The names of a few common acids, bases and salts, and their chemical formulas, are given here, as many of them will be important in the pursuance of this work.
Acids
| HCl | Hydrochloric (in gastric juice) |
| HNO3 | Nitric |
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric |
| C2H4O2 | Acetic (vinegar) |
| C6H8O7 | Citric (lemon juice) |
Bases
| NaOH | Sodium hydroxid (caustic soda) |
| KOH | Potassium hydroxid (caustic potash) |
| Ca(OH)2 | Calcium hydroxid (slaked lime) |
| NH4OH | Ammonium hydroxid |
(Ammonia gas dissolved in water produces this alkali.) The equation for this is as follows:
NH3 + H2O + NH4OH
(Ammonia) gas + Water + Ammonium hydroxid
Salts
| NaCl | Sodium chlorid (table salt) |
| KNO3 | Potassium nitrate (salt-peter) |
| CuSO4 | Copper sulfate (blue vitriol) |
| Ca3(PO4)2 | Calcium phosphate (normal) |
| (The mineral of bones) |
Fluorin, Bromin, Iodin—These three elements are in many respects like chlorin. The first is a gas, the second a heavy, Formation of salts in the human body reddish-brown liquid at ordinary temperature, and the third a dark, grayish crystalline solid. These elements all form acids just as chlorin forms hydrochloric acid. These acids produce salts, and these various salts exist in small quantities in the human body.