1854. Ehrenberg (L. N. [6]) publishes in his Mikrogeologie, figures of seventy-two species of fossil Polycystina (without descriptions).
1855. Johannes Müller (L. N. [8], p. 248) describes the first Acanthometra, and elucidates its affinity to Huxley's Thalassicolla and Ehrenberg's Polycystina.
1858. Johannes Müller (L. N. [12]) establishes the new group Radiolaria as a special order of the Rhizopoda, and includes in it the Thalassicolla, Polycystina, and Acanthometra as closely related families. He opposes these radiate Rhizopoda to the Polythalamia, and describes 50 species observed by him living in the Mediterranean, these he arranges in 20 genera, of which 10 are new. The figures are contained in eleven plates (see L. N. [16], pp. 22-24).
1858. Claparède (L. N. [14]) describes the first Plectoidean (Plagiacantha arachnoides) and two species of Acanthometra, which he had observed living in Norway (see L. N. [16], p. 18).
1860. Ehrenberg (L. N. [4]) gives a short diagnosis of 22 new genera of Polycystina, based on the investigation of numerous deep-sea species brought up by Brooke from the depths of the Pacific Ocean. The number of his genera is thus increased to 66 (compare L. N. [16], pp. 10, 11).
1862. Ernst Haeckel (L. N. [16]) embraces in his Monograph of the Radiolaria all the species hitherto known either by figures or descriptions, and arranges them in 15 families and 113 genera; of which latter 46 are new. The number of new species observed living amounts to 144. In a "survey of the Radiolarian fauna of Messina" (p. 565) he records 72 genera and 169 species. Most of these are figured in the accompanying atlas of thirty-five plates.
1862. Bury (L. N. [17]) gives in an atlas of twenty-five plates, photographed from drawings, the figures of numerous fossil Polycystina of Barbados (without descriptions), of which many are new species overlooked by Ehrenberg (compare § [242], above).
1872. Ehrenberg (L. N. [24]) gives a list of names (without description) of all the Polycystina observed by him from the bottom of the sea, 279 species, of which 127 are figured on twelve plates.
1875. Ehrenberg (L. N. [25]) gives a list of names of all the fossil Polycystina observed by him (from Barbados, the Nicobar Islands and Sicily), 326 species, of which 282 are figured (compare § [242] above). In a new "Systematic Survey of the Genera" the number of these is given as 63. The 7 families are the same as given in 1847 (see above), as also the two orders (Nassellaria = Solitaria, Spumellaria = Composita).
1876. Zittel (L. N. [29]) describes the first fossil Radiolaria from the chalk (6 species) and establishes the new Cyrtoid genus Dictyomitra.