Principal (ferme), framing of carpentry intended to carry the covering of a roof.
Profile (profil), section of the member of a moulding of an architectural detail.
Pugging (plâtras), filling-in of plaster work between the joists of a floor or the uprights of a lath-and-plaster partition.
Purlin (panne), roofing-timber placed horizontally on the blade of a principal and which carries the rafters.
Put-log (boulin), piece of wood which, resting in the wall at one end, and upon the scaffold runners at the other, serves to carry the platform upon which the men work in raising a building.
Rafter (chevron), piece of timber of small scantling, on which is nailed the boarding or laths which receives the slates or tiles. In good roofing rafters are placed 20 inches apart, centre and centre, at most. They rest at bottom upon wall-plates, or upon foot-pieces, in their length on the side-pieces or purlins, at their upper extremity against the ridge-piece.
Rebate (feuillure), longitudinal sinking made in frames, posts, and lintels, to receive doors and window-casements, &c.
Ridge-pole (faîtage), horizontal piece of wood which, resting on the top of the king-posts of the principals, forms the apex of the roof and receives the rafters. The ridge-poles are supported in their bearing, from one king-post to another, by struts.
Riser (contre-marche), the upright face of a step.
Scale of proportion (échelle de proportion). The text sufficiently explains the use of the scale in architectural drawing, rendering it needless to enlarge on the usefulness of this practical method. By scale is also understood the relative proportions of an edifice. Certain architectural members give the scale of the whole. Thus, a balustrade ought not to exceed elbow height, nor fall short of it; it then gives the scale of the building, that is to say, it indicates the actual size of the whole, by taking for point of comparison the human height.