informed.
Inca, m., a race of Indians dominant in Perú in the 15th and 16th centuries.
incólume, unharmed, safe, sound.
incómodo, -a, uncomfortable.
inconfundible, unmistakable.
incorporar, to embody.
indagar, to investigate, to ascertain the facts.
indeciso, -a, irresolute, hesitating.
indiano, -a, native or resident of the Spanish West Indies.
indicio, m., mark, sign, token, indication.
indómito, -a, untamed, ungovernable, wild.
indumentaria, f., relating to wearing apparel in general.
ineludible, unavoidable, inevitable.
infamar, to defame, to besmirch.
ingenio, m., genius, mental power;
—— de azúcar, sugar-mill.
ingenioso, -a, endowed with genius;
clever, inventive.
ingénitamente, instinctively.
ingente, large, huge, numerous.
ingrato, -a, unpleasant, ungrateful;
ingrate.
ingresar, to enter.
inhabilitar, to render unfit, to disqualify.
iniciador, -a, initiator, founder, original.
innegable, undeniable, indisputable.
inofensivo, -a, inoffensive, harmless.
inolvidable, unforgetable.
insólito, -a, unusual, unaccustomed.
inspirar, to inspire, to arouse;
—— confianza, to inspire confidence.
inspiratriz, f., one who inspires.
insulso, -a, insipid, tasteless;
dull.
intachable, spotless, blameless.
inteligente, m., talented, skillful, intelligent, clever.
intemperie, f., rough weather;
a la ——, open air.
intentar, to try, to attempt, to endeavor.
intento, m., purpose;
de ——, on purpose.
intercambio, m., foreign commerce;
exchange.
intermedio, m., interval;
intervention, good offices of, through;
por —— de, through.
interponerse, refl., to go between, to interpose one’s self.
intimidad, f., intimacy;
familiarity or close connection.
íntimo, -a, intimate, familiar, near.
intrépido, -a, brave, intrepid, daring.
intruso, -a, intrusive;
pushing, intruder.
inundación, f., flood, inundation.
inusitado, -a, unusual.
invendible, unsalable.
inversa, inverse;
a la ——, on the contrary, conversely.
investir, to invest, to lay out money.
invierno, m., winter;
(Sp. A.) rainy season (really the summer).
inyectado, -a, bloodshot.

J
jaca, f., nag, pony.
jactancia, f., boastfulness;
ostentation.
jadear, to pant.
jarabe, m., sirup, sugar-cane juice after boiling;
—— tapatío, a popular Mexican dance.
jarano, m., a wide-brimmed hat.
jarrazo, m., blow given with a pitcher.
jarro, m., pitcher, jug.
jazmín, m., jasmine.
jebe, m. (Sp. A.), rubber.
jefe, m., chief;
—— de cuadrilla, foreman of a gang;
—— de estación, station master;
—— de oficina, manageror chief clerk.
jerga, f., jargon, vernacular.
jíbaro, m., palm hat worn by laborers in the Antilles.
jilguero, m., linnet.
jinete, -a, rider.
jipi, f., short for jipijapa;
see jipijapa.
jipijapa, f., a kind of Panama hat;
a weaving pattern.
jornal, m., work by the day, a day’s work.
jubre, f., grease in wool in its natural state;
lanolin.
Judío, -a, Jew; Jewess.
juego, m., set, game;

gambling.
juez, m., judge.
jugar, to play;
to gamble.
jugo, m., juice.
juguete, m., plaything;
—— cómico, a short comedy;
—— lírico, a short musical extravaganza.
junco, m., rush, reed.
juntura, f., joint;
juncture, junction.
jurídico, -a, judicial.
justicia, f., justice;
—— ordinaria, the lower court.

K
kilo, kilogramo, m., a metric unit of weight, equivalent to about 2-1⁄5 lbs.

L
labor, f., task, toil, tillage.
laborear, to work;
to ornament.
labranza, f., working, tillage, plowing.
labrar, to work out.
lacho, m., a bold, enterprising young man.
ladera, f., declivity, slope, hillside.
ladrido, m., barking.
lagarto, m., lizard.
laguna, f., lacuna;
pond, lagoon.
laico, -a, pertaining to the laity.
lámina, f., sheet (of metal).
lance, m., chance, casualty, occurrence;
quarrel.
lancha, f., launch.
lancheta, f., small launch.
lanchón, m., lighter, barge, scow.
langosta, f., locust.
langostín, m., lobster.
lanzada, f., blow with a lance.
lanzadera, f., shuttle.
largo, long;
¡va ——! there is plenty of time.
látex, m., sap from the rubber-tree.
latón, m., brass.
laúd, m., lute.
lazo, m., lasso;
loop;
tie.
leche, f., milk;
—— de coco, cocoanut milk.
legua, f., league.
lento, -a, slow, lingering.
leña, f., firewood.
leñero, m., dealer in wood;
a South American woodpecker.
lépero, -a (Sp. A.), of the lowest class, one of the rabble;
outcast.
lerdo, -a, slow, dull, obtuse.
letra, f., letter;
—— de cambio, bill of exchange;
—— de aceptación, letter of acceptance.
levadura, f., leaven, yeast.
levantamiento, m., upheaval, uprising, revolt.
levantar, to raise, to pile up, to make;
—— una fortuna, to make a fortune;
to raise the quarry (hunting);
to catch sight of.
levita, f., Prince Albert coat.
ley, f., law;
act, ordinance, statute.
libar, to suck, to sip, to quaff.
librado, -a, freed;
—— a sí mismo, left to one’s own devices.
librar, to free, to extricate, to exempt.
libre, free, uncumbered, exempt;
—— de gastos a bordo, free on board, f.o.b.
libro, m., book;
—— de propaganda, advertising matter in general.
licitación privada, f., sealed bids;
private bid as opposed to public bid.
lid, f. (Poet.), battle, strife, struggle.
liga, f., alloy, mixture;
link, bond.
ligar, to link, to tie, to bind.
ligero, -a, light;
swift.
lima, f., file;
lime (fruit).
limeño, -a, applied to a native of Lima, Perú.
límite, m., limit, boundary, border.
limítrofe, bounded, as one country by another.
limpio, -a clean;
—— de, free from.
linaje, m., class;
line, family, breed.
línea, f., line, track;
rank, file;
primera ——, first rank.
lírico, -a, lyric, musical;
(Sp. A.) visionary.
lisa, f., a smooth-skinned fresh-water fish common in S. A. streams;
a polishing stone.
liso, -a, plain, even, flat.
lisonja, f., flattery, compliment;
high esteem.
listo, -a, ready, prompt, active, clever.
litre, m., a Chilean tree.
lo, the, it, him, you, so;
—— que, that, which, what;
—— cual, which.
loado, -a, praised, eulogized.
loar, to praise, to eulogize.
lobo, m., wolf;
—— marino, seal.
locoto, m. (Sp. A.), a kind of red pepper.
locro, m. (Sp. A.), a kind of hash or stew composed of squash, potatoes, tender corn, meat or fish, etc.
loma, f., rising ground;
a hillock;
slope.
lona, f., canvas.
lonja, f., grocery;
leather strap.
loza, f., china;
—— -piedra, a kind of earthenware.
lozanía, f., exuberant growth;
elegance;
bloom.
lozano, -a, luxuriant, fresh;
sprightly.
luciérnaga, f., firefly.
lucir, to glitter, to shine;
to display.
luego, presently, immediately, forthwith, instantly;
desde ——, from the present moment;
at the outset;
conj., then, therefore.
lugarejo, m., hamlet, small village.
luto, m., mourning;
—— riguroso, deep mourning.

LL
llaga, f., ulcer, sore, wound.
llanero, m., a plainsman, a prairieman.
llaneza, f., straightforwardness, simplicity.
llanura, f., plain, prairie.
llorar, to weep;
to deplore.
llucta, f., a limy substance which, mixed with coca leaves, is chewed by the Indians of Bolivia and Perú.

M
maceración, f., act or state of bruising, crushing or cutting into pieces.
machetazo, m., blow or stroke with a machete.
machete, m., a sort of cutlass used in cutting cane.
madeja, f., skein;
lock of hair.
madrastra, f., stepmother.
madreselva, f., honeysuckle.
madrigalizar, to compose madrigals.
madrina, f., godmother.
madroño, m., madrone, a tree used for firewood and to make charcoal;
a tree, the fruit of which resembles strawberries.
maduración, f., maturity;
completion.
madurar, to mature, to ripen.
maduro, -a, ripe, mature, perfect.
maestría, f., mastery;
mastership, complete knowledge.
magisterio, m., the profession of teaching.
magno, -a, great;
grandiose.
maguey, m., American agave.
maizal, m., corn-field.
majada, f. (Sp. A.), flock of sheep.
maldad, f., wickedness;
(Sp. A.) practical joke.
maldito, -a, damned, cursed, confounded.
maleza, f., undergrowth, thicket;
weeds.
malilla, f., a game of cards resembling whist.
maloja, f. (Sp. A.), the leaves and stalks of corn used as fodder.
malla, f., mesh, network.
mamey, m. (Sp. A.), mammee-tree;
its sweet, melon-like fruit.
mampostería, f., masonry.
manada, f., flock, herd.
mancarrón, m. (Sp. A.), a worn-out old horse.
mandadero, m., porter, messenger, errand-boy.
mandar, to send, to command;
—— a paseo, to send “to Jericho.”
mandarina, f. mandarin orange.
mando, m., command, government.
manejo, m., handling, management;
measure, time in music.
manga, f., hurricane, whirlwind, waterspout.
mango, m., mango-tree, or its fruit.
manguito, m., muff.
manija, f., handle;
ring or brace.
manipulado, -a, manipulated, handled.
manipular, to work, to handle.
mano, f., hand;
—— de, coat or coating of.
manojo, m., bundle;
handful, bunch.
manotear, to gesticulate.
manso, -a, tame;
gentle.
manta, f., blanket;
cover.
manto, m., mantle, veil, cloak.
manzano, m., apple-tree.
mañoso, -a, clever;
possessed by a mania;
obstinate;
cunning.
mapurito, m. (Sp. A.), skunk.
máquina de escribir, f., typewriter, writing machine.
maraña, f., an impassable bramble patch.
marco, m., frame;
doorcase, windowcase.
marchante, m. (Sp. A.), customer, buyer.
marchar, to depart, to leave;
to walk.
marchitar, to fade, to wither, to die.
marchito, -a, withered, faded, decayed.
marea, f., tide.
maroma, f., thick cord, rope, cable.
marrullero, -a (Sp. A.), crooked, swindling;
wheedler.
marta, f., marten.
martín pescador, m., kingfisher.
más, more, most, plus;
no —— que, only;
a lo ——, at most;
ni —— ni menos, exactly, neither more nor less;
a —— tardar, at latest;
a —— y mayor, greatly, highly, at best.
masa, f., dough;
mortar;
volume;
(Sp. A.) cake.
mascabado, -a, a raw, unrefined muscovado.
máscara, f., mask, disguise;
masquerader.
mascullar, to mumble, to falter in speaking.
mata, f., small bush, dump of shrubs;
underbrush.
matadero, m., slaughterhouse.
matanza, f., slaughtering.
matarife, m., slaughterman;
butcher.
mate, m. (Sp. A.), a beverage made with leaves from the yerba mate tree;
the dried gourd in which the beverage is served. See bombilla.
materia, f., matter, subject;
—— primera, raw material.
matero, -a, a confirmed drinker of
mate.
matungo, m., an old discarded horse.
maturrango, -a, a poor horseman.
mayor, m., elder, elderly;
—— de edad, of age;
al por ——, by wholesale.
mayoral, m., overseer;
car conductor.
mayorista, m., wholesale dealer.
mazacote, m. (Sp. A.), brown sugar.
mazamorra, f., porridge.
mazorca, f., ear of corn.
mecanógrafo, m., typist.
mecedora, f., rocking-chair;
swinging.
mecedura, f., act of rocking.
medida, f., measure;
a —— de or que, by degrees, in proportion to, at the same time as.
medidor, m., meter (gas, water or electric).
medio, m., middle, center;
medium.
medrar, to thrive, to prosper.
mejicanismo, m., word or phrase peculiar to Mexico.
mejor, better;
—— que ——, much better still;
a lo ——, when least expected, unexpectedly;
a cual ——, to a wish;
tanto ——, so much the better.
mejorar, to improve, to cultivate, to mend.
melaza, f., molasses.
melena, f., long hair spread over the shoulders;
mane.
melocotón, m., peach.
membrudo, -a, muscular, strong.
memoria, f., report;
memory, recollection.
menaje, m., ménage, furniture, household goods.
menester, m., necessity, need, want;
ser ——, to be necessary, to be needed.
menos, less, least;
a —— que, unless;
a lo —— or por lo ——, at least, however;
mucho ——, much less;
tener en ——, to underrate. For other
forms with más, see más.
menudeo, m., retail.
menudo, m., intestines, viscera;
small, of little value.
mercería, f., haberdasher who deals in small furnishings.
merecimiento, m., merit, desert.
merino, m., breed of sheep.
merluza, f., a fish of the cod family, hake.
merma, f., waste, leakage, shortage, diminution.
meseta, f., plateau.
mestizo, -a, the offspring of a white man and an Indian woman.
mesura, f., civility, politeness, moderation, measure.
meta, f., boundary, limit, goal.
metal (de voz), quality of the voice;
timbre.
meterse, refl., to intrude.
metralla, f., shrapnel.
métrica, f., metrical;
measured.
metro, m., meter, the unit of length in the decimal system;
—— poético, meter, versification.
mezcolanza, f. (Coll.), bad mixture.
micho, m., pussy.
miel, f., honey;
—— de caña, molasses.
Miércoles de Ceniza, m., Ash Wednesday.
mies, f., wheat or other grain from which bread is made.
milonga, f. (Sp. A.), folk-song.
mimado, -a, spoiled, humored.
mimar, to pet, to spoil.
mimbre, m., willow, wicker.
mimus, m., mocking-bird.
mineral, m., ore;
mineral.
ministro, m., minister, a member of the President’s Cabinet.
minorar, to lessen, to reduce.
minuciosidad, f., minuteness of detail;
exactitude.
minucioso, -a, minutely or over exact;
nice, scrupulous.
mira, f., look, glance;
object, goal, purpose.
mirasol, m., sunflower;
(Sp. A.) heron.
mirlo, m., blackbird.
misia, from mi sea, a short and affectionate form used instead of mi señora in addressing elderly ladies.
misionero, -a, belonging to the Territory of Misiones, Argentina.
mismísimo, -a, an emphatic form of mismo, -a.
mixto, -a, of both sexes;
mixed.
moblaje, m., furniture.
mocedad, f., youth, boyhood.
mochila, f., knapsack;
(Sp. A.) saddlebag.
modales, m. pl., manners.
modalidad, f., manner, way.
módico, -a, moderate in price.
modista, f., dressmaker.
mofeta, f., polecat.
mohino, -a, fretful, peevish;
sad, mournful.
Moka, m., Mocha, a famous Arabian coffee.
moldura, f., molding.
mole, f., an object of great size;
a great quantity.
molestar, to vex, to disturb, to trouble.
molino, m., mill.
molle, m., a tree.
molleja, f., gizzard.
mondongo, m., viscera;
“innards” of an animal.
monja, f., nun.
monta, f., amount;
importance.
montaña, f. (Sp. A.), the heavily wooded section of a country.
montañés, m., mountaineer.
montañoso, -a, hilly, mountainous.
montaraz, wild.
montecristo, m., a grade of Panama hat.
Monte de Piedad, m., government-owned pawnshop, pawnshop.
montepío, m., see Monte de Piedad.
montero mayor, m., the M. F. H. (Master of Field Hunt).
monto, m., total, sum.
montuoso, -a, hilly, wooded.
morado, -a, mulberry color, purple.
moreno, -a, brown, tawny, brunette.
morigerado, -a, frugal, simple;
temperate, abstemious.
moro, -a, applied to black horses with four white feet;
in Spanish America: black with white spot (Argentina);
chestnut with white spots (Colombia);
sorrel and white (Ecuador);
white with chestnut spots (Venezuela).
mortero, m., mortar.
morueco, m., male sheep, ram.
mostaza, f., mustard.
mosto, m., must, the unfermented juice of the grape.
mostrador, m., showcase, counter.
mote, m., a dish made of boiled hulled com;
whole hominy.
motivo, m., cause;
dar —— a, to give cause.
mozalbete, m., lad, youth.
mozo, m., waiter, man-servant.
muchedumbre, f., multitude, crowd.
mudanza, f., removal;
change, alteration.
muestrario, m., sample display;
sample.
mugido, m., lowing.
mugir, to low.
mugroso, -a, dirty, filthy.
mula, f., mule;
lomo de ——, on muleback.
municipio, m., city, municipality.
muralla, f., wall, rampart.
murciélago, m., bat.
muro, m., wall.
musgo, m., moss.

N
nabo, m., turnip.
nácar, m., nacre, mother-of-pearl.
naciente, dawning, nascent.
nada, nothing, anything;
in no respect, in no degree, by no means;
no ... ——, nothing;
—— menos, nothing less;
—— de eso, by no means, not at all.
nadie, no one, nobody;
any one, anybody.
naipe, m., playing-card.
napa, f., layer.
naranjero, m., a South American bird of brilliant plumage.
naranjilla, f., small green orange.
natación, f., swimming.
natural, native.
nave, f., nave.
Navidad, f., Christmas.
naviero, -a, pertaining to ships.
neblina, f., mist, fog.
neceser, m., a. case of toilet articles, dressing-case.
negar, to deny.
negociado, m., a division in government offices;
bureau.
nevado, m. (Sp. A.), a. snow-covered mountain.
ni, nor, or;
—— ... ——, neither ... nor;
—— ... tampoco, not ... either, nor ... either.
níspero, m., medlar tree.
nivel, m., level.
níveo, -a, white as snow.
no, not, no;
—— poder menos de, not to be able to help;
—— ... nunca, never, not ever;
—— ... nada, nothing;
—— ... nadie, nobody;
—— por eso, that does not mean that;
—— por cierto, certainly not.
nogal, m., walnut-tree; walnut.
nostálgico, -a, homesick.
nota, f., news;
official communication.
novia, f., bride, betrothed.
nuez, f., nut.
nunca, never, ever;
no ... ——, not ever, never.
nutria, f., otter.

O
obispo, m., bishop.
obligatorio, -a, compulsory.
obraje, m. (Sp. A.), forests where timber is being cut.
observar, to observe, to examine, to note.
obstar, to hinder, to obstruct.
ocioso, -a, useless, idle, lazy.
ocuparse (de), to be occupied with.
oferta, f., offer;
supply;
proposition (com.).
oficial, m., officer;
a higher clerk;
—— mayor, chief clerk.
oficina, f., bureau, office, headquarters.
oficio, m., occupation, trade, business.
oficiosidad, f., application, diligence.
ofrenda, f., offering, oblation, gift.
oidor, m. (in Colonial times), judge of the audiencia.
ojalera, f., ring, loop.
ojo de buey, m., loophole.
óleo, m., oil;
al ——, in oils, oil painting.
olla, f., saucepan, pot;
—— podrida, dish composed of different sorts of meats and vegetables boiled together.
ombú, m., South American tree of dense foliage.
ondear, to undulate, to wave.
opera bufa, f., light opera.
operario, m., operator, factory hand.
optar, to choose, to select.
ora, at present;
whether.
oración, f., prayer, vespers, the Angelus.
ordenanza, m., orderly (mil.);
porter, bell-boy.
órdenes, f. pl., ordination, the assumption of Holy Orders.
ordeñar, to milk.
órgano, m., hand organ or street piano.
orillero, -a, suburbanite.
oro, m., gold;
—— en tejos, gold in bullion.
oruga, f., caterpillar.
orujo, m., bagasse of grapes, skin and seeds of crushed grapes;
refuse.
ostentar, to show off, to boast, to brag.
oveja, f., female sheep.

P
paca, f., a South American rodent;
a bale or pack.
padecer, to suffer, to endure.
padres, m. pl., forefathers, ancestors;
parents.
padrón, m., standard;
census or tax-list.
pagaré, m., promissory note.
paila, f., pail, pan, casserole.
paisano, m., countryman.
palco, m., box;
—— avant scène, stage box;
—— bajo, lower tier box;
—— alto, parterre tier box.
palidecer, to become pale;
to lose brilliancy.
palitoque, m. (Sp. A.), the game of bowls;
nine-pins.
palomitas, f. pl. (Sp. A.), pop-corn.
palúdico, -a, a sufferer from malaria.
pampa, f. (Sp. A.), an extensive grass-covered plain.
pan, m., bread, loaf, cake.
pandereta, f., tambourine.
panela, f. (Sp. A.), brown sugar in cone-shaped molds.
pantano, m., pool of stagnant water, marsh, morass.
pantorrilla, f., calf of the leg.
papa, f. (Sp. A.), potato.
papaíto, m., an affectionate diminutive of papá.
papaya, f., the fruit of the papaw tree.
paquebote, m., packet boat, mail steamer;
—— fluvial, river ferry-boat.
paquete, m., bundle, parcel;
(Sp. A.) elegant, well dressed, dandy.
par, m., pair;
al —— de, nearly alike;
al —— que, as well as.
para, for, to, in order to, toward, wherefore, to the end that;
—— con, toward;
—— que, in order that, that;
—— sí, to or for one’s self.
paracaída, f., parachute.
parada, f., stop-over, a stay, halt, halting place.
paraíso, m., paradise;
(Sp. A.) the topmost gallery in the theater.
páramo, m., an extremely cold, desolate place;
barren land.
parapeto, m., parapet, breastwork.
parar, to stop, to halt.
pardejón, m. (Sp. A.), brownish skinned.
pardo, -a, dark-skinned.
parecer, to seem, to appear;
al ——, seemingly;
refl., to be like.
pareja, f., pair, couple, matched team of horses.
parir, to give birth to.
particular, odd, queer.
partida, f., departure;
item in an account.
partido, m., game, match.
partir, to part, to divide, to share;
to depart.
parva, f., stack of hay or wheat.
parroquia, f., clientèle, patronage;
parish;
(Sp. A.) the church itself.
parroquiano, -a, customer, client.
pasa, f., raisin.
pasadizo, m., a narrow passage or covered way;
corridor.
pasador, m., bolt of a lock;
leather strap or thong.
pasaje, m., ticket, fare;
passage, voyage.
pascua, f., Easter.
pasear, to take a walk, to promenade;
—— la mirada, to glance about.
paseo, m., walk, promenade.
paso, m., step;
—— a paso, step by step;
a ese ——, at that rate;
al —— que, while;
de ——, in passing, by the way, lightly, briefly.
pastel, m., pie, pastry;
al ——, a crayon drawing.
pastilla, f., pastille, tablet.
pasto, m., pasture;
grass, fodder;
food.
pastoreo, m., pasturing, grazing.
patagua, m., a Chilean tree.
pataleo, m., frantic kicking.
patear, to kick.
patente, manifest, evident, unmistakable.
patín, m., skate.
pato, -a, drake, duck.
patriota, m. and f. (Sp. A.), native soldier who took part in the War of Independence.
patriotero, -a, a militarist, a jingo.
patrón, m., master of a trading vessel;
(Sp. A.) boss.
patrono, m., patron saint of a church or city.
paují, m. (Sp. A.), a species of wild turkey.
pavo, -a, turkey;
—— real, peacock.
pecarí, m., peccary.
pechada, f., good “collar work” on the part of a horse.
pechera, f., shirt-front.
pedícuro, m., chiropodist.
pedido, m., order (Com.);
request.
pedrada, f., the act of throwing stones;
stoning.
pedregoso, -a, stony.
pedrería, f., a collection of precious stones;
pl., jewels.
pedrero, m., stonecutter;
a South American bird.
peinador, -a, hairdresser.
pejerrey, m., South American trout.
pelado, -a, plucked, hairless.
pelafustán, m., tramp, vagabond.
pelando, agua ——, scalding water.
pelar, to cut the hair;
to pluck feathers;
to peel;
to shell;
agua para ——, scalding water.
pelea, f., fight, combat.
peletería, f., fur or leather store.
película, f., skin, rind.
pelo, m., hair;
en ——, bareback.
pelota, f., ball;
juego de ——, ball games in general.
peluca, f., wig.
pellizcar, to pinch.
pena, f., grief, pain.
penacho, m., topknot of birds;
plumes worn as an ornament.
pender, to hang.
pendiente, f., slope, declivity, grade.
peón, m., day laborer.
percatarse, refl., to bethink one’s self, to realize.
percibir, to receive, to collect;
to realize (value).
percha, f., clothesrack, hatstand.
perdurar, to last for a long time.
peregrino, -a, pilgrim, wayfarer.
perfil, m., profile, outline;
biographical sketch.
pericón, m. (Sp. A.), a folk-dance.
peripuesto, -a, very gay, very fine, very spruce in dress.
perito, m., skilled, expert.
perol, m., boiler, kettle, pot.
perorar, to make a speech, to declaim.
persignarse, to cross one’s self.
perspectiva, f., possibility, prospect, likelihood.
perspicacia, f., perspicacity.
pertenecer, to belong to;
to concern.

pertrechar, to supply with ammunition;
to lay out, to arrange, to prepare.
peruanismo, m., word or phrase peculiar to Perú.
pescado, m., a fish when caught;
in the water, uncaptured, it is a pez;
—— de agua de mar, salt-water
fish;
—— de agua dulce, fresh-water fish.
pescador, m., fisherman.
pescante, m., front part of a carriage including the box;
crane (Mach.).
pesebre, m., manger;
stall.
peso, m., monetary unit in some of the Spanish American countries.
pespunte, m., back stitching, a back-stitched seam.
pesquera, f., fishing banks.
pesquería, f., fishery.
pesquero, m. (Sp. A.), see pesquera.
pestillo, m., bolt of a lock, door latch.
petimetre, m., beau, dandy.
petipieza, f., comedy.
petit hôtel, m. (French), a residence more than one story high, built in the French style.
pez-sol, m., a South American fish;
sunfish.
piano, m., —— de cola, grand piano;
—— vertical, upright piano;
—— mecánico, piano player.
picadero, m., circus ring.
picante, highly seasoned;
piquant.
picantería, f. (Sp. A.), a cheap eating place;
“hashery.”
picarú, m. (Sp. A.), a South American fish.
pieza, f., piece, fragment;
room;
bird or animal of the chase, quarry;
—— de moneda, coin;
—— de autos, records or pleadings of a lawsuit stitched together.
pila eléctrica, f., battery.
pilcha, f. (Sp. A.), any piece of wearing apparel;
saddle trappings.
pileta, f., pool;
trough, vat, basin.
pillo, -a, rascally.
pimentón, m., ground red pepper.
pimiento, m., capsicum, pepper (fruit of the capsicum).
pincelada, f., brush stroke.
pingo, m. (Sp. A.), a fine saddle-horse.
pingüe, plentiful, abundant.
pino-limón, m., a South American fruit tree.
pintada, f. (Sp. A.), Guinea-fowl.
pintor, m., painter, artist, delineator.
pintorrear, to daub, to paint without skill.
pira, f., pyre;
bonfire.
pisar, to trample, to crush, to tread.
piso, m., floor, pavement;
story or floor;
loft, flat.
pisoteado, -a, trampled.
pisotear, to tread under foot.
pista, f., track, footprint;
scent, clue.
pistonudo, -a (Sp. A.), fine, big, great, admirable.
pito, m., pipe, small flute, whistle.
placar, to placate;
to mitigate.
plafonnier, m., ceiling electric light.
plan, m., plan, design, scheme.
planada, f., plain, level ground.
planilla, f., list, account sheet.
planta, f., sole of the foot, foot;
plan of a building, its site or plant.
plantel, m., nursery garden;
(Sp. A.) herd of highly bred animals;
establishment.
plañidero, -a, plaintive, wailing, sobbing.
plata, f., silver;
—— en barras, silver bullion.
plátano, m., banana.
platea, f., that section of the theater called “pit” in England and “orchestra” in the U. S.
platillos, m. pl., bosses (metal work).
plaza, f., square;
market.
plazo, m., credit, term, time;
a ——, on credit.
pleito, m., litigation, lawsuit.
pleno, -a, full, ample.
pliegue, m., fold or pleat;
gathers.
poblado, m., town, village or other inhabited place.
poco, -a, little;
—— a ——, gently, softly, little by little;
de —— tiempo acá, latterly;
a ——, in a short time;
por ——, en ——, almost, nearly;
un ——, a little.
podar, to prune, to clip.
poder, m., power;
en —— de, in the possession of, in the hands of.
podrido, -a, rotten, putrid.
podrir, to rot, to become putrid.
polaco, -a, a Pole; a Polish dance.
polemista, m., polemic;
a controversialist.
polícromo, -a, many-colored.
polvo, m., dust;
toilet powder.
pólvora, f., gunpowder.
ponchera, f., punchbowl.
poncho, m., oblong piece of woolen or cotton cloth with a slit in the middle to put the head through, used as an outer wrap by workingmen in certain countries of S. A.
ponderar, to heighten, to extol, to exaggerate.
poner, to put;
to display;
to take (time);
refl., to become.
por, for, through, between, to, by, along, on account of, per, for the sake of, in behalf, by means of;
about;
—— tanto or —— ende, for that, for so much;
—— más que or —— mucho que, in vain;
—— acá or —— allá, here or there;
—— si acaso, if by chance;
—— entre, through;
—— cuanto, whereas;
—— tanto, wherefore;
—— sí, by himself (herself or itself);
—— cierto, indeed;
—— qué, why.
porfiar, to insist, to persist, to be stubborn.
pororó, m. (Sp. A.), pop-corn.
poroto, m. (Sp. A.), bean.
porque, because, for;
see por qué.
porte, m., deportment;
manner, air.
porteño, -a (Sp. A.), applied to the native of a port, such as Buenos Aires or Valparaiso.
portero, m., gatekeeper;
usher.
portón, m., a large door;
(Sp. A.) carriage and automobile entrance in private residences.
posar, to perch, to alight upon.
poseer, to hold, to possess, to own.
postigo, m., the division of a double door or the sash of a window and the wooden shutter which covers it.
pote, m., see olla podrida. Also, a nickname applied to a pot-bellied person.
potencia, f., power;
potency.
potrero, m., paddock;
pasture ground.
pozo, m., well.
práctico, m., marine or river pilot.
prado, m., lawn, field, meadow;
a piece of pasture ground.
praticultura, f., the scientific application of agricultural principles to the cultivation of pasture grounds and the breeding of cattle.
precioso, -a, beautiful, dainty;
precious.
preciso, -a, necessary, requisite, needful.
predecir, to foretell.
predilecto, -a, the preferred one;
the best loved.
pregón, m., advertisement by the town crier;
cry.
prenda, f., a garment or ornament.
prender, to catch, to take hold of.
presa, f., a captive or prisoner;
what has been seized;
dike, dam.
prescripción, f., order, command, disposition.
presentación, f., introduction, presentation;
appearance.
presidio, m., place of confinement;
jail, prison.
prestar, to lend;
—— declaración, to declare under oath;
refl., to lend one’s self;
to agree to anything.
presumir de, to presume, to boast.
presunto, -a, presumptive.
pretender, to pretend, to claim, to solicit;
to attempt.
pretil, m. (Sp. A.), open space before a church;
stone seat;
railing of a bridge.
preveo, see prever.
prever, to foresee, to foreknow.
previsión, f., foresight.
prima, f., government obligation whereby it guarantees the payment of a certain rate per cent on capital invested.
primaveral, young, fresh, springlike.
primor, m., beauty, dexterity, nicety, neatness of workmanship.
principio, m., beginning;
principle;
al ——, at or in the beginning.
privado, -a, own, personal, particular.
procaz, impudent, bold, saucy, insolent.
proceder, to come from, to issue forth;
m., method of procedure.
procedimiento, m., proceedings, action.
proceso, m., process, action;
—— jurídico, legal action.
procurado, -a, here, specially obtained.
procurador, m., attorney.
procurar, to try, to adopt measures for attaining an end.
producir, to produce, to bear;
refl., to explain one’s self.
productor, m., producer.
produjo, from producir.
profesión, f., declaration, statement;
profession.
proficuo, -a, profitable, useful, advantageous.
profundidad, f., great depth;
complexity.
profundo, -a, deep, profound.
prolongar, to extend, to continue, to prolong.
prontitud, f., promptness, celerity, dispatch.
pronto, -a, quick;
ready.
propicio, -a, propitious, kind, favorable.
propiedad, f., property, possession;
right or rights.
propietario, m., owner, proprietor.
propio, m., one’s own;
those belonging to one’s own family, friends or country.
propio, -a, own, personal;
proper, appropriate;
original, genuine, precise;
con sus propias manos, with his (or her) own hands.
proponerse, refl., to resolve, to determine, to mean.
proporcionar, to afford, to furnish, to supply.
propósito, m., purpose, design, intention;
a ——, for the purpose, fit for, by-the-bye.
proseguir, to proceed.
prosista, m., author who writes in prose.
prosternarse, refl., to prostrate or abase one’s self.
proteger, to protect, to favor, to foment, to back.
protegido, -a, favorite, protégé.
protervo, -a, stubborn, perverse.
provecho, m., profit;
con ——, profitably.
provechoso, -a, profitable, improving.
proveedor, m., purveyor.
proveer, to provide, to procure beforehand, to supply;
refl., to provide one’s self, to store up.
proverbio, m., saying, old saw, proverb.
providencia, f., good judgment, foresightedness.
provincia, f., state, province;
one of the divisions of a country.
provincial, pertaining to the province;
rustic, countrified.
provisionalmente, temporarily, meanwhile, provisionally.
provisto, -a, supplied, provided.
prudentemente, discreetly.
prueba, f., proof, test;
sign;
experiment;
a —— de incendio, fire-proof.
puchero, m. (Sp. A.), see olla podrida.
pueblano, m. (Sp. A.), one coming from the city.
pueblero, m. (Sp. A.), see pueblano.
pueblo, m., population, inhabitants, people;
—— bajo, populace.
puerta-cancela, f., front-door grating or screen, in Spanish houses.
puerto, m., port, entrance.
pues, then, therefore, inasmuch as, since, sure, surely, certainly, well, then;
¿y ——? well, and what of that?
—— sí (iron.), yes indeed!
¿—— y que? why not? what else? what then?
¡—— qué! why! —— bien, well;
acérquese ——, come nearer then, or well, come nearer.
puesto, m., shop or place where anything is exposed for sale at retail department;
market.
¡puf! an exclamation expressing the unpleasant sensation of a bad smell.
pujanza, f., power, might, strength, push.
pulpería, f. (Sp. A.), a country grocery store and bar.
pulular, to swarm, to be alive with.
puma, m. (Sp. A.), mountain lion, a species of wildcat or panther.
puntilla, f., a narrow lace edging.
punto, m., point;
a —— de, on the point of;
—— menos, a trifle smaller;
a buen ——, opportunely;
al ——, at once;
al —— que, at the time;
por —— general, as a rule;
a —— fijo, exactly;
estar en su —— (Culinary), done;
stitch;
de ——, knitted or crocheted.
puntualidad, f., promptness, punctuality;
precision.
punzante, pricking, sharp.
punzar, to prick, to puncture, to grieve.
purificar, to refine, to clear, to purify.
puro, m., a cigar.
purpúreo, -a, purple.

Q
que, which, that, who;
lo ——, that which, what;
for, than, as;
tener ——, to have to, must;
de ——, of the fact that.
quebracho, m., a South American hardwood tree.
quebrada, f., ravine, a deep pass.
quebradón, m. (Sp. A.), see quebrada.
quedar, to remain;
quedarse con, to prefer.
quejarse, refl., to complain of, to grumble.
quemar, to burn;
to clear.
quemazón, f. (Sp. A.), sale at which goods are sold very cheap.
quena, f., a musical instrument used by the Bolivian and Peruvian Indians.
querer, to love.
quetzal, m., a trogon of Mexico and Guatemala having golden green plumage.
quevedos, m. pl., pince-nez.
quiebra (Sp. A.), possessed of all the qualities a gaucho admires.
quien, who, whom, he who, him who;
—— ... ——, some ... some, (the) one ... (the) other.
quina, f., cinchona, quinine.
quincallería, f., hardware store and trade.
quincha, m. (Sp. A.), humming-bird.
quinoa, f., a South American plant.
quintuplicar, to multiply by five.
quizás, perhaps, possibly, in case of.

R
rábano, m., radish.
rabia, f., anger, rage.
rabioso, -a, furious, choleric, raging, fierce.
racimo, m., bunch of grapes.
ración, f., ration, food for one meal.
ráfaga, f., a violent gust of wind.
ralo, -a, thin, tenuous, not compact.
rallado, -a, grated, powdered.
rallar, to grate, to reduce to a paste or to powder.
ramal, m., anything springing from another;
branch, division;
offset.
ramificado, -a, branched, divided.
ramificar, to branch, to divide.
rancho, m. (Sp. A.), farm, ranch;
native hut.
rango, m., rank, quality.
rapadura, f. (raspadura) (Sp. A.), brown sugar.
rápsode, m., rhapsodist;
poet.
raro, -a, unusual, rare;
widely apart or separated.
raso, -a, smooth;
bala ——, smooth-bore bullet.
rascar, to scratch, to scrape.
rasgar, to tear or cut asunder.
rasgo, m., magnanimous deed;
trait.
rasguear, to strum on the guitar.
rastacuerismo, m., parade, vain show: from rastaquouère, a nickname given in France to the ostentatious newly rich.
rastra, f., harrow, an agricultural instrument.
rastreador, m., expert in trailing the footprints of another.
rastro, m., trace, vestige.
raudal, m., plenty, abundance;
a torrent.
real, m., a Spanish coin originally worth 12½ cents, equivalent to the old Californian “bit”;
a name given in some S. A. countries to the ten-cent piece;
real;
royal, grand.
rebajar, to rebate.
rebaño, m., flock of sheep.
rebotar, to rebound.
recado, m., regards, friendly greeting;
(Sp. A.), saddle used in country districts.
recaer, to devolve upon.
recargo, m., a surcharge, an increase in cost.
receta, f., recipe;
prescription.
recibir, to receive;
to welcome.
recibo, m., receipt;
signed bill;
acusar ——, to acknowledge receipt.
recién, recently, lately;
used before participles instead of reciente;
——llegado, —— venido, newly arrived.
recinto, m., enclosure.
recipiente, m., receptacle;
recipient.
recitar, to recite, to declaim.
reclamar, to claim.
reclamo, m., call, allurement, enticement.
recodo, m., a turn in a road or street.
recoger, to gather together, to collect;
to receive;
—— un vale, to take up a note;
refl., to gather one’s forces together.
recogimiento, m., retirement;
removed from worldly concerns.
recolección, f., compilation, summary;
gathering, crop, harvest;
the collecting of money or taxes;
retirement.
recomendable, commendable, laudable.
recompensa, f., reward, compensation.
reconocer, to scan, to inspect, to recognize;
to comprehend;
to own, to admit, to sanction.
recontar, to recount;
to relate.
recorrer, to renew, to examine, to survey.
recorrido, m., line, distance or space run over or through.
recto, -a, just, upright.
recuerdito, m., dim. of recuerdo.
recuerdo, m., remembrance;
keepsake, token.
rechazar, to repel, to repulse, to drive back, to impel in opposite direction.
rechinar, to crack, to hurtle; to grind;
—— los dientes, to grate.
red, f., net; network.
redactor, m., one of the editorial staff of a newspaper or journal.
rededor, m., environs.
redoble, m., a double drum-beat, “ruffle.”
reducirse, refl., to revolve upon; to be reduced.
reembolsar, to reimburse, to recover money advanced.
refacción, f., refreshment, refection.
refinería, f., refinery.
reflexionar, to reconsider, to scan closely, to judge;
to reflect upon.
refrán, m., proverb, well-known saying.
refrendar, to legalize, to counter-sign, to visé, to authorize.
refresco, m., a refreshing beverage or drink.
refriega, f., skirmish, encounter, scuffle.
refrigerante, cooling, refrigerative;
m. (Chem.), refrigerator.
regadío, m., irrigation.
regalo, m., convenience, repose, comfort, luxury;
a gift.
regatear, to bargain, to haggle over prices.
regente, m., manager, director.
registrar, to inspect, to search.
registro civil, m., a government office in certain Latin American countries where civil marriage is performed;
Bureau of Vital Statistics.
regla, f., rule, custom, usage;
ruler;
ferule.
regocijo, m., joy, pleasure, satisfaction, mirth, merriment.
regordete, -a, a short and stout person.
regresar, to return, to go back.
rehusar, to refuse, to reject, to spurn.
reja, f., grating;
railing;
grillwork;
—— de arado, plowshare.
relacionado, -a, connected with, related to.
relincho, m., whinnying of a horse.
reluciente, shining.
relleno, -a, filled, stuffed;
refilled;
m., fillings.
remate, m., auction sale.
remedar, to mock, to imitate, to mimic.
remendar, to patch, to mend;
to correct.
remero, -a, rower, paddler;
club ——, rowing club.
remesa, f., a shipment of goods;
a remittance of money.
remolcador, m., a steam tugboat.
remolinear, to whirl about, to gyrate.
remontar, to navigate up stream.
rendido, -a, worn out.
rendimiento, m., yield.
rendir culto, to revere, to worship.
renta, f., rent, profit, income.
reparaciones, f. pl., critical observations or remarks;
notes;
adverse criticism.
reparo, m., doubt, objection, difficulty.
repartición, f., distribution, allotment.
reparto, m., the list of persons in a play;
dramatis personæ.
repasar, to review, to retrace, to repass.
repavimento, m., paving in general;
the paving between street-car tracks.
repente, de ——, suddenly.
repertorio, m., repertoire;
stock in trade;
program.
repisa, f., bracket;
—— de la chimenea, mantelpiece.
replicar, to duplicate; to repeat.
repliegue, m., the act of falling back (Mil.).
repollo, m., cabbage.
reponer, to redress, to restore;
to replace;
refl., to recover;
to rehabilitate.
reportaje, m., interview.
reposado, -a, quiet, peaceful.
repostería, f., confectioner’s or pastry cook’s shop.
representar, to perform, to play, to take the part of (Theat.).
reprise, f. (French), repetition.
repuesto, m., de ——, supply for replenishment purposes.
requerir, to require, to demand;
to insist.
res, f., a cow or a bull.
resabios, m. pl., old vices;
deeply-rooted habits.
resaltar, to be clearly evident, to stand out in relief.
resbalar, to slip, to slide.
rescoldo, m., embers, hot ashes, cinders.
reserva, f., reserve funds;
—— federal, gold reserve in the Federal Treasury;
stock, supply.
resfriadera, f., receptacles for cooling used in sugar mills.
resguardar, to preserve, to defend.
resignación, f., submission.
resina, f., rosin.
resolver, to solve.
resonar, to resound, to ring, to echo.
resorte, m., spring;
a resilient object;
cause, medium, means.
responsabilidad, f., liability.
retemblar, to tremble, to shake repeatedly, to vibrate.
retemplarse, refl., to acquire fresh vigor.
retrete, m., water-closet.
revestido, -a, covered, coated, dressed.
revestir, to reclothe, to cover, to coat.
revista, f., review;
extravaganza.
revocar, to plaster, to whitewash;
to revoke.
revolar, see revolotear.
revolotear, to flutter, to fly hither and thither.
riachuelo, m., small river.
ribete, m., ribbon or tape sewed to the edge of cloth;
reinforcement;
pretensions;
hence ribete de filarmónico, pretensions toward artistry.
riego, m., see regadío.
riel, m., railroad track.
riesgo, m., danger, risk.
riña, f., quarrel, fight;
—— de gallos, cockfight.
riqueza, f., wealth.
risotada, f., loud laugh.
rizado, -a, curled, crimped.
rizar, to curl, to crimp;
to flute.
rocalloso, -a, rocky.
rocío, m., dew;
a sprinkling.
rodillo, m., roller.
roldana, f., pulley, wheel.
rollo, m., roll;
—— de alambre, roll of wire for fencing.
romper, to break, to shatter;
to dash against.
roncar, to snore.
ronco, -a, hoarse.
ronda, f., rounds;
hacer la ——, to go the rounds.
ropero, m., wardrobe.
rosca, f., anything shaped like a screw;
—— de maíz, a round twisted corn-cake.
roseta, f., anything shaped like a rose;
(Sp. A.) pop-corn ball.
rosicler, m., a bright rose-color.
rosqueta, f., see rosca.
roto, -a, broken, shattered, torn;
m., a ragged man;
”roto chileno," a term applied to a man of the laboring class in Chile in memory of the ragged Chilian troops who were victorious in the war with Perú.
rozar, to brush against, to touch.
roznar, to grind hard things with the teeth (said of animals); to bray.
rueda, f., the pit in the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange.
rugiente, roaring.
rumbear (Sp. A.), to head for, to steer for.
rumbo, m., direction, route, way.
ruso, -a, Russian.
ruta, f., route, itinerary.

S
saber, to know;
a ——, viz., to wit, that is, namely.
sabido, -a, known, learned.
sable, m., sabre, cutlass.
sacaritecnia, f., the scientific study of sugar production.
sacerdocio, m., priesthood, ministry.
saco, m. (Sp. A.), coat.
sacudida, f., shaking;
the act of shaking off.
sainete, m., a farce, a short dramatic composition.
saladero, m. (Sp. A.), a meat-packing house.
salchichonería, f., shop where sausages are sold or made.
saldo, m., balance.
salida, f., departure;
expenditure, outlay;
género de mucha ——, merchandise which sells well.
salpicado, -a, bespattered.
salpicar, to bespatter, to daub.
salsifí, m., oyster plant.
salto, m., leap, bound;
—— de agua, waterfall.
salvar, to cover distance, to reach;
to save.
sanear, to drain, to make sanitary;
to heal.
sangrar, to tap (a tree), to bleed.
sangre, f., blood;
tapping, bleeding.
sangriento, -a, bloody, cruel.
sanidad, f., health, hygiene;
oficina de la ——, Board of Health.
sanitario, sanitary;
departamento ——, the place where bath-room and sanitary fixtures are sold.
sano, -a, healthy, wholesome.
santiaguino, -a, native or resident of Santiago de Chile;
relating to Santiago.
santiamén, en un ——, very quickly, in a jiffy.
santo, día del —— (Sp. A.), birthday or Saint’s day.
sañudo, -a, furious, enraged.
sartal, m., a string of flowers, beads or other decorative object.
satisfacer, to pay in full.
sauce, m., willow-tree.
secretaría, f., secretary’s office.
seda, f., silk.
sedentario, -a, native, indigenous (Zoöl.).
segadora, f., a reaper or harvesting-machine.
seguir, to follow, to pursue.
según, according to, as.
seguro, -a, secure, free from danger, easy, assumed, confident;
firm;
estar —— de, to be sure of, to depend upon a thing;
m., insurance;
póliza de ——, insurance policy;
—— sobre la vida, life insurance;
—— contra incendios, fire insurance;
—— contra accidentes, accident insurance.
seleccionar, to select, to choose.
selva, f., forest.
selvático, -a, from selva;
pertaining to a forest.
sello, m., seal;
—— de correo, postage stamp.
sembrado, m., ground sown with grain.
sembradora, f., seeder, a machine for sowing seeds.
sencillo, -a, plain, single;
línea ——, one-track line.
sendero, m., path, footpath.
seno, m., bosom, breast;
security, support, asylum, refuge.
sentar, to plant a blow.
señalado, -a, famous, celebrated, distinguished.
señorona, f. (Coll.), great lady.
sequía, f., dryness, drought.
séquito, m., retinue, suite.
sereno, m., night policeman or watchman.
serio, solemn, serious;
rude, cold.
servicio, m., servants taken collectively;
entrada para el ——, delivery entrance.
servidor, m., servant, waiter.
servidumbre, f., servitude, slavery;
servants of a house.
serrano, m., mountaineer, highlander.
sesos, m. pl., brain.
sí, yes;
—— por cierto, certainly;
por
—— o por no, by chance;

un —— es no es, something.
sí, himself, herself, itself, yourself, one’s self, themselves, yourselves;
de por ——, apart, separated.
si, if, whether;
—— acaso, by chance;
—— bien, although.
siembra, f., seedtime, planting time.
sierra, f., the mountain region in some of the Spanish American countries.
siesta, f., the hottest part of the day;
a noonday nap.
siga, from seguir.
silbido, m., whistling.
silenciar, to impose silence.
silla de hamaca, f. (Sp. A.), rocking-chair.
sillón, m., a large armchair.
sima, f., abyss, gulf.
simón, m., name applied to cabs and cab drivers.
simpático, -a, attractive, lovable, showing a fellow-feeling;
sympathetic.
simple, simple, single, plain;
mere.
sin, without;
—— qué ni para qué, without cause;
—— embargo, notwithstanding, however.
sincerarse, refl., to excuse, vindicate or justify one’s self.
siniestro, -a, left (as opposed to right).
sinnúmero, innumerable.
sino, but;
no ... ——, only.
siquiera, at least, though, although, or;
scarcely;
otherwise.
sitio, m. (Sp. A.), farm, lot, location.
sobra, de ——, over and above;
superfluously.
sobradamente, abundantly, excessively.
sobrar, over and above, to be more than enough.
sobre, on, upon, over;
above;
besides;
m., envelope.
sobrentendido, m., what is understood though not expressed.
sobrepujar, to excel, to surpass, to exceed.
sobresalir, to exceed in height, to overtop, to surpass.
sobresaltado, -a, startled, scared, terrified.
sobresaltar, to terrify, to frighten, to startle.
sobreviviente, m., survivor.
¡socorro! Help!
solar, m., city lot.
soltar, to yield, to give up, to render;
to release, to set free.
solterón, -ona, old bachelor;
old maid.
sollozante, sobbing.
sollozar, to sob.
somero, -a, superficial, shallow.
someter, to be subject to, to submit.
sopanda, f., brace, one of the leather thongs which support the body of a coach.
soplo, m., advice given secretly;
suggestion, reminiscence;
gentle breeze.
sopor, m., drowsiness, sleepiness.
soportar, to withstand, to bear.
sortija, f., a finger-ring;
corrida de ——, a game on horseback in which each player tries to secure on his lance the greatest number of metal rings (suspended from a bar) as he rides by at full speed.
soslayar (Sp. A.), to move obliquely aside.
soslayo, de ——, sideways.
sostener, to maintain, to support;
to affirm.
sostenido, -a, sustained, maintained, supported.
sota, under;
—— cochero, under coachman;
f., jack, knave;
deputy;
a subordinate worker.
sotreta, m. (Sp. A.), an old or vicious horse;
an idle, good-for-nothing person.
suave, smooth;
soft;
delicate, mellow.
suaza, m., grade of Panama hat.
suba, f., rise;
lift.
subasta, f., auction.
súbito, sudden.
subsistir, to exist;
to live.
subterráneo, m., subway;
underground;
cellar.
sucedáneo, -a, applied to an object
or substance which can be substituted for another.
sucio, -a, dirty, nasty, filthy.
sucursal, f., branch;
agency.
sueldo, m., wages, salary.
suerte, f., chance, lot, luck;
fate;
kind, sort, species;
manner, mode, way.
sugerente, suggesting.
suizo, -a, Swiss.
sujetar, to subdue, to reduce to submission;
to fasten.
sujeto, -a, subdued;
fastened.
supeditado, -a, oppressed, overpowered.
supeditar, to subdue, to control;
to oppress.
superar, to surpass, to excel.
superlirismo, m., see lírico.
superponer, to superimpose;
to put over.
surcar, to surge, to pass through a liquid;
to plow, to furrow.
surgir, to come forth, to appear, to rise.
surtido, m., assortment, stock.
surtidor, m., jet of water;
hydrant, tap.
surtirse, to supply one’s self.
surubí, m., a species of fish.
suspender, to hang, to stop, to delay.
suspendido, -a, hung;
stopped, delayed.

T
taba, f., ankle bone;
astragalus.
tabaco, m., tobacco;
—— de hoja, leaf tobacco;
—— cortado, shredded tobacco;
—— picadura al grano, grain tobacco;
—— hebra, tobacco in fiber.
taburete, m., footstool, small bench.
taco, m. (Sp. A.), heel-piece of a shoe.
tacha, f., fault, defect, imperfection, blemish.
tacho, m., caldron;
—— al vacío, vacuum pan.
tajada, f., slice, cut.
tal, such, such a;
un ——, a certain;
con —— que, provided that;
—— vez, perhaps;
¿qué ——? how?;
sí, ——, yes, indeed.
talega, f., a wide, short sack.
taleguita, f., dim. of talega.
taller, m., workshop, office, laboratory.
tallo, m., stem which bears leaves, sprout, shoot.
tamal, m. (Sp. A.), a small flat cake or croquette made of grated corn, filled with minced meat or other eatables, and either boiled or baked in the husk of corn.
tambo, m. (Sp. A.), dairy, cow-stable;
inn.
tamboril, m., tambourine.
tampoco, as little, neither, nor ... either;
ni ... ——, not ... either, nor ... either.
tan, so, so much, as well, as much;
—— así es, it is so much so.
tango, m., a dance which originated in the River Plate region.
tanque, m. (Sp. A.), vat, large trough, tank.
tanto, -a, as much, so much;
—— que, as much as;
—— como, as much as;
en —— que, while;
—— uno como otro, both one and the other;
algún ——, a little;
en ——, entre ——, in the meanwhile;
por lo ——, for the same reason, therefore;
—— cuanto, as much as;
—— por ciento, percentage.
tañido, m., a clinking or metallic sound.
tapete, m., a small carpet or rug.
tapicero, m., one who makes tapestry or works with it;
a paper hanger; an upholsterer.
tapiz, m., tapestry; covering.
taquígrafo, m., stenographer.
tarea, f., task, work.
tarima, f., movable platform.
tartamudo, -a, stammerer.
tasación, f., valuation, appraisement.
tasajo, m., jerked beef.
taura, m., gaucho word meaning accomplished in manly sports.
tazón, m., a large bowl or basin.
tejer, to weave cloth or other substance.
tejido, m., textile, woven goods.
telar, m., loom.
temperamento, m. (Sp. A.), climate;
temperament.
templa, f. (Sp. A.), boiled down juice of the sugar cane.
temple, m., temper given to metals;
temperature.
temporada, f., the opera or play season;
season.
tenazas, f., tongs;
large pincers.
tenca, f. (Sp. A.), Chilean bird;
tench.
tender, to spread or stretch, to make up (the bed);
to hang;
to tend.
tenedor, m., holder;
bookkeeper;
fork.
tenoriada, f., amorous adventure or escapade. (The allusion is to the amorous hero of the play “Don Juan Tenorio.”)
tenso, -a, stretched.
tentar, to tempt;
to attempt, to try: to prove, to sound.
teñir, to dye.
tequiche, m., a very popular sweet in the Spanish West Indies.
tererere, m. (Sp. A.), an infusion of yerba mate in cold water.
terneza, f., tenderness, softness, affection.
tero, m., see terutero.
terrestre, relating to land, terrestrial.
terriblez, f., terribleness;
asperity, cruelty.
terruño, m., piece of ground;
(Coll.) one’s native land.
tertulia, f., circle of friends, coterie, set;
seat in a theater.
terutero, m. (Sp. A.), a river bird whose cry resembles its name.
tesorería, f., treasury, exchequer, treasurer’s office.
testarudo, -a, obstinate, stubborn.
testigo, m. and f., witness.
tétrico, -a, gloomy, sullen.
tez, f., skin.
tibio, -a, lukewarm, tepid.
tiempo, m., time;
en un ——, once upon a time.
tierra, f., land, the earth;
—— caliente (in tropical Sp. A.), lowlands;
—— adentro, inland.
tijeras, f. pl., scissors;
—— de rizar, curling irons or tongs.
timbre, m., seal, bell provided with a spring;
tone-color of the voice or instruments;
crest of a coat of arms;
hence, any glorious deed or achievement.
tina, f., bathtub.
tinaja, f., a large earthen jar.
tino, m., skill, knack, dexterity;
common sense.
tintorería, f., dye shop, dyer’s.
tiple, m., treble, the highest musical register of instruments or voices;
a musical instrument.
tirar, to throw;
to tend toward, to approach.
tiritar, to shiver, to shake.
tiro, m., a span of coach horses or mules;
(Sp. A.) a shot.
tirón, m., de un ——, at a stroke.
tironear, to pull, to haul, to tug.
tiroteo, m., irregular discharge of firearms.
tiste, m. (Sp. A.), a beverage resembling chocolate made of corn, cocoa and sugar;
also made with corn flour, achiote and sugar.
titilante, sparkling, flashing.
título, m., title (of a book), deed (of property);
pl., securities.
tizón, m., half burnt or charred wood.
toca, f., a hood, toque.
tocador, m., a lady’s dressing table.
tocante, as to, in reference to.
todo, -a, all, every;
all, everything;
—— el día, all day;
con ——eso, notwithstanding, however;
en un ——, together, in all its parts;
del ——, entirely, quite;
sobre ——, principally, specially;
—— el mundo, everybody.
toldo, m., awning.
toma-corriente, m., plug, used in connecting and breaking an electric current.
tonada, f. (Sp. A.), a popular tune or song;
singsong inflection or accent.
tonelada, f., ton;
—— métrica, one thousand kilograms.
tonelería, f., cooperage.
tono, m., deportment, manner;
social category.
toqueres, m. pl. (Sp. A.), sweet made from corn.
toquilla, f., the plant which produces the fiber from which Panama hats are made.
torbellino, m., whirlwind, cyclone.
torcaz, f., a species of wild pigeon.
tormentoso, -a, stormy.
tornasolado, -a, changing colors or hue.
torneo, m., tournament, contest.
torno, en —— de, roundabout.
toronja, f., grape-fruit.
torpe, dull, stupid, rude.
torrefacción, f., act of roasting.
torta, f., a round cake.
tortilla, f. (Sp. A.), a baked cake made of grated corn.
tórtola, f., turtle-dove.
tostado, -a, tanned;
of a light-brown color.
tostar, to roast (coffee beans), to toast.
totora, f. (Sp. A.), cat-tail, bulrush.
tournée, f. (French), trip;
theatrical tour.
tragar, to swallow.
trago, m., draught of liquor, a swallow.
tramway, m., street-car tracks (an Anglicism much used in Sp. A.).
transcurrir, to elapse, to pass (time).
transeunte, transient, temporary, changing from place to place;
m., a passer-by.
transferir, to transfer, to carry over, to shift.
transitable, that which may be passed;
relating to transit.
tranvía, m., street-car.
trapecio, m., trapezium, trapeze.
trapiche, m., place where sugar-cane is crushed, sugar mill.
traqueteo, m., shaking, jolting.
trasbordar, to transship.
trasiego, m., the decanting of liquors.
trasijado, -a, lank, meager;
thin flanked.
trasladar, to move, to remove, to transport.
trasquilar, to shear sheep.
trastornar, to overthrow, to upset;
to confuse.
tratarse, refl., to become acquainted, to have social intercourse.
trato, m., manner, address;
dealing, intercourse;
trade, traffic.
travesía, f., road, journey, voyage;
(Sp. A.) journey by land, especially over a desert.
travesura, f., practical joke, prank, mischief, trick.
trazado, m., plan of the railroad or street-car lines.
trecho, m., distance;
gap.
trenzarse, refl., to grasp each other when fighting, to clinch.
trepador, -a, climbing.
tribuna f., stand, platform.
tricromía, f., three-color work, printing in three colors.
trigal, m., wheat-field.
trillado, -a, thrashed.
trilladora, f., threshing machine.
trillar, to thrash (Agri.).
trinchera, f., trench.
tripa, f., the inside part, filling;
—— de cigarro, cigar filler.
tripulación, f., crew.
triste, m., a gaucho folk-song.
tristeza, f., sadness.
trocar, to exchange;
——se los papeles, to turn the tables, to exchange rôles.
trova, f., verse, ballad, metrical composition.
trozo, m., piece or part of a thing; excerpt.
trucha, f., trout.
tualeta, f. (from French, toilette), the outer garments, as a whole, of a girl or woman;
costume, dress;
hacer la ——, to dress.
tuesta, from tostar.
tul, m., tulle.
turba, f., crowd, confused multitude.
turbar, to disturb, to roil;
to alarm, to confuse.
turbión, m., hurricane;
violent concussion.
tazado, -a, clipped;
shorn.
tuzar (Sp. A.), to clip the horse’s mane.

U
ubre, f., udder.
ufano, -a, proud, haughty, arrogant.
ulpo, m. (Sp. A.), porridge made of ground parched corn mixed with water.
umbrío, m., a shady place;
shade.
umbroso, -a, shady, umbrageous.
Unión, f., la ——, the United States.
uno, -a, one;
—— a ——, —— por ——, one by one;
—— a otro, one another, reciprocally;
—— que otro, a few;
—— tras otro, one after the other.
usanza, f., usage, custom.
usina, f. (Sp. A.), (from the French usine), power house.
útil, useful;
m., utensil.
utilidad, f., benefit, profit.
uva, f., grape.

V
vacío, -a, empty;
void.
vagar, to wander or loiter about;
to range;
to be idle.
vaho, m., vapor;
light fog.
vajilla, f., porcelain or china table service.
valentía, f., “spunk,” energy;
imagination, uncommon dexterity.
valor, m., worth, value;
—— en prenda, the amount for which an article is pledged or pawned.
valla, f., barrier.
vaquería, f., dairy.
vaquero, m. (Sp. A.), cowboy, cowherd;
dairyman.
váquira, f. (Sp. A.), peccary.
vara, f., a non-metric linear measure equivalent to three feet or about 34 inches.
varar, to run aground.
vasco, -a, Basque.
vástago, m., stem, bud, offshoot;
descendant, offspring.
vecino, -a, neighbor;
inhabitant.
vega, f., an open plain;
a tract
level, fruitful ground;
(Sp. A.) a tobacco field.
vegetar, to live in inertness or obscurity.
vela, f., vigil, watch.
velador, m., night table, bedside stand.
velay (Sp. A.), behold! look! here it is!
velorio, m. (Sp. A.), the old custom of “watching” by the body of a decedent;
wake.
vellón, m., fleece, one sheep’s wool.
venal, mercenary;
venal.
vendar, to blindfold;
to hoodwink.
vendimia, f., vintage.
venia, f., salutation with the head.
venir, to come, to draw near.
ventisquero, m., glacier.
ver, to see;
no tener que ——, to have nothing to do with.
verbigracia, for example, for instance.
verbo, m., word;
verb.
verde, m., unripe, green, immature.
verdura, f., green groceries, fresh vegetables.
vereda, f. (Sp. A.), sidewalk;
footpath.
verja, f., grating, railing.
vermut, m., vermuth, a liquor distilled from white wine and absinthe.
versado, -a, versed, conversant, skilled.
versatilidad, f., variability;
adaptability;
inconstancy.
vertiente, f., spring, source.
vestimenta, f., clothes, garments, vestments.
veta, f., vein of ore.
vetustez, f., antiquity.
vez, f., time;
a la ——, at the same time;
a la —— que, as well as;
en ——, instead of;
tal ——, perhaps;
tal cual ——, seldom;
de —— en cuando, from time to time;
a su ——, on his or her or its turn;
a veces, sometimes;
pocas veces, seldom.
viable, livable;
transmissible.
vía férrea, f., railroad.
viajero, m., traveler;
wayfarer.
vicuña, f., a South American mammal and ruminant animal, allied to the llama.
vid, f., grapevine.
vidalita, f. (Sp. A.), folk-song.
vidente, m., visionary, prophet.
vidrios de color, m. pl., stained glass.
vientos alisios, m. pl., trade winds.
vigilia, f., the act of being wide awake, or on the watch.
vilmente, vilely.
villorrio, m., small village.
vínculo, m., tie, link, chain.
vinicultura, f., the scientific study of wine-making.
viniendo, coming, becoming, approaching.
viñedo, m., vineyard.
virrey, m., viceroy.
visado, countersigned.
visar, to scan, to look closely; to approve, to O. K.
visillo, m., a small window or peep-hole.
visto bueno, m., approved, correct; in manuscript Vº Bº set after a draft, order, permit, license, account, etc. in public offices means, “The preceding document has been examined and found to be correct.”
vistoso, -a, beautiful, delightful;
tasteful.
vitrina, f., glass showcase.
viuda, f., widow;
a South American bird.
vivaz, lively, active.
vivienda, f., dwelling, house, apartment, lodging.
vivo, -a, lively, alert, wide awake.
vocerío, m., clamor, outcry.
vocero, m., one who advocates or is the sponsor for an idea;
backer.
volanta, f. (Sp. A.), any light carriage well hung on good springs.
votar, to vote (as, an appropriation by Congress).
voz, f., word, part of speech.
vuelo, m., flight;
elevation of style, discourse or workmanship.

W
warrant, m., English word used in Sp. A. to mean duplicate copy of a certificate covering the deposit of goods in certain custom-houses or in bond.

Y
ya, already, now;
—— no, no longer, no more;
—— que, since, seeing that.
yacimiento, m., vein of ore, deposit.
yanqui, m., pertaining to a native of or to the United States of America.
yaravi, m. (Sp. A.), folk-song native to Chile, Perú, Bolivia and Colombia.
yedra, f., ivy.
yegua, f., mare.
yerba, f., grass, weed;
(Sp. A.) —— mate, Paraguayan tea.
yeso, m., plaster of Paris.
yuca, f., yucca (Bot.), sometimes called Spanish bayonet.
yugada, f., amount of ground which a yoke of oxen can plow in a day.
yugo, m., yoke;
oppression;
authority.
yunga, f., name given in Bolivia to the hot region of the northeast where the famous yungas coffee is grown.

Z
zafra, f. (Sp. A.), the amount of sugar-cane ground from any one crop;
by extension, the result of any industrial effort covering an entire season.
zaga, f., the back of a carriage or a diligence, the rumble.
zagalejo, m. (Sp. A.), a fine red
cloth petticoat embroidered with spangles.
zaguán, m., porch, entrance, hall.
zamacueca, f., a popular dance in Chile and Perú.
zambito, m., dim. of zambo.
zambo, m., a. species of monkey.
zambullir, to dive.
zapallo, m. (Sp. A.), pumpkin, squash.
zapateo, m. (Sp. A.), a dance in which the measure is kept by beating or shuffling the feet on the floor (Spanish, zapateado).
zapote, m. (Sp. A.), sapote tree, sapodilla and its fruit.
zarandeado, -a, stirred.
zarandear, to stir, to move nimbly.
zarigüeya, f., weasel.
zarzuela, f., a dramatic performance of alternate declamation and singing.
zócalo, m., socle (Arch.);
plaza or square.
zorrino, m. (Sp. A.), skunk.
zorro, m., fox.
zótano, m., basement;
cave.
zumbar, to buzz, to hum.
zumbido, m., humming, a continued buzzing sound.
zumo, m., sap, juice, liquor.
zum-zum, m., a species of colibrí or humming-bird.
zurubí or surubí, m., a South American fish.
zutano, m., what’s-his-name, so-and-so;
a word which, like fulano, is used to designate a person whose name is not known to the speaker or which he does not care to mention.

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