[3.—CLASSIFICATION OF THE PRIMATES]
N.B.— * indicates extinct forms, + living groups, ++ the hypothetical stem-form. Cf. History of Creation, chap. xxvii.; Evolution of Man, chap. xxiii.
| Orders. | Sub-Orders. | Families. | Genera. |
| I Prosimiae Lemurs (Hemipitheci) The orbits imperfectly separated from the temporal depression by a bony arch. Womb double or two-horned. Placenta diffuse, indeciduate (as a rule). Cerebrum relatively small, smooth, or little furrowed. | 1. Lemuravida (Palalemures) Early lemurs (generalists) Originally with claws on all or most fingers: later transition to nails. Tarsus primitive. | 1. Pachylemures* (Hypopsodina) Dent. 44 = 3.1.4.3/3.1.4.3 Primitive dentition | Archiprimas++ Lemuravus* Early Eocene Pelycodus* Early Eocene Hypopsodus* Late Eocene |
| 2. Necrolemures (Anaptomorpha Dent. 40 = 2.1.4.3/2.1.4.3 Reduced dentition | Adapis* Plesiadapis* Necrolemur* | ||
| 2. Lemurogona (Neolemures) Modern lemures (specialists) All fingers usually have nails (except the second toe). Tarsus modified. | 3. Autolemures+ (Lemurida) Dent. 36 = 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3 Specialised dentition | Eulemur Hapalemur Lepilemur Nycticebus Stenops Galago | |
| 4. Chirolemures+ (Chiromyida) Dent. 18 = 1.0.1.3/1.0.0.3 Rodent dentition | Chiromys (Claws on all fingers except first) | ||
| II Simiae Apes (Pitheci or simiales) Orbits completely separated from the temporal depression by a bony septum. Womb simple, pear-shaped. Placenta discoid, deciduate. Cerebrum relatively large and much furrowed. | 3. Platyrrhinae Flat-nosed apes Hesperopitheca Western apes (American). Nostrils lateral, with wide partition 3 premolars | 5. Arctopitheca+ Dent. 32 = 2.1.3.2/2.1.3.2 Nail on hallux only | Hapale Midas |
| 6. Dysmopitheca+ Dent. 36 = 2.1.3.3/2.1.3.3 Nails on all fingers | Callithrix Nyctipithecus Cebus Mycetes Ateles | ||
| 4. Catarrhinae Narrow-nosed apes Eopitheca Eastern apes (Arctogoea) Europe, Asia, and Africa. Nostrils forward, with narrow septum 2 premolars. Nails on all fingers | 7. Cynopitheca+ Dent 32 = 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 Generally with tail and cheek-pouches. Sacrum with 3 or 4 vertebræ | Cynocephalus Cercopithecus Inuus Semnopithecus Colobus Nasalis | |
| 8. Anthropomorpha+ Dent. 32 = 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3 No tail or cheek-pouches Sacrum with 5 vertebræ | Hylobates Satyrus Pliopithecus* Gorilla Anthropithecus Dryopithecus* Pithecanthropus* Homo | ||
[4.—GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE PRIMATES]
Anthropomorpha