ONION SKINS. (Brown.) Mordant the wool with alum and a little cayenne pepper. Boil it up lightly and keep warm for 6 days. Drying 2 or 3 times in between makes the colour more durable. Dry. Boil a quantity of onion skins, and cool; then put in wool and boil lightly for half-an-hour to an hour; then keep warm for a while. Wring out and wash.
MADDER for BROWN. (For 2½ lbs. wool). Mordant with 2 oz. copperas and 2 oz. cream of tartar. Dye with madder.
MADDER, ETC., for FRENCH BROWN. (For 50 lbs. wool.) Mordant with 1½ lbs. chrome. Dye with 6 lbs. Fustic, 1 lb. madder, ½ lb. cudbear, 1 lb. Tartar. If not dark enough add 8 oz. logwood. Boil for ½ hour. Wash and dry.
FOR BLACK THREAD. (From an old Dutch book on Dyeing. 1583). "Take a quantity of broken or bruised galls and boil them in water in a small pot and when they have a little boiled, take out all the galls and put into the same pot so much Copperas as ye had of galles and put therewith a little gumme of Arabic and then give it again another boiling. So let it boil a little, and with the said dye ye shall colour therein your thread, then take it forth and ye shall see it a fair shining black."
TAN SHADE. (for 6¼ lbs. wool). Mordant with 3 oz. Chrome for 45 minutes and wash in cold water. Boil for ½ hour, in a bag, 5 oz. madder, 4 oz. Fustic, ½ oz. logwood. Enter the wool, raise to the boil, and boil for 45 minutes. By altering the proportions of madder & fustic various shades of brown can be got.
A GOOD BLACK for cotton, (20 lbs.) to stand milling and scouring. Steep all night with 6 lbs. of Sumach, pass through lime liquor and sadden with copperas; repeat in each of the last 2 tubs, adding more lime and copperas to each. Pass through logwood and wash. Soften with a little oil and soda ash.
A GOOD BLACK for cotton, (20 lbs.) In a tub of cold water add 5 lbs. sumach, give a few turns and let it steep in it all night; then in another tub of cold water add a few pails of lime water, wring out; in another tub add 2 lbs. dissolved copperas and a pailful of old Sumach liquor. Enter, give 6 turns, wring out. In lime tub put two pails more lime liquor. Scald 2 lbs. logwood, 1 lb. Fustic in water; enter cotton, give 10 turns, sadden with a little copperas in the same liquor. Soften with a little oil and soda ash.
BLACK FOR LINEN AND COTTON. The yarn is first of all scoured in the ordinary way, galled, alumed, and then turned through a bath of weld. It is then dyed in a decoction of logwood to which one fourth part of sulphate of copper must be added for one part of yarn. It is then washed. It is dyed in a bath made with one part of madder for two of yarn. The yarn is then turned through a bath of boiling soap water, washed and dried.
DOESKIN BLACK. (For 100 lbs. wool.) Camwood 8%. Boil for 50 minutes. Then add Chrome 3%, Alum 1%, Argol 1%. Boil for 50 minutes, take out of dye and allow to stand overnight. Dye in 45% logwood, 8% Fustic, 4% Sumac. Boil for 1½ hours, wash and dry. A fast permanent colour.
GREEN BLACK FOR WOOL. Mordant with 2% Chrome and 25% Sulphuric acid. Boil 1½ hours; and leave over-night. Dye with 40% logwood, and 10% Fustic. Boil 1 hour. Wash.